Gender andBushmeat Value

Chain

RobertNasiNathalieVanVliet

CIFOR,AnnualMeeting2012,October3rd

Objective

Tounderstandtherolesandcontributionsofmenandwomenintheuseandtradeofbushmeat,alongthebushmeattradechainfromhuntingtoconsumption,passingthroughtradeandfoodpreparation

The Bushmeat Market Chain

Hunters Transporters

RetailersFinalconsumersinruralareas

Finalconsumersinurbanareas

Prey

Wholesalers

Hunting

Isgenerallya”man”onlyactivitybut....

Womenoftenpushforhunting

“IfacertainmangoeshuntingbutIdon’tgo,mywifemightevenstartlovingthatman.”(Man,age32)

Tanzania, FZS: Asanterabi Lowassa(asante.kweka@gmail.com)

Hunting

Hunters Transporters

RetailersFinalconsumersinruralareas

Finalconsumersinurbanareas

LAFILIÈREVIANDEDEBROUSSE

Prey

The Bushmeat Market Chain

Wholesalers

TransportingMenaremostlyinvolvedintransportfromthesourcetourbanareas

Hunters Transporters

RetailersFinalconsumersinruralareas

Finalconsumersinurbanareas

LAFILIÈREVIANDEDEBROUSSE

Prey

The Bushmeat Market Chain

Wholesalers

Wholesalers and retailersWomenareinvolvedinthetradefromretailers,wholesalers,restaurants,

preparedbushmeatmealssoldinmarketsorinthestreet

HuntersTransporters

RetailersFinalconsumersinruralareasFinalconsumersinurbanareas

LAFILIÈREVIANDEDEBROUSSE

Prey

The Bushmeat Market Chain

Wholesalers

Bushmeatpreferencesbygender

women preferences

cane rat

5%

porcupine

61%

blue duiker

3%

red duikers

5%

pangolin

6%

monkey

10%

Consumption

SouthwestCameroun,vanVlietandNasi,unpublished)(N=345)

men preferences

cane rat

11%

porcupine

46%blue duiker

2%

red duikers

9%

pangolin

11%

monkey

6%

Bats,nilemonitor,foxandgorillawereonlymentionedbymen;elephantswereclearlypreferredbywomen(78%ofthevoteswerefromwomen)

Consumptiontaboosformenandwomen

Consumption

Womenthateatbayduikercouldhaveperiodsforever(Kota,Gabon)

Gender differences

• Genderbalanceallalongthetradechain(Brown,2003)

• Genderdifferencesinthecontributionofbushmeattoincome

• Genderdifferencesinbushmeatconsumptionpatterns

• Genderdifferencesinexposuretozoonosisassociatedwiththehandlingofbushmeat

Usingqualitativedatafromtwosites,lowerOmoinEthiopiaandwesternSerengetiinTanzania,wefoundthatinbothplaceswomen,whilenotactivelyhunting,playedastrongrolethroughavarietyofverbalandnon‐verbalbehavioursthatmotivatedmalehuntinganddiscouragedtheirnon‐hunting.Huntingactivitieswerehighlygenderedanddrivenbytheinterplaybetweenmaleandfemaleroles,whichservedtomaintaintheseactivitiesdespitestrongdisincentivesfromlegislationandconservationanddevelopmentinterventions.

Methodological implications

• Studyofthevaluechainwithoutconsideringgenderislargelyirrelevant

• Thereisnoneedofverysophisticatedmethods

• Commonsenseshouldprevail

Methods.Cameroon

• Bushmeatconsumptionsurveysatthehouseholdlevel

•Socio‐economiccharacteristicsofthehousehold•Proteinsconsumedthedaybeforetheinterviewforbreakfast,lunchanddinner•Statedpreferencefordifferentsourcesofprotein

Methods

• Bushmeatconsumptioninterviewstoschoolpupilsinindigenouscommunities,smalltownsandcities

•Socio‐economiccharacteristicsofthefamilies•Proteinsconsumedthedaybeforetheinterviewforbreakfast,lunchanddinner•Statedpreferencefordifferentsourcesofprotein

Methods• Identificationofthemarketchain:stakeholdersinvolved,tradepoints,prices,traderoutesetc…

•Visittradepoints•Participantobservation•Informalandnonsystematicconversationswithtradersandconsumers•Dailymonitoringofsalesinspecifickeypointsforonemonthduringthedryseason

Engageinpreliminarymappingofthechain,consideringgender,byusingsecondarysourcesandproject’sdocumentationbeforestartingthestudy.

Addagenderdimensiontoastandardmappingofavaluechainismarginallycostly.Criticalstepsare:

toenquireabouttherelativeproportionsofwomenandmenateachnodeand

toaskaboutwhomakesthetransactionsbetweennodes. complementedbyfurtherinvestigationintowagedifferentialsbetweenwomenandmenateachnode,andbetweennodes.

Practical Tips for Gender-Sensitive Value Chain Mapping

Itisimportanttogooutintothefieldandtoseekaccesstostakeholdersasopposedtorelyingonspokespersonsfororganisationswhomayprofferlargeclaimsregardingprogresstowardsgenderequity.Aricher,morenuancedpicturecanbegainedthroughtalkingtoarangeofactorsateachnodeinthechain.

Peoplelike‘successfulcasestories’.Yetthesemaynottypifytheaveragestoriesresultingfromtheworkandthelessonsthatcanbedevelopedfromthese.Itisthereforeusefultoconsidercarefullythekindsofrespondentthatthescientistwouldliketospeaktoandthenatureoftheinteractionsought‐e.g.withorwithoutprojectrepresentatives,representativesofvariousstakeholders,andtheneedtomeet‘averagecases’.

Gender‐sensitivetranslatorscomfortablewithworkinginthefieldareessentialandsoaregender‐sensitiveinvestigators.

Thank you