From DNA to Protein Review

Spring 2011

1 pt

• The units that make up DNA are called?

• nucleotides

2 pts

• The sequence of a part of one chain of DNA is CGC AAT CGT, the sequence of its complimentary partner must be?

• GCG TTA GCA

1 pt

• DNA is found in the ______________?

• nucleus

1 pt

• What brings amino acids to the ribosomes for addition to the protein chain?

• Transfer RNA

• tRNA

3 pts

• What are the 3 differences between DNA and RNA?

• 1. DNA has deoxyribose sugar, RNA has Ribose

• 2. DNA has thymine bases and RNA uses Uracil bases

• 3. DNA has a double chain and RNA is a single chain

2 pts

• For the DNA strand below create the mRNA sequence and correct polypeptide sequence?

• DNA: TAC GAT TAG CTA ACC TTC CAA ACT

• mRNA: AUG CUA AUC GAU UGG AAG GUU UGA

• Amino acid sequence: • MET- LEU- ISO- ASP-LEU-LYS- VAL- STOP

2 pts

• Put these protein synthesis events in order 1-5:

a) tRNA picks up amino acids and carries them to the cytoplasm

b) Ribosomes bond mRNA and tRNA

c) A single strand of DNA serves as a template to make mRNA

d) mRNA carries the sequence of nucleotides to the cytoplasm

e) A protein is synthesized

Answer: c, d, a, b, e

1 pt

• The process in which a DNA molecule is copied is called?

• replication

1 pt

• Name the four nitrogenous bases found in RNA?• Uracil• Adenine• Guanine• Cytosine

1 pt

• Name the two different types of mutagens that can change the DNA code?

• X-rays, chemicals, random mutation, UV radiation

1 pt

• RNA DNA nucleic acid rRNA

• Which is the term that includes all the others?

• Nucleic acid

1 pt

• The process of copying the DNA code to RNA is called?

• transcription

1pt

• The process of reading the mRNA and creating a protein is called?

• Translation

2 pts

• What two bases are purines?

• Adenine and Guanine

1 pt

• What RNA base pairs with Adenine?

• Uracil

3 pts

• What did Hershey and Chase work with?

• Viruses

• Their experiment proved that DNA was the genetic material responsible for passing on characteristics

3 pts

• What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

• Sugar

• Phosphate

• Nitrogenous base

1 pt

• In what direction does DNA replication occur?

• 5’ to 3’

2 pts

• What are introns?

• Segments of mRNA that do not code for anything

• They are cut out

1 pt

• How many amino acids are there?

• 20

1 pt

• What is the start codon?

• AUG

1 pt

• Name one stop codon….

• UGA, UAA, UAG

2 pts

• What are some functions of proteins?

• Structure: hair, muscle, ligaments

• Enzymes: break down food, speed up chemical reactions

2 pts

• What 2 enzymes are responsible for DNA replication?

• DNA polymerase

• DNA ligase