Waves

Keith Warne

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Transverse Pulse• A pulse is a ……….

……………….. in a

medium.

• A transverse pulse has the

disturbance at …………

to the direction of

movement.

• The pulse shownmoves

from left to right across

the medium.

• The particles of the

medium move UP and

DOWN.

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Transverse Pulse

• The pulse length () would be from the …………. to the …………………………...

• The amplitude (A) is the ……………………… from position of ………...

…………………………..

……………………………

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Longitudinal Pulse

Longitudinal Pulse The disturbance is in the ……………………… as

the wave motion.

The particles vibrate………………………to the wave's velocity.

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Displacement - time

• Draw graphs of transverse position (y) vs time vs t, for a particle of a string or spring as a pulse move past it.

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Displacement - time

• Draw graphs of transverse position (y) vs time vs t,

for a particle of a string or spring as a pulse move

past it.

Time (s)

+

-

y

y

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Displacement - time

• Draw graphs of transverse position (y)

vs time vs t, for a particle of a string or

spring as a pulse move past it.

Time (s)

+

-

y

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Graphs of motion

• Graphs of transverse position (y) vs time (y vs t) and velocity vs time (v vs t) , for a particle of

a string or spring as a pulse moves past it.

Time (s)

+

-

y

Time (s)

+

y

-

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Reflection of Pulses

• …………………. takes place at a fixed end.

• ……………………takes place at a free end.

Fixed end Free end

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Vibrations• Equilibrium position – B

• Points of maximum displacement. A & C

• Amplitude = distance from …………… position to point of …………….. displacement.

• One full vibration.

………………………..

• Period (T) - time taken for onefull vibration. (s)

• Frequency (f) - number of full vibrations in one second. (Hz -vib/s)

Vibrating Stick

A

B

C

period = …………………………

frequency =……………

……………

T = ….

….

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Pendulum• Velocity -time and

acceleration time graphs for a pendulum motion.

• Indicate the points A, B and C on these graphs.

Time (s)

Time (s)

Time (s)

A

BC

If a pendulum completes 12 full cycles in

3s. Calculate:

frequency = ………………………

period = …………………………..

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Transverse Waves

Transverse Waves

The disturbance is at 90o to the direction

of movement.

The particles vibrate perpendicular to the

wave's velocity.

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Frequency. waves

time

= 1.5wvs/1sec

= 1.5 Hz

Period. T = time/waves

= 1 second/1.5waves

= 0.66 s/wv

Amplitude = 0.04m

Transverse Wave

One second

ƒ=

4 cm

One

waveHalf

wave

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Longitudinal Waves

……….………

…………………

A Longitudinal wave is a series of ……………………….. and

………………………………… that move through a medium.

The DISTURBANCE is in the ……………………………….. as the

direction of the wave (pulse).

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Speed of the wave.

• Symbol (“…….”) - the ……………moved by any pulse in one ……………...

• Units meters per second(……….).

Speed = ………… x ……………….

= … x ….

= ………………

= ………. ……..

Transverse Wave - speed

One second

= 5.5mm

= ƒ x

1/2

f = waves

time=

1.5

1= 1.5 Hz

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Comparison

wavelength

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Interference 1

c) The pulses continue on their original

paths.

When two pulses arrive at the

same point at the same time

they combine into a single

pulse with …………… the

amplitude.

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Interference 1

Constructive Interference

• When a pulse and

another pulse meet at a

point

• Displacements add up

• A antinode (point of

double displacement) is

produced.

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Double Source interference

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Double slit interference

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Standing WavesFundamental

frequecy fo

f2 = ….. fo

f 3= ……fo

f4 = ….. fo

f5 = …… fo

fn = ….. fo

= 2 L

= ……L

= ……L

= ……L

= ……L

= ……L

L

…..

…..

……

….

……

……

L = ………

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Properties of waves• Reflection - waves

bouncing off a surface

• Refraction - waves bending as they pass through a different medium.

• Interference - waves interfering as they pass through another wave.

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Reflection• Waves ……….

(bounce) off the surface of objects in their paths.

• The angle that waves are ………. (hit) the surface is the same as that with which they ……….off again.

Angle of incidence

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Refraction of waves• Waves ……………on

entering a more dense

medium.

• If a wave strikes this

medium at an

……………it then

changes direction.

Normal line

90° to the

surface

The wave bends …………………… the normal on entering a more dense

medium at an angle.

The waves bend ………………. ……………… the normal when exiting a

more dense medium.

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Hi -

This is a SAMPLE presentation only.

My FULL presentations, which contain a lot more more slides and other resources, are freely

available on my resource sharing website:

www.warnescience.net(click on link or logo)

Have a look and enjoy!

WarneScience