Post on 10-Feb-2017
Fiber Optic ConnectorsDesigns, Applications, Choices
November 21, 2013
Dave Cook – RCDD
Product Marketing Manager Communication Markets Division
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
Fiber Optics Technology Consortium• Overview:
• Part of the Telecommunications Industry Association (www.tiaonline.org)
• Formed 19 years ago as the Fiber Optics LAN Section
• Mission: to provide current, reliable, and vendor neutral information about fiber optics and related technologies for advancing new and better communications solutions.
www.tiafotc.org
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
Fiber Optics Technology ConsortiumCurrent Members
• 3M• AFL/Noyes Fiber Systems• Berk-Tek, a Nexans
Company• Corning• CommScope• Fluke Networks• General Cable
• Leviton• OFS• Ortronics/legrand• Panduit• Sumitomo Electric
Lightwave• Superior Essex• TE Connectivity• Tellabs
www.tiafotc.org
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
• Recent Webinars Available on Demand– Standards-based design & testing of Passive Optical LAN Solutions– The Future VSCEL-LOMMF landscape in data centers– Optical Fiber & Cabling Standards for tomorrow’s data center
• Visit www.tiafotc.org or our channel on BrightTalk
Webinars are eligible for CEC credit for up to two years after they are first broadcast. Email liz@goldsmithpr.com if you have completed a webinar and want to receive your CEC.
www.tiafotc.org
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
Outline of Topics• Introduction • Intro to optical fiber construction• Parameters of a clear fiber connection• Methods to achieve an acceptable fiber end face • Alphabet Soup, the popular connectors used in the US• Methods of termination• The tools and training required• Testing and acceptance of the connector• Summary
www.tiafotc.org
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
Core900 micronTight Buffered Fiber
Introduction to Optical Fiber Construction• Light transmits down the core, within the cladding• Fibers are protected by a primary coating• Cable protects the fiber with buffer, aramid yarn and jacketing
www.tiafotc.org
CORE / CLADDING (microns)
62.5 / 125 50 / 125 50 / 125 Laser-optimized
9 / 125
Multimode
Singlemode
Fiber
Buffer
Yarn
Jacket
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortiumwww.tiafotc.org
TIA-568-C Recognized Fibers and Supported Distances
Source TIA-568-C.0-2August 2012
Application 850 1300 850 1300 850 1300 850 1300 1310 1490 1550
Ethernet10/100BASE-SX
300(984)
- 300(984)
- 300(984)
- 300(984)
-
Ethernet1000BASE-LX
- 550(1804)
- 550(1804)
- 550(1804)
- 550(1804)
5,000(16405)
- -
GPON Class B+(ITU-T G.984)
Ethernet10GBASE-S
33(108)
- 82(269)
- 300(984)
- 400(1312)
-
Ethernet10GBASE-LX4
-300
(984)-
300(984)
-300
(984)-
300(984)
10,000(32810)
- -
TIA 492CAAA (OS1)and
TIA 492CAAB (OS2)
20,000(65620)
Dispersion unshifted singlemode and low-water-
peak50/125 um62.5/125 um
TIA 492AAAA(OM1)
TIA 492AAAB(OM2)
TIA 492AAAC(OM3)
TIA 492AAAD(OM4)
Supp
orta
ble
Dist
ance
m (ft
)Fiber Type
Fiber Standard(ISO Category)
Nominal Wavelength (nm)
850 nm laser-optimized50/125
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
Parameters of a clear fiber connection• The optical fiber end face finish• Impediments to clear light transmission
– Fiber alignment is most critical– Air gap results in a 0.35 dB loss at least, growing worse from there
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/ CRACK
Issues affecting splice performance Issues affecting connector performance
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
Methods to Achieve Acceptable Fiber End Face
• Optical fiber cleaving (splice)• Optical fiber polishing (connector)• End face finishes
– Physical Contact (PC)– Ultra Physical Contact (UPC)– 8 Angled Physical Contact (APC)
www.tiafotc.org
UPC end face
APC end face
CleaverField Polish Factory Machine Polish
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
Connector Ferrule and Fiber End-Face Geometry
• Geometry is critical to the fiber to fiber connector interface
• Connector spring force with proper geometry provides optical contact
• Assures contact in extreme conditions, -40C to +85C
• Geometry of ferrule is factory produced
www.tiafotc.org
End-Face Dome
Ferrule
Undercut FiberProtruding Fiber
Apex Offset
Radius
Fiber Center
Dome Center
Main Components in Connector Anatomy
Ferrule
Ferrule / Collar Assembly
Yarn and / or cable strain relief
Strain relief boot
Fiber capillary
Connector Body
Outer Coupling Shell
• Ferrule to Ferrule connection for low loss fiber alignment. Support of fiber for end face finishing.• Connector body materials chosen for stable temperature performance• Body and Coupling shell provides robust connection to equipment and coupling/adapter• Cable strain relief for robust cable tensile load, and twist resistance• Strain relief boot for side pull bend control• Consider size and type of cable to be terminated to chose proper part number
– 900 um Buffered, 1.6 mm to 3.0 mm jacketed with Aramid Yarn
Connector Performance RequirementsANSI/TIA-568-C.3
• Attenuation (Light Loss)– Multimode and Singlemode maximum 0.75 dB
• Return Loss (Reflection)– Multimode minimum 20 dB– Singlemode minimum 26 dB– Singlemode broadband analog video minimum 55 dB
• Low Temperature -10 C (14 F)• Temperature Life +60 C (140 F)• Humidity• Impact• Strength of coupling mechanism• Durability• Cable Retention• Flex• Twist
Fiber to Fiber End Face Alignment
Ferrule
Ferrule / Collar Assembly
Yarn and / or cable strain relief
Strain relief boot
Fiber capillary
Connector Body
Outer Coupling Shell
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortiumwww.tiafotc.org
Typical Connector Types Field Termination• ST connector, 2.5mm ceramic ferrule, bayonet• SC connector, 2.5mm ceramic ferrule, push/pull• LC connector, 1.25mm ceramic ferrule, push/latch
– ½ size of SC for greater density
• MPO connector, rectangular ferrule for typ. 12/24 fibers, push/pull• UPC – Ultra Physical Contact < -55dB reflection• APC – Angle Physical Contact < -65dB reflection
SC / UPC
SC / APCLC / UPC
ST
MPO
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
Methods of Field Termination
• Adhesive polish• Fusion splice-on• Mechanical splice-on• Cleave and Crimp
www.tiafotc.org
Connector Termination Methods
• SC Adhesive and Polish
• Two part Epoxy injected with syringe• Hot Melt adhesive factory injected• Two part Anaerobic adhesive
Press button by thumbto activate splice
Figure-eight Polish
Adhesive Strain relief boot
Cable Crimp
Field cable with stripped and cleaved fiber
Ceramic Ferrule and Collar
Adhesive bead
• SC Fusion Splice-On
AFL FuseConnectCleaver
Connector Termination Methods
Pre-polished ferrule and fiber
Factory cleaved fiber
Splice protection sleeve
Fusion splice point
Yarn and / or cable strain relief
Field cable with stripped and cleaved fiber
Strain relief boot
Grip cable jacket with screw on, hard
shell boot
• SC Mechanical Splice-On
Grip aramid fiberin boot threads
Press button by thumbto activate splice
Connector Termination Methods
Pre-polished ferrule and fiber
Factory cleaved fiber
Mechanical splice element
Mechanical splice point
Yarn and / or cable strain relief
Strain relief bootBuffer Clamp
Field cable with stripped and cleaved fiber
• SC Mechanical Crimp - On
Cleaver
Connector Termination Methods
Fast field finish
Mechanical gripping element
No spliceNo adhesive
Strain relief boot
Buffer Clamp
Field cable with stripped and cleaved fiber
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
The Tools and Training Required• Connector tool kits
– Most often kits are specific to the vendor’s connector products– Usually contain common fiber prep tools and vendor specific tools
www.tiafotc.org
The Tools and Training Required• Termination training
– Read and follow the instruction manual– Many times different vendors have similar processes but likely also
have differences
• Training– FOTC Seminar– BICSI Cert. Trainers– Independent Schools– Vendors– On-line videos
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
MPO Connectors
o Multimode and Singlemodeo Multi-fiber backbone cable o Data Centero Parallel Optics
o 10 G Fibre Channelo 40 G and 100 G IEEE standard
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FerruleBoot KeyAlignment Pins
Adapter Sleeve 12 Fiber End Face
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
TIA568-C.3 StandardsMPO Polarity
Patch cords shown are unpinned on both ends
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Key Up
Key UpKey Up
Key Up
Key Down
Key Down
Fiber Position Fiber Position
112
112
112
112
112
Type A
Type B
Type C214365871091211
Pre-terminated Cable Assemblies
ADVANTAGESo Factory built and testedo Factory test results includedo No field tools requiredo Minimal training / skillo Efficient installation
FEATURESo Various lengths availableo Factory terminated without splicingo Usually include pulling eye and
protection sock over connectorso Multi-fiber backbone cable, Data Centero Parallel Optics
o 10 G Fibre Channelo 40 G and 100 G IEEE standard
MPO to SC/APC MPO to MPO
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
Clean and Inspect
• Cleaning kits with specialized fluids and wipes
• Inspection scopes• Always before testing and
connecting
www.tiafotc.org
www.TIAFOTC.org Preventing Network Failure by Inspecting and Cleaning Fiber Optic Connectors
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
Testing and Acceptance of the Connector
• OLTS – Optical Loss Test Set– Measure attenuation (light loss)
• OTDR – Optical Time Domain Reflectometer– Measure distance, attenuation and return loss of fiber
events (connectors and splices)
www.tiafotc.org
www.TIAFOTC.org Tier 1 and Tier 2 Testing, Troubleshooting and Documentation
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
Testing and Acceptance of the Connector
www.tiafotc.org
TIA Accepted Performance Vendors Typical Performance
Attenuation (Light Loss)
Multimode Max 0.75 dB 0.20 to 0.30 dB
Singlemode Max 0.75 dB 0.20 to 0.30 dB
Return Loss (Reflection)
Multimode Min 20.0 dB 30.0 dB
Singlemode Min
PC
Field Mount PC 26.0 dB 40.0 to 55.0 dB
Factory UPC 26.0 dB 55.0 dB
APC
Field Mount APC 26.0 dB 55.0 to 65.0 dB
Factory APC 26.0 dB 65.0 dB
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
Summary• Choose the connector ST, SC, LC, MPO• Singlemode or Multimode
– Multimode 62.5, 50, 50 laser optimized• Termination Method and Tools
– Adhesive, Splice-on, Crimp-on• Pre-terminated (factory termination)• TIA -568-C.3 performance compliance• Clean, Clean, Clean• Testwww.tiafotc.org
Dave Cook Communication Markets Divisionddcook@mmm.com
TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium
Q&A
• Please ask your questions using the tab at the top of your screen.
• You can download a copy of this presentation from the attachments tab.
To receive your CEC, please email Liz@goldsmithpr.com
www.tiafotc.org