Post on 10-Aug-2020
Female Reproductive SystemFEMALE
Primary Sex Organs for two sexes
• Gonads
– Ovaries in female
– Testes in male
• Gametes
•Ovum or eggs in female
•Sperms in male
Chromosomes
Chromosomes
• Autosomes• 46 Chromosomes, 23 Pairs in somatic cells
– Diploid (2N)
• Sex chromosomes• 23 chromosomes in gametes
• Haploid (1N)
• Female: XX chromosomes
• Male: XY chromosomes
More terminology
• Fertilization
• Zygote
• Cell division
– Mitosis
– Meiosis
Function of Female Reproductive System
A. Production of eggs
B. Site of fertilization and fetal development
C. Fetal nourishment, birth and lactation
D. Secretion of hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
Secondary/Accessory Organs
• Female
– Uterine Tubes
– Uterus
– Vagina
– External genitalia
28-6
Figure 28.1
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Uterine tube
Urinary bladder
Ovary
Uterus
Rectum
Pubic symphysis
Fimbriae
Anterior fornix
Cervix of uterus
Anus
Posterior fornix
Prepuce
Labium minus
Labium majus
Mons pubis
Urethra
Peritoneum
Clitoris
Round ligamentVesicouterine
pouchRectouterine
pouch
Vaginal rugae
Vaginal orifice
Figure 28.8a
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Vaginal orifice
Clitoris
Mons pubis
Hymen
Labium majus
Labium minus
(a)
Urethral
orifice
Female external genitalia
Ovarian arteryOvarian vein
Ovary
Mesometrium
Fimbriae
Endometrium
Myometrium
Cervix
Uterine
tube
Suspensory
ligament
Ovarian
ligament
Vagina
Female Reproductive organs
Inside the ovary:
Oocyte Suspensory ligament
and blood vessels
Mature
follicle
Secondary
follicle
Primary
follicles
Primordial
follicles
Ovarian
ligament
Corpus
albicans
Corpus
luteum
Fimbriae
of uterine
tube
Ovulated
oocyte
Ovarian Follicles
Uterine (Fallopian) tubes
Ovary
BodyFundusIsthmusAmpullaInfundibulum
Fimbriae
EndometriumInternal os
Myometrium
Lateral fornix
Cervix
Cervical canal
External os
Uterine
tube
Vagina
The Uterus
fundus
BodyUterine cavityInternal osCervix
External osvagina
Uterine wall:
Mammary glands
Suspensory
ligament
Lobules
Lobe
Adipose tissue
Nipple
Lactiferous sinus
Lactiferous duct
RibIntercostal musclesPectoralis minorPectoralis majorFascia
Lactating breast
Adipose tissue
Suspensory
ligaments
Lobe
Lobules
Areolar glands
Areola
Nipple
Lactiferous sinus
Lactiferous ducts
Development of germ cell
A. Oogonia (2n)
B. Primary oocyte (2n)
C. Secondary oocyte (n)
Primaryoocyte
Secondary oocyte
SecondaryFollicle
MatureFollicle ovulation
expelled
contains
contains
Primary
follicle
Endoscopic View of Ovulation
© Landrum B. Shettles, MD
Fimbriae
Oocyte
Stigma
Ovary
0.1 mm
Cumulus
oophorus
Infundibulum of
uterine tube
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
If sperms are present in the fallopian tube:
Sperm (n) + S. oocyte (n)
Fertilization
Zygote (2n)
Female reproductive cycles:
1. Ovarian cycle
2. Uterine/Menstrual cycle
Ovarian cycle:
• Associated with maturation of egg every month.
• Ovulation
• FSH and LH and estrogen regulates it.
• Three main events:
– Follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase
Menstrual Cycle
28-21
Figure 28.14b
Days 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 1
(b) Menstrual cycle
Menstrual phase Proliferative phase Secretory phase
Th
ickn
ess o
f en
do
metr
ium
Ov
ari
an
ho
rmo
ne s
ecre
tio
n
Estradiol
Premenstrual
phase
Progesterone
Menstrual
fluid
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Secretion
Myometrium(a) Proliferative phase (b) Secretory phase (c) Menstrual phase
Endometrial
gland
Stratum
functionalis
Stratum
basalis
Menstrual Cycle
Fig. 28.14
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Days 1 3 5 7 9 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 1
Days 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 1
(b) Menstrual cycle
(a) Ovarian cycle
LH
Developing follicles
PrimarySecondary
Ovulation
Luteal phaseFollicular phase
Corpus luteum Involution
Menstrual phase Proliferative phase Secretory phase
Th
ickn
ess o
f en
do
metr
ium
Ov
ari
an
ho
rmo
ne s
ecre
tio
nO
vari
an
ev
en
tsG
on
ad
otr
op
in s
ecre
tio
n
Estradiol
Progesterone
FSH
New primordial
follicles
Corpus
albicans
Tertiary
11
Premenstrual
phase
Menstrual
fluid