Final Exam Review

Multiple Choice Section

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the main areas of Earth Science?

A. Geology C. AstrologyB. Oceanography D. Astronomy

2. What is the study of the atmosphere and the processes that produce weather and climate?

A. Oceanography C. MeteorologyB. Geology D. Astronomy

3. The outer planets-Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune-are made up of _____.

A. Hydrogen, helium, waterB. Iron, nickel, carbon dioxideC. Carbon, oxygen, methaneD. Water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane

Review Day 1

1. The crust and uppermost mantle make up the rigid outer layer of Earth called the _______.

A. Geosphere C. LithosphereB. Asthenosphere D. Lower Mantle

2. The distance, measured in degrees, north and south of the equator is referred to as _____.

A. Longitude C. The Prime MeridianB. Latitude D. The Poles

3. Differences in elevation are best shown using a _______.

A. Mercator ProjectorB. Gnomonic Projection MapC. Robinson Projection MapD. Topographic Map

Review Day 21. Earth is considered a system because all of its pieces

_________.A. Represent separate closed systemsB. InteractC. Were formed at the same timeD. Are powered by the same energy sources

2. Which of the following is NOT caused by human interactions with the Earth system?

A. Air pollution C. Mountain buildingB. Water pollution D. Deforestation

3. A scientific hypothesis can become a theory if ________.

A. The entire scientific community accepts itB. The hypothesis is tested extensively and competing

hypothesis are eliminatedC. There are no other competing hypothesesD. The hypothesis can be tested at least once

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the eight most common elements in Earth’s continental crust?

A. Carbon C. OxygenB. Silicon D. Aluminum

2. The central region of an atom is called the __________.

A. Proton C. NucleusB. Electron D. Neutron

3. When two or more elements bond together in definite proportions, they form a(n) __________.

A. Ion C. NucleusB. Atom D. Compound

Review Day 3

1. A mineral that contains carbon, oxygen, and the metallic element magnesium would be classified as a(n) ______.

A. Silicate C. CarbonateB. Oxide D. Sulfate

2. All the minerals in the sulfate and sulfide group contains what element?

A. Silicon C. OxygenB. Sulfur D. Carbon

3. Which of the following properties is generally the least useful in identifying minerals?

A. Hardness C. CleavageB. Streak D. Luster

1. The appearances or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral is called _____.

A. Streak C. CleavageB. Color D. Luster

2. The color of the powdered form of a mineral is called _____.

A. Cleavage C. LusterB. Streak D. Fracture

3. Mohs scale is used to determine what property of minerals?

A. Cleavage C. HardnessB. Density D. Luster

Review Day 41. What determines the properties of a mineral?

A. Size and shape

B. Composition and age

C. Composition and structure

D. Structure and size

2. The three groups of rocks are classified by ______.

A. Color C. Chemical composition

B. Grain size D. How they formed

3. What type of rocks are formed by processes powered by the sun?

A. Metamorphic rocks C. Igneous rocks

B. Sedimentary rocks D. None

1. Which of the following is an example of an extrusive igneous rock?

A. Rhyolite C. Andesite

B. Granite D. Coal

2. A rock that forms from cooling lava is classified as an _________.

A. Intrusive Ign. C. Extrusive Ign.

B. Extrusive Meta. D. Intrusive Volcanic

3. Which of the following represents the correct order of the processes involved in sedimentary rock formation?

A. Erosion, weathering, compaction, cementation, deposition

B. Compaction, cementation, deposition, weathering, erosion

C. Deposition, cementation, compaction, erosion, weathering

D. Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

Review Day 51. Fossils are only found in ____.

A. Intrusive Ign. C. SedimentaryB. Foliated Met. D. Nonfoliated Met.

2. Renewable resources _____.A. Can be replenished over timeB. Are all living resourcesC. Have finite supplies that will one day be used upD. Include iron, natural gas, and copper

3. Which of the following energy resource might replace dwindling petroleum supplies one day?

A. Coal and natural gas C. Oil shale and tar sands

B. Tar sands and uranium D. Wind and coal

1. Which of the following is a problem associated with the increased use of nuclear energy?

A. Cost of building safe nuclear facilitiesB. Major hazards involved in waste disposalC. Concern over the possibility of a serious nuclear

accidentD. All of the above

2. It is estimated that, in the future, wind energy could produce what % of the nations demand for electricity?

A. 80-85% C. 70-75%B. 5-10% D. 25-30%

3. Wind power generates _____.A. Noise pollution C. Water pollutionB. Air pollution D. Soil pollution

Review Day 6

1. What amount of Earth’s total water supply is usable fresh water?

A. 25% C. 50%B. Less than 1% D. 75%

2. The Clean Water Act ____.A. Requires pollution control devices on cars and power plantsB. Established National Ambient Air Quality StandardsC. Set max. containment levels for pollutants in drinking waterD. Required industries to reduce/eliminate point source pollution

3. Which of the following weathering processes involves the constant freezing and thawing of water?

A. Unloading C. exfoliationB. Frost wedging D. spheroidal weathering

1. What type of mechanical weathering is most common in mountainous regions in the middle latitudes?

A. Frost wedging C. Oxidation

B. Biological activityD. Unloading

2. Which of the following is NOT a major component of soil?

A. Mineral matter C. Humus

B. Air D. Earthworms

3. A soil’s texture is determined by _____.A. Mineral composition C. Water content

B. Type of Humus D. Particle size

Review Day 7

1. The main source of organic matter in soil is _____.A. Water C. Fungi

B. Plants D. Bacteria

2. Which of the following human activities has caused an increase in soil erosion?

A. Clear-cut logging C. Plowing land for farming

B. Clearing land for construction D. all the above

3. What is the force behind mass movements?A. The Sun’s energy C. Gravity

B. Flowing water D. Moving ice

1. Icebergs are produced when large pieces of ice break off from the front of a glacier during a process called ______.

A. Wastage C. AccumulationB. Plucking D. Calving

2. One characteristic of glacial movement is that ____.

A. All glaciers, regardless of size, move at about the same rate

B. New snowfall accumulates at the bottom of the glacier

C. The zone of wasting is at the top of the glacierD. The movement depends on the balance between

accumulation and wastage3. What is the zone above the snowline on a

glacier called? Zone of ______A. Accumulation C. WastingB. Melting D. Crevasses

Review Day 8

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true about weathering in deserts?

A. Most weathering in deserts is physical weatheringB. There are this soils in desertsC. The red color of soil and rocks in deserts is caused by chemical

weatheringD. There is no chemical weathering in deserts

2. Deflation affected the Dust Bowl in the 1930’s by ____.A. Lowering the land C. Building up sand dunesB. Creating rock pinnacles D. Depositing sand/gravel

3. How does wind transport sand grains?A. Mainly as part of the suspended loadB. By saltation as part of the bed loadC. Wind transports sand grains only during dust stormsD. Equal quantities are transported suspended in the air as bed load

1. Windblown silt that blankets a landscape is called ____.

A. Blowout C. Desert pavementB. Sand dune D. Loess

2. An earthquake’s magnitude is a measure of the ____.

A. Size of seismic waves it producesB. Amount of shaking it producesC. Number of surface waves it producesD. Damage it causes

3. The amount of shaking produced by an earthquake at a given location is called the ____.

A. Intensity C. EpicenterB. Magnitude D. Richter magnitude

Review Day 9

1. What layers of Earth make up the lithosphere?A. Crust/lower mantle C. Continental/ocean crust

B. Crust/upper manlte D. upper/lower mantle

2. Earth’s thin, rocky outer layer is its ____.A. Core C. Outer Core

B. Mantle D. Crust

3. The Moho is ____.A. The boundary between the outer/inner core

B. Boundary between the crust and mantle

C. The material of which the mantle is composed

D. An area of the mantle that will not transmit seismic waves

1. Most of the information about Earths interior was obtained by studying ____.

A. Earthquake wavesB. Rocks of the ocean crustC. MeteoritesD. Rocks in deep welts

2. Earth’s inner core is solid because of ____. A. Its composition C. TemperaturesB. Diameter D. Pressure

3. The greatest concentration of metals occurs in Earth’s _____.

A. Oceanic crust C. CoreB. Continental crust D. Mantle

Review Day 101. An example of a geologic event that could be

recorded in rocks is ___.A. Civil war C. Volcanic eruptionB. Sun spots D. Lunar Eclipse

2. The geological processes that shape Earth’s features today ____.

A. Basically the same C. did not operate in the pastB. Much different D. became important recently

3. Fossils are the ___.A. Oldest layers of rock in a regionB. Remains or traces of prehistoric lifeC. Living creatures with habitats in rockD. Objects that people of long ago left behind

1. Organisms with hard parts stand a good chance of being fossilized if they are ___.

A. Rapidly decomposed by bacteriaB. Slowly buried by sedimentsC. Rapidly eaten by scavengersD. Rapidly buried by sediments

2. The task of using fossils to match up rocks of similar ages in different areas is called ____.

A. Succession C. GeologyB. Correlation D. Fossilization

3. When did abundant fossil evidence appear in the geologic record?

A. 2.7 billion years agoC. 540 million years agoB. 1 billion years ago D. 100 billion years ago

Review Day 111. How old is Earth? ______ years old

A. 2 billion C. 16 millionB. 4.6 million D. 4.56 billion

2. Which span of geologic time spans cover about 88% of Earth’s history?

A. Cenozoic C. PaleozoicB. Mesozoic D. Precambrian

3. Some continents contain large core areas of Precambrian rocks called ____.

A. Plates C. PlateausB. Rifts D. Shields

1. Which of the following gases was NOT part of Earth’s original atmosphere?

A. Water vapor C. Nitrogen

B. Oxygen D. Carbon dioxide

2. Which era immediately follows the Precambrian?

A. Paleozoic C. Cenozoic

B. Mesozoic D. Tertiary

3. When did abundant fossil evidence 1st appear in the geologic record? _____ years ago

A. 5 billion C. 300 million

B. 540 million D. 3 billion

Review Day 12

1. What important event in animal evolution marks the beginning of the Cambrian?

A. Appearance of hard parts C. ability to swimB. Ability to fly D. Appearance of fossils

2. What event may have triggered the great Paleozoic extinction?

A. Climatic change C. changes in Earth’s orbitB. Meteorite strike D. Heightened solar activity

3. The current geologic period is called the _____.

A. Mesozoic C. QuaternaryB. Tertiary D. Silurian

1. What caused many events of mountain building, volcanism, and earthquakes in western N. America?

A. Plate interactions C. GlaciersB. Extinctions D. Meteor collisions

2. Mammals became dominant only after ____.A. Continental glaciers retreatedB. Dinosaurs became extinctC. Inland seas dried upD. The Cenozoic Era ended

3. Approximately how much of the Earth’s surface is covered by land?

A. 30 % C. 60 %B. 50 % D. 70 %

Review Day 13

1. Approximately when did the ocean become an important area of study?

A. 200 years ago C. 1000 years ago B. 500 years ago D. 2000 years ago

2. Which of the following is NOT considered one of the 4 major oceans?

A. Atlantic C. IndianB. Pacific D. Antarctic

3. What technology do scientists use to measure ocean depth?

A. Sonar C. RopeB. Laser D. Submersible

Final Exam Cards

• Final Exam Study Cards are due on Friday January 15, 2009 along with all the questions you copied.

• No copied questions – No study card for test!!!!!!!

• The Final Exam will be posted online on Wed. January 13 from 3pm-midnight. After then you will not be able to access it. This is in case you missed any days of class.