Post on 02-Jun-2018
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Plastic AerosolsWhen Safety meets Style
Dr. Hartmut Schiemann P&G Service GmbH
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Plastic Aerosols A History
1951-1955: First non-metallic aerosols made of uncoated glass=> establishment of limits across the world(4 fl.oz. =118 ml in US, 100 ml in Japan, 150 ml in Europe etc.)
however, many countries did not differentiate=> same criteria for metal and plastic
1956: 19 ml (bakelite)
1958-1980: different types of opaque plastics in small sizes
1980-1990: transparent and opacified PET cans developed
1997: Cans made of PEN and PET/PEN developed
Regulations worldwide recognize:PET, PEN, Nylon, Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol (EVOH) or their blends
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Plastic Aerosol Facts
European AerosolProduction 2004-2007
Can material shares in % Plastic is almost
exclusively PET(glass is negligible)
Trend: increasingproduction of deodorants,which require aluminiumcans with specific coating
(epoxy)
Increase in plastic is notreally significant
62,7
37,1
0,2
54,19
45,45
0,36
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Tin Plate Aluminum Plastic (&Glass)
2004
200
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Plastic Cans => Possibilities?
Transparent ?
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Stylish shapes ?
Plastic Cans => Possibilities?
Learn from beverages?
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Plastic Aerosol Myths
Plastic is cheaper than metal
Plastic can be shaped more attractively
Plastic has a better corrosion resistancethan metal
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Plastic Aerosol Myths
Plastic is cheaper than metal
Plastic can be much more expensive than metalDont compare beverage bottles!
Plastic can be shaped more attractively
Today: Difficulties to shape plastic cans more attractively=> cost!!!
Plastic has a better corrosion resistance
than metalPlastic has a better corrosion resistance than metal, but
permeation is a show stopper in many cases.Be aware of UV rays
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Safety for all Aerosol Packs
All aerosol packs shall withstand a temperature up to50C
No leak shall occur The container shall not burst
Increase in temperature causes an increase in pressureMechanical resistance up to at least 50C
There must be no possibility that the mechanicalresistance of the aerosol dispenser can be impaired bythe action of the substances contained in it, even duringprolonged storage.
Long term chemical resistance
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Legal state of the art in Europe
ADD 75/324/EEC and revision in 2008:
Requirements for Plastic are the same as for Glass
Plastic aerosol dispensers which may splinter on burstingshall be treated in the same way as unprotected glass
aerosol dispensers.
Plastic aerosol dispensers which cannot splinter on bursting
shall be treated in the same way as glass aerosol dispenserswith a protective coating.
This is a consequence of history: First aerosols had been made of metal and glass
Plastic had been considered only later; many applications
failed in market
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Legal state of the art globally
British Standard BS 5597:1991
Several exemptions in US and Canada based on BS5597:1991
Key message:Plastic aerosol cans fulfilling the same requirements (andsome more) can have the same maximum brimful volume asmetal cans (1000 ml) and can be filled the same way asmetal cans (maximum pressures of 13.5 bar at 55C,adapted in US 160 psig at 130F and Canada 1105 kPa=11.03 bar at 55C)
Therefore basic reference for all recent amendments ofstandards in US, Canada and on the way in Europe
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Legal state of the art globally
ADR (European Agreement concerning the International Carriage ofDangerous Goods by Road)
Plastic aerosol cans can be made of any plastic/syntheticmaterial
Brimful volume up to 500 ml Max. pressure 1.32 MPa at 50C
Other references
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code)
Regulations concerning the International Carriage ofDangerous Goods by Rail (RID)
ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization)
Plastic is only PET, PEN, Nylon and/or EVOR (combinations)
More detailed and specific requirements, including ageingaspects and drop test
Brimful volume up to 500 ml, but only for non-flammable, non-toxic gas and contents; otherwise 120 ml only
Max. pressure 974 kPa at 55C
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Important criteria on Plastic Cans (1)
Drop test
has been even expanded to respect approaches of other
regulations (e.g. different temperatures from ICAO) Area for drop test (concrete floor) like Standard ISO 2248;
Same height of 1.8 m for single containers/aerosol packs and
transport packs
All drop test shall be at required temperature (different to ISO
16104, where 5 minutes transfer time are permitted from
conditioning environment to test area)
Temperature at 18C after 24 hours conditioning
55C after 6 hours conditioning
40C additionally for aerosol packs after 3 months conditioning
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Important criteria on Plastic Cans (2)
Waterbath testing is difficult for plastic cans, especially drying withhot air afterwards
Alternative test methods to hot water bath apply and arerecommended
Additional hot air test:5 hours at test temperature that will be fixed at 7C below thecontainer materials glass transition temperature (Tg). However
the test temperature will not be lower than 65C and not higherthan 75C
This test shall also ensure that no material is selected that doesnot fulfill what metal cans normally provide by their natural
temperature resistance.
This test is not included in legal proposals (to maintain alignmentof legal requirements with those for metal cans)
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Requirements for Aerosol Packs
Metal Uncoated glass/splintering plastic
Coated glass/ nonsplintering plastic
Plastic - Proposal
Maximum Capacity
(brimful)
1000 ml 150 ml 220 ml 1000 ml
Filling pressure at 50C
depending onpropellant (liqufied,
solved or compressed
gas)
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Summary
Plastic Aerosol Cans are in market today
Current legislation allows worldwide plastic cans up to
500 ml brimful volume (except Europe and parts of Asia) European Commission asked for harmonization with
global regulations in 2005
Recently Plastic Cans up to 1000 ml brimful volumebecame standard in North America, based on BritishStandard
FEA supports Plastic Cans up to 1000 ml and increasedpressure up to 15 bar (13.2 bar at least) => no differentrequirements compared to metal cans
Target to amend European Directive is 2011
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Questions ?
Happy to answer questions, if needed:
Dr. Hartmut SchiemannProcter & Gamble Service GmbH
Berliner Allee 65
D-64274 DarmstadtGermany
E-mail: schiemann.h@pg.comTel.: +49 170 893 4190