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Evolution

http://life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/ID: eee105Password: prAIRie

Lec 13 13Feb02

Natural selection

N

0 100a characteristic

selection

Antibiotic resistance in disease bacteria

Insecticide resistance

disease vectors

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Insecticide resistance

disease vectors

agricultural pests

Pests evolve pesticide resistance

r-strategists evolve most rapidly

Genetic variation is “raw material”

Genetic variation is “raw material”

Environment “edits” the population

Genetic variation is “raw material”

Environment “edits” the population

Genetic variation is “raw material”

Environment “edits” the population

Genetic variation is “raw material”

Environment “edits” the population

Genetic variation is “raw material”

Environment “edits” the population

Genetic variation is “raw material”

Environment “edits” the population

Genetic variation is “raw material”

Environment “edits” the population

natural selectionnatural selection continuous competitioncontinuous competition

Natural selectionNatural selection

continuous competitioncontinuous competition between membersbetween members of the same speciesof the same species

Natural selection

continuous competition between members of the same species

Natural selection

N

0 100a characteristic

selection

Selection forces ?

Selection forces

Natural selection

Physical environmental factorse.g weather

Density-independent limiting factorsPhysical environmental factorsPhysical environmental factors

e.g weathere.g weather

Selection forces

Natural selection

Physical environmental factorsDensity-independent limiting factors

Density-dependent limiting factors disease predation

Food chain

E

producer primary secondaryconsumer consumer

autotroph herbivore predator

respiration

decomposition

parasites

parasites

parasites

each trophic level regulates population of its preyeach trophic level regulates population of its prey each trophic level selects its preyeach trophic level selects its prey

Selection forces

Natural selection

Physical environmental factorsDensity-independent limiting factors

Density-dependent limiting factors disease predation competition between species

Competition between speciesCompetition between species

pests vs. uspests vs. usCompetition between speciesCompetition between species

Competition between speciesCompetition between species

weeds vs. usweeds vs. us

pests vs. uspests vs. us

Selection forces

Natural selection

Physical environmental factorsDensity-independent limiting factors

Density-dependent limiting factors disease predation competition between species

The ecological theaterThe evolutionary drama

An ecosystem

But, how can “random” processes

design complex structures?

But, how can “random” processes

design complex structures?

Isn’t this like expecting a bunch of monkeys locked in a room with typewriters to eventually type out Hamlet’s soliloquy?

Actually one monkey with a computer could do it -- if it were arranged like natural selection

monkey, typing

computer

q

Don’t Save

m

Don’t Save

t

Save

t

tk

Don’t Save

t

to

Save

to

toq

Don’t Save

that is the question

to be or not to be

that is the question

to be or not to be

Evolution by Natural Selection is not random

Selection is non-randomnon-randomnon-random