CS1001CS1001

Lecture 27Lecture 27

OverviewOverview

SummarySummary Final Exam ReviewFinal Exam Review

ReadingReading

Read thoroughly:Read thoroughly:– Chapters 10, 11 (esp 11.2/11.3, 10.3)Chapters 10, 11 (esp 11.2/11.3, 10.3)– All Logic HandoutsAll Logic Handouts– 5.1 – 5.5 (on programming)5.1 – 5.5 (on programming)– Chapter 3 (networkingChapter 3 (networking– Chapter 6 (less thoroughly)Chapter 6 (less thoroughly)

Be familiar withBe familiar with– Chapter 2, Chapter 9, Semantic Web, Web Chapter 2, Chapter 9, Semantic Web, Web

DesignDesign

Other MaterialOther Material

Slides: History, linksSlides: History, links Concentrate on second half of the Concentrate on second half of the

coursecourse There will be one algorithm described There will be one algorithm described

using Java. You will need to read the using Java. You will need to read the algorithm and determine what it is algorithm and determine what it is doing. This will be much less technical doing. This will be much less technical than the Java questions in the past than the Java questions in the past examexam

ReviewReview

These slides are your guideThese slides are your guide The TAs will review further (as of The TAs will review further (as of

now, during office hours)now, during office hours) Possibly an additional session Possibly an additional session

next weeknext week

EvaluationsEvaluations

Fill out your course evaluations online!Fill out your course evaluations online! Very different curriculum than past Very different curriculum than past

years – it needs refinementyears – it needs refinement This course should give you some This course should give you some

basics of Computer Science on the basics of Computer Science on the non-technical front while giving you non-technical front while giving you enough programming to take 1003 or enough programming to take 1003 or 10071007

http://http://oracle.seas.columbia.eduoracle.seas.columbia.edu

The OverviewThe Overview

Try to pay particular attention to Try to pay particular attention to how the ideas in the course all how the ideas in the course all influence each otherinfluence each other– Example: Usability influences how Example: Usability influences how

we design software (user-centered we design software (user-centered design) which in turn influences design) which in turn influences programming languages we useprogramming languages we use

Core AreasCore Areas

Math/Theory/LogicMath/Theory/Logic Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence Database SystemsDatabase Systems NetworksNetworks Design, ModelingDesign, Modeling Computer Architecture, TransistorsComputer Architecture, Transistors HistoryHistory

QuestionsQuestions

HistoryHistory– Know the contributions of the historical Know the contributions of the historical

characters in the slides. You may be characters in the slides. You may be asked to compare the work of two of asked to compare the work of two of them. Stick to Babbage and laterthem. Stick to Babbage and later

ArchitectureArchitecture– Concentrate on how modern electronics Concentrate on how modern electronics

might limit progress in terms of speedmight limit progress in terms of speed

QuestionsQuestions

NetworkingNetworking– Be familiar with protocols and be Be familiar with protocols and be

prepared to evaluate a communication prepared to evaluate a communication method between two partiesmethod between two parties

– For example “Say Alice and Bob want For example “Say Alice and Bob want to communicate yes/no responses…” to communicate yes/no responses…” be prepared to evaluate a sample be prepared to evaluate a sample communication protocolcommunication protocol

QuestionsQuestions

Design/ModelingDesign/Modeling– Be prepared to evaluate a sample Be prepared to evaluate a sample

interface. Think critically about the interface. Think critically about the potential userspotential users

– Be prepared to critique a model or Be prepared to critique a model or flowchart of a given problemflowchart of a given problem

– Be prepared to think about how a Be prepared to think about how a study might be flawed due to human study might be flawed due to human psychological factorspsychological factors

QuestionsQuestions

JavaJava– Describe what a program does given a Java Describe what a program does given a Java

code samplecode sample TheoryTheory

– Natural deduction: like Homework (rules will Natural deduction: like Homework (rules will be provided)be provided)

– Halting problem: try to understand this proof!Halting problem: try to understand this proof!– Non-deterministic (uncomputable or Non-deterministic (uncomputable or

paradoxical) versus non-deterministic in paradoxical) versus non-deterministic in polynomial timepolynomial time

QuestionsQuestions

Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence– Describe and algorithm to accomplish Describe and algorithm to accomplish

an AI task (similar to midterm, but your an AI task (similar to midterm, but your instruction set will be more flexible and instruction set will be more flexible and “high-level”)“high-level”)

– Semantic networks (as in the Semantic networks (as in the homework)homework)

DatabasesDatabases– Centralization/DecentralizationCentralization/Decentralization– Data mining, statistical trend findingData mining, statistical trend finding

A TimelineA Timeline

(500 BCE – 500AD) Math is a branch of (500 BCE – 500AD) Math is a branch of philosophy; Logic is philosophy. Paradox philosophy; Logic is philosophy. Paradox is identified, but math (geometry) is is identified, but math (geometry) is considered perfect and rational. Pi, considered perfect and rational. Pi, irrational numbers are troubling but not irrational numbers are troubling but not seen as serious problemsseen as serious problems

(500AD – 1600’s) Philosophy and (500AD – 1600’s) Philosophy and Mathematical logic mingle to form Mathematical logic mingle to form theories of rhetoric. Theories of theories of rhetoric. Theories of structured discourse developedstructured discourse developed

A TimelineA Timeline

(Renaissance, Baroque… until (Renaissance, Baroque… until 1600’s) Geometry (Math), Logic, 1600’s) Geometry (Math), Logic, Public Speaking, Poetry, Painting, Public Speaking, Poetry, Painting, Sculpture, Music all unified under the Sculpture, Music all unified under the guise of creating perfect and rational guise of creating perfect and rational forms of human expression. This forms of human expression. This ordered expression is seen as a ordered expression is seen as a divine gift (the unordered is seen as divine gift (the unordered is seen as undesirable)undesirable)

A TimelineA Timeline

Formal study of rhetoric incorporated into Formal study of rhetoric incorporated into many theories of art. J.S. Bach, likens many theories of art. J.S. Bach, likens non-perfect intervals (those with non-perfect intervals (those with irrational ratios) to “devilish hubub”irrational ratios) to “devilish hubub”

Newtonian Mechanics allows precise Newtonian Mechanics allows precise prediction of the physical worldprediction of the physical world

Overarching Theme: Divine influence Overarching Theme: Divine influence creates order. Creativity is divine creates order. Creativity is divine influence using a human being as a influence using a human being as a vesselvessel

A TimelineA Timeline

The classical period (1700’s) starts to The classical period (1700’s) starts to shift the creative drive away from shift the creative drive away from divine influence and instead to divine influence and instead to enlightened individualsenlightened individuals

A time of empowerment for humans – A time of empowerment for humans – more control over their own destines more control over their own destines (Protestantism, etc)(Protestantism, etc)

Math forks from philosophy to become Math forks from philosophy to become a tool for human advancementa tool for human advancement

A TimelineA Timeline

The romantic period (late 1700’s early The romantic period (late 1700’s early 1800’s) forks creativity (and along with it 1800’s) forks creativity (and along with it art, music, etc) from philosophy and art, music, etc) from philosophy and mathematics. Raw, uncontrollable emotion mathematics. Raw, uncontrollable emotion becomes the focus of creativitybecomes the focus of creativity

Mathematics becomes increasingly Mathematics becomes increasingly complex as physical discoveries call for complex as physical discoveries call for increased useincreased use

Philosophy and Rhetoric fall back to more Philosophy and Rhetoric fall back to more academic interestsacademic interests

A TimelineA Timeline

Romantic/Victorian periods see Romantic/Victorian periods see the rise of mechanics into the the rise of mechanics into the 1900’s. Industry/production 1900’s. Industry/production champions human innovationchampions human innovation

Art switches from the emotional Art switches from the emotional to the fantastic – new sounds, to the fantastic – new sounds, visions, etc are created to visions, etc are created to celebrate human innovationcelebrate human innovation

A TimelineA Timeline

1920’s, 30’s, 40’s – Turmoil1920’s, 30’s, 40’s – Turmoil Schrodinger, Einstein, Heisenberg Schrodinger, Einstein, Heisenberg

discover serious problems our discover serious problems our reasoning of the physical worldreasoning of the physical world

Goedel discovers serious problems in Goedel discovers serious problems in mathematical reasoningmathematical reasoning

World wars fueled by (among many World wars fueled by (among many things) religious conflict and things) religious conflict and technological uncertaintytechnological uncertainty

A TimelineA Timeline We are now just recovering from We are now just recovering from

enormous scientific uncertainty in the enormous scientific uncertainty in the early/mid 20early/mid 20thth century. Electronics has century. Electronics has fueled enormous progress in conquering fueled enormous progress in conquering practical problems, but theory has moved practical problems, but theory has moved more slowlymore slowly

Digital computers have allowed us to Digital computers have allowed us to optimizeoptimize and solve problems very quickly, and solve problems very quickly, but they are just fast versions of the but they are just fast versions of the mechanical devices a century agomechanical devices a century ago

A TimelineA Timeline

This weakness was brought out by the This weakness was brought out by the hunt for Artificial Intelligence. As should hunt for Artificial Intelligence. As should be expected, this is still a formidable be expected, this is still a formidable problemproblem

AI is being solved by statistical methodsAI is being solved by statistical methods Problems in computability now being Problems in computability now being

addressed by addressed by the very samethe very same physical physical phenomena that caused the breakdown phenomena that caused the breakdown in physics – Quantum Mechanics. in physics – Quantum Mechanics. Quantum computing holds promise in Quantum computing holds promise in efficiently solving some of the most efficiently solving some of the most complex problems knowncomplex problems known

Thank YouThank You