Post on 19-Jul-2015
From Brains to BRAINS: Neuroscience at the Cutting Edge
John Borghi, PhD@JohnBorghi
@BoldSignalsPod
Open
Connectome
Project
McCabe, D. P., & Castel, A. D. (2008). Seeing is believing: The effect of brain images on judgments of scientific reasoning. Cognition, 107(1), 343-352.
Superfluous Neuroscience
Ariely, D., & Berns, G. S. (2010). Neuromarketing: the hope and hype of neuroimaging in business. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(4), 284-292.
Noble, K. G., Houston, S. M., Brito, N. H., Bartsch, H., Kan, E., Kuperman, J. M., ... & Sowell, E. R. (2015). Family income, parental education and brain
structure in children and adolescents. Nature Neuroscience, 18, 773–778.
Adapted From: Brodmann K (1909). Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde.
Lafer-Sousa, R., Hermann, K.L., & Conway, B.R. (2015). Striking individual differences in color perception uncovered by ‘the dress’ photograph. Current Biology.
Park, H. J., & Friston, K. (2013). Structural and functional brain networks: from connections to cognition. Science, 342(6158), 1238411.
Wickersham, I. R., Lyon, D. C., Barnard, R. J., Mori, T., Finke, S., Conzelmann, K. K., ... & Callaway, E. M. (2007). Monosynaptic restriction of
transsynaptic tracing from single, genetically targeted neurons. Neuron, 53(5), 639-647.
Transsynaptic Tracing
Chen, F., Tillberg, P. W., & Boyden, E. S. (2015). Expansion microscopy. Science, 347(6221), 543-548
Expansion Microscopy
Chung, K., Wallace, J., Kim, S. Y., Kalyanasundaram, S., Andalman, A. S., Davidson, T. J., ... & Deisseroth, K. (2013). Structural and molecular interrogation of
intact biological systems. Nature, 497(7449), 332-337.
CLARITY
Chung, K., Wallace, J., Kim, S. Y., Kalyanasundaram, S., Andalman, A. S., Davidson, T. J., ... & Deisseroth, K. (2013). Structural and molecular interrogation of
intact biological systems. Nature, 497(7449), 332-337.
CLARITY
Lichtman, J. W., Livet, J., & Sanes, J. R. (2008). A technicolour approach to the connectome. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9(6), 417-422.
Golgi Stain
Brainbow
Chung, K., Wallace, J., Kim, S. Y., Kalyanasundaram, S., Andalman, A. S., Davidson, T. J., ... & Deisseroth, K. (2013). Structural and molecular interrogation of
intact biological systems. Nature, 497(7449), 332-337.
Allen Cell Types Database
Optogenetic actuators(e.g. channelrhodopsin)
Optogenetic sensors(e.g. Clomeleon, Mermaid)
Genetic Construct
inserted into virus
Virus is injected
into animal
Laser light is used to
Control activity of infected
neurons
Activity of infected
neurons is measured via
optic sensor
Optogenetics
Baratta, M. V., Nakamura, S., Dobelis, P., Pomrenze, M. B., Dolzani, S. D., & Cooper, D. C. (2012). Optogenetic control of genetically-targeted pyramidal
neuron activity in prefrontal cortex. arXiv preprint arXiv:1204.0710.
Ramirez, S., Liu, X., Lin, P. A., Suh, J., Pignatelli, M., Redondo, R. L., ... & Tonegawa, S. (2013). Creating a false memory in the
hippocampus. Science,341(6144), 387-391.
Image: Evan Wondolowski of Collective Next
Tanaka, K. Z., Pevzner, A., Hamidi, A. B., Nakazawa, Y., Graham, J., & Wiltgen, B. J. (2014). Cortical Representations Are Reinstated by the Hippocampus
during Memory Retrieval. Neuron, 84(2), 347-354.
Grosenick, L., Marshel, J. H., & Deisseroth, K. (2015). Closed-Loop and Activity-Guided Optogenetic Control. Neuron, 86(1), 106-139.
“Closed Loop” Optogenetics
Transcranial Direct
Current Stimulation
foc.us tDCS v2
Ghostbusters (1984)
Grau, C., Ginhoux, R., Riera, A., Nguyen, T. L., Chauvat, H., Berg, M., ... & Ruffini, G. (2014). Conscious brain-to-brain communication in humans using non-
invasive technologies. PloS one, 9(8), e105225.
Brain-to-Brain Communication
Park, H. J., & Friston, K. (2013). Structural and functional brain networks: from connections to cognition. Science, 342(6158), 1238411.
Szigeti, B., Gleeson, P., Vella, M., Khayrulin, S., Palyanov, A., Hokanson, J., ... & Larson, S. (2014). OpenWorm: an open-science approach to modeling
Caenorhabditis elegans. Frontiers in computational neuroscience, 8.
OpenWorm
Varshney, L. R., Chen, B. L., Paniagua, E., Hall, D. H., & Chklovskii, D. B. (2011). Structural properties of the Caenorhabditis elegans neuronal network. PLoS
computational biology, 7(2), e1001066.
Robot Worms
Oh, S. W., Harris, J. A., Ng, L., Winslow, B., Cain, N., Mihalas, S., ... & Zeng, H. (2014). A mesoscale connectome of the mouse brain.
Nature, 508(7495), 207-214.
EyeWire
The Human Brain Project
The Human Connectome
Hagmann, P., Cammoun, L., Gigandet, X., Meuli, R., Honey, C. J., Wedeen, V. J., & Sporns, O. (2008). Mapping the structural core of human cerebral
cortex.PLoS biology, 6(7), e159.
Irimia, A., Chambers, M. C., Torgerson, C. M., & Van Horn, J. D. (2012). Circular representation of human cortical networks for subject and population-level
connectomic visualization. Neuroimage, 60(2), 1340-1351.
Fornito, A., Zalesky, A., & Breakspear, M. (2015). The connectomics of brain disorders. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(3), 159-172.
The Human Connectome
Fox, C. J., Iaria, G., & Barton, J. J. (2009). Defining the face processing network: optimization of the functional localizer in fMRI. Human brain mapping,30(5),
1637-1651.
The Face Processing Network
Glahn, D. C., Winkler, A. M., Kochunov, P., Almasy, L., Duggirala, R., Carless, M. A., ... & Blangero, J. (2010). Genetic control over the resting
brain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(3), 1223-1228.
The Default Mode Network
Brain Training Games
Kesler, S. R., Sheau, K., Koovakkattu, D., & Reiss, A. L. (2011). Changes in
frontal-parietal activation and math skills performance following adaptive
number sense training: Preliminary results from a pilot
study.Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 21(4), 433-454.
Owen, A. M., Hampshire, A., Grahn, J. A., Stenton, R., Dajani, S., Burns, A. S., ... & Ballard, C. G. (2010). Putting brain training to the test. Nature,465(7299), 775-778.
Jones-Hagata, L. B., Ortega, B. N., Zaiko, Y. V., Roach, E. L., Korgaonkar, M. S., Grieve, S. M., ... & Etkin, A. (2015). Identification of a Common Neurobiological Substrate for Mental Illness. JAMA Psychiatry
Shackman, A. J., Salomons, T. V., Slagter, H. A., Fox, A. S., Winter, J. J., & Davidson, R. J. (2011). The integration of negative affect, pain and cognitive control in the cingulate cortex. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12(3), 154-167.
Kaplan, J. T., Man, K., & Greening, S. G. (2015). Multivariate cross-classification: applying machine learning techniques to characterize abstraction in neural
representations. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 9.
Multi-Voxel Patten Analysis
Woo, C. W., Koban, L., Kross, E., Lindquist, M. A., Banich, M. T., Ruzic, L., ... & Wager, T. D.
(2014). Separate neural representations for physical pain and social rejection. Nature
communications, 5.
Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003). Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study
of social exclusion. Science, 302(5643), 290-292.
Multi-Voxel
Patten Analysis
Schoenmakers, S., Barth, M., Heskes, T., & van Gerven, M. (2013). Linear reconstruction of perceived images from human brain activity. NeuroImage, 83, 951-
961.
Neural Decoding with MVPA
Cowen, A. S., Chun, M. M., & Kuhl, B. A. (2014). Neural portraits of perception: reconstructing face images from evoked brain
activity. Neuroimage, 94, 12-22.
fMRI and Lie Detection?
Langleben, D. D., Loughead, J. W., Bilker, W. B., Ruparel, K., Childress, A. R., Busch, S. I., & Gur, R. C. (2005). Telling truth from lie in individual subjects with
fast event‐related fMRI. Human brain mapping, 26(4), 262-272.
Sentiment Analysis by Emotient
Clarity by Neurokky
Neuroscience Fiction
Thanks!\
John Borghi, PhDJohn.Borghi@Gmail.com
@JohnBorghi
Bold Signals PodcastBoldSignalsi@Gmail.com
@BoldSignalsPod