Post on 23-Apr-2018
Fishing Technology of Myanmar 1
1
ASEAN/SEAFEDC Regional Technical Consultation Meeting
on Management and Conservation of Sea Turtle
in Southeast Asia
ASEAN/SEAFEDC Regional Technical ASEAN/SEAFEDC Regional Technical Consultation Meeting Consultation Meeting
on on Management and Conservation of Sea Turtle Management and Conservation of Sea Turtle
in in Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia
MYANMARMYANMARMYANMAR
Maung Maung Lwin Maung Maung Lwin and and
Khin Myo MyoKhin Myo Myo
2
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
LOCATION & AREALOCATION & AREALOCATION & AREALOCATION & AREA
- Situated betweenLongitude 90º – 108º ELatitude 10º – 28º 31’ N
ANDAM ANS EA
CHINA
LAOS
THAI LAND
INDIA
BAYOFBANGL
KACHIN STA TE
CHIN STATE
SHAN STATE
KAYA STATE
KAYINSTATE
MONSTAT
SAGAINGDIVISION
MAGWAYDIVISION
BAGODIVISION
YANGONDIVISION
MAND
ALAY
DIVISI
ON
AYEYARWADYDIVISION
TANINTH
ARYI
DIVISION
BANGLADAHS
NEW
S
3
Three Coastal Region-
(1) Rakhine coastal (2) Ayeyarwady and Gulf of
Mottama (Delta zone) (3) Taninthayi coastal
Coastline - 2832 km
- Many Island and sandy beaches for sea turtle banks.
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9998979695949392
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
30’ 30’ 30’ 30’ 30’ 30’ 30’
30’
30’
30’
30’
30’
30’
30’
30’
30’
30’
30’30’30’30’30’30’30’
30’
30’
30’
30’
30’
30’
30’
30’
30’
30’
F ishing Grounds of Myanmarand Landing Sit es
1
2
34
5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18F
E
D
C
B
A
Depar tment of Fisher ies
BASE LINE
TE RRI TO RIAL L IN E
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
GWA
YE
DAWEI
MYE IK
KAW TH OUNG
L OCATI ON OF LANDING SI TE S
HA NDWE
T HANDWE
SITT WAYSI TTWAY (RAK H INE)
TH ANDW E(R AK H I NE )
GW A
YANGON
MA WLAMYINE( MON)PAT HEIN(A YEYARWADY)
YE
DAWE I
MY EI K
DEP
AR
TME NT O F FI SHER
IES
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
4
Background Background
-- 1963 DOF breed and protected sea turtle at 1963 DOF breed and protected sea turtle at ThameehlaThameehla Island Island
inin AyweyarwaddyAyweyarwaddy
-- In 1986 hatchery was established on In 1986 hatchery was established on ThameehlaThameehla
-- At present Myanmar declared member of ASEAN / SEAFDEC At present Myanmar declared member of ASEAN / SEAFDEC
-- Myanmar become member of SEAFDEC, CITES and IOSEA/ Myanmar become member of SEAFDEC, CITES and IOSEA/
CMSCMS
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
5
Turtle Species Turtle Species Lepidochelys olivacea ( Olive ridley )Chelonia mydas ( Green Turtle )Caretta caretta ( Loggerhead)Eretmochelys imbricata ( Hawksbill )Dermochelys coriacea ( Leatherback)
Sea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in Myanmar
Two species considered almost extinctTwo species considered almost extinct
- Hawksbill and Leatherback are some part of Rakhine andThaninthayi very seldom
- In Ayeyarwaddy – Green turtle, Olive ridley and loggerhead- One of the most valuable marine animals- Rare marine animals
6
1. Andaman sea ( Mon State & 1. Andaman sea ( Mon State & ThaninthayiThaninthayi Division)Division)2. Gulf of 2. Gulf of MottamaMottama (Mon State & (Mon State & AyeyarwaddyAyeyarwaddy Division)Division)3.3. Bay of Bengal (Bay of Bengal (RakhineRakhine State)State)
Turtle Nesting Areas Turtle Nesting Areas
Fishing Technology of Myanmar 2
7
1. BILU KYUN
2. HAN KA N
3. WAR KYUN
4. ZEE PHYU THA UNG
MON STATEBILU KY UN
HAN KAN
WAR KY UNZEE PHYU THAUNG
Turtle Nesting Areas Turtle Nesting Areas
8
TANINTHAYI
• BYU-BYEIK• PYIN GYI• BA WAR• KAN THAUNG• PIDAKUK• PIKE TAE LAY• DAMINSEIK• MAUNG MA KAN• LOUNG LON BOK • SHIN MAW• PA NYIT
12. LAM PI13. MALI14. DONN KYUN15. PYIN SA BU
MALIMALI
LAM PI
DONN KYUN
PYIN SA BU
Turtle Nesting Areas Turtle Nesting Areas
9
AyeyarwaddyAyeyarwaddy DivisionDivision1. THA MEE HLA
2. KHONE GY I
3. WAR GONE
4. KYAUK KA LAT
5. THET K E TH AUNG
6. ZEE CHA I
7. PYIN KA YA I
8. KA DON GA LAY
9. GA YET GY I
10. NGET U TH AUNG
11. MA SEUIN Y ON
12. HTAUNG GY I TA N
13. ASHAET PHY A
14. MINGALAR THA UNG TAN
15. NGA MUN TH AUNG
16. KAI THAUN G
17. AMATT GY I
18 AMATT K A LAY
19. PYIN SA LU
Turtle Nesting Areas Turtle Nesting Areas
10
RakhineRakhine StateState
1. INBARI
2. MARN AUNG KYUN
3. YE KYUN
INBARI
MARN AUNGYE KYUN
Turtle Nesting Areas Turtle Nesting Areas
11
ObjectiveObjective
1.1. Preserve and restore development feeding and Preserve and restore development feeding and nesting habitats.nesting habitats.2. Make nesting beaches acceptable to turtle by 2. Make nesting beaches acceptable to turtle by eliminating the advised impact through compulsory, eliminating the advised impact through compulsory, mandatory and law enforcement.mandatory and law enforcement.3.3. To implement beaches cleaning program and To implement beaches cleaning program and prevent predator activities.prevent predator activities.4.4. Minimizing waste and pollution of the marine Minimizing waste and pollution of the marine environment.environment.5.5. Increasing public awareness and participation in Increasing public awareness and participation in Sea turtle Conservation through extension and Sea turtle Conservation through extension and public education work.public education work.
Sea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in Myanmar
12
1. Human habitation on turtle bank.2. Poaching of turtles eggs without reserve for the sustainability of turtle.3. Incidental catch in the sea by fishing.4. Destruction of routes to hatching areas and nesting place.5. Destruction of nesting beaches by urban construction words and
negative impact introduced by human being. Insufficient legislative measure and weak law enforcement.
Cause of extinction of Sea turtleCause of extinction of Sea turtle
Other ThreatsOther Threats- Predators- Pollutions- Tourisms- Coral reef- Sea grass
Sea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in Myanmar
Fishing Technology of Myanmar 3
13
The distribution of seagrass along Myanmar Coastal Regions
14
Conservation and ManagementHatching and releasing programme in Ayeyarwaddy
( due to the limited capacity)
Sea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in Myanmar
• Law, regulation and notification
1. In the Burma Fisheries Act ( III – 1905 ), protection for the turtle hatching areas and turtles was included and who trespassed in those areas without official consent was effectively penalized.
2. In 1924, the Government of Burma, Agriculture (Forest Department) Notification No.1 made on official announcement, not to trespass within 3 miles radius from the turtle hatching area.
3. In 1986, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries was promulgated theNotification about conservation of sea turtle regarding.
4. In 1989, DOF Law relating to the Fishing Rights of Foreign Fishing Vessels; (Section 32 b, 32 c, Section 36).
5. In 1990, Myanmar Marine Fisheries Law (DOF) (Section 39, 40).
6. In 1993, the Department of Fisheries declared the Notification No II/93 for Turtles and Tortoises Conservation.
7. The new protection of Wildlife, Wild plants and Conservation of Natural Areas Law replacing the old Myanmar Wildlife Protection Act of 1936 was enacted in 1994 (Forest Department).
15
Sea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in Myanmar
• Hatching and Hatchling releasing
Implement at some Islands and beaches in Ayeyarwaddy Division.1. Hatching in their original natural nests.
Hatching man-made nest by transferring the eggs after they lay.
Percentage of Hatching Rate of Green turtle
Table showing Green turtle hatchling released from newly found rookeries nameKhone Gyi, Wargone, Maydar ai (Thet Ke Thaung) in Ngaputaw Township.
Year Rookeries name Clutches Eggs laid Hatchlingreleased
%
2002
Khonegyi 20 2172 2013 92.68 %
Wargone 7 814 782 96.07 %
Maydar ai 4 476 422 88.66 %
16
Table showing Green turtle hatchling released from Thameehla Is land.
Year Species Clutches Eggs laid Hatchlingreleased %
1986Green turtle 109 10539 970 9.2 %
Loggerhead 212 20061 2110 10.52 %
1996Green turtle 480 42775 40514 94.71 %
Loggerhead 113 12784 9096 71.16 %
2000Green turtle 231 45673 43472 95.18 %
Loggerhead 47 8179 7876 96.28 %
2001 Green turtle 102 46680 43590 93.39 %
2002Green turtle 122 11549 9133 79.1 %
Olive ridley 2 201 126 62.69 %
Sea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in Myanmar
17
Table showing Olive ridley hatchling released from Gayet Gyi, Bogalay Towhship in 1998 to 2003.
Year Clutches Eggs laid Hatchling released
%
1998 171 19330 14017 72.51 %
1999 82 8882 7474 84.15 %
2000 97 11019 8256 74.93 %
2001 71 7727 6418 83.06 %
2002 41 4279 3846 89.88%
Sea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in Myanmar
18
Table showing Olive ridley hatching released from Kadon Galay, Bogalay Township 1998 to 2003.
Year Clutches Eggs laid Hatchling released %
1998 161 17337 12733 73.44 %
1999 60 6808 4225 62.06 %
2000 201 21769 18978 87.18 %
2001 107 12722 11363 89.32 %
2002 68 8033 7420 92.37 %
Sea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in Myanmar
Fishing Technology of Myanmar 4
19
Table showing Olive ridley hatchling released from newly found rookery Nget U Thaung underBogalay Township 2002 and 2003.
Year Clutches Eggs laid Hatchling released %
2002 11 1236 981 79.37 %
Table showing Olive ridley hatchling released from newly found rookery Ma Sein Yon underBogalay Township in 2002 and 2003.
Year Clutches Eggs laid Hatchling released %
2002 8 1009 901 89.29 %
Sea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in Myanmar
20
Table showing Olive ridley hatchling released from newly found rookery Nga Mun Thaung under Bogalay Township in 2002 and 2003.
Year Clutches Eggs laid Hatchling released
%
2002 1 123 113 91.87 %
Table showing Olive ridley hatchling released from newly found rookery Ashaet Phya under Bogalay Township.
Year Clutches Eggs laid Hatchling released
%
2002 4 307 286 93.16%
Sea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in Myanmar
21
• Tagging Activities
� Myanmar participated in second Meeting on the Regional Tagging
Programme and Population Statistics on Sea Turtle held in Malaysia in
2000.
In that workshop resolution was passed to provide Myanmar and
Cambodia with Applicators and Inconel Tags by MFRDMD.
� Applicators and Inconel Tags was received Myanmar (DOF) in
November 2001.
� Tagging activity was carried out for nesting Sea Turtle which were
returned to the sea starting from 23 December 2001.
� DOF received Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT) and Scanner in
April 2003, it is not put into practice yet because DOF is put into
practice during the nesting period.
Sea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in Myanmar
22
Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar Sea Turtle Resource in Myanmar
Year Olive ridley Nos
Green Turtle Nos
Total Remark
2001 13 - 13 Kadon Galay: 6 NosGayet Gyi: 7 Nos
2002 42 54 96Kadon Galay: 26
NosGayet Gyi: 16 NosThameehla: 41 NosKhone Gyi: 13 Nos
2003 10 28 38
Kadon Galay: 5 NosGayet Gyi:
5+1(Green) NosThameehla: 27 Nos
23
Sea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in Myanmar
Turtle Products�- Some villager/ fishermen are eating and marketing the eggs illegally (in remote areas).�- If turtle died because of fishing they eat the meat and sale the carapace to the market.�- Most valuable carapace E. imbricata (marking combs, hair pans and brooches).
public Awareness, Information, Education and Trainingpublic Awareness, Information, Education and Training
- DOF distributes pamphlet, inserting educational programme in newspaper, magazines, radio and television.- Turtle conservation and management course was conducted for the first time from (21-12-2001) to (31-12-2001) at Gayet Gyiconservation station with the participation of 17 trainees.- Inspector Course No.6/2003 conducted by DOF, Myanmar at Institute of Fishing Technology (IFT) in Yangon sea turtle conservation and management was introduced.
24
Constraints
- Inadequacy of skill workers and staff.
- Difficulty to control and organize the eggs harvesters in remote areas.
- Communication and Transportation.
- Research Methodology and Equipment.
- Lack of trained person, literatures and information.
- Insufficient technical experience and expertise.
Sea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in MyanmarSea Turtle Resource in Myanmar