EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO FROM ABSTRACTION TO REALITY: Integrating Drama Management into a...

EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO

FROM ABSTRACTION TO REALITY:Integrating Drama Management into a Playable Game Experience

Anne Sullivan, Sherol Chen and Michael Mateas

Anne SullivanUniversity of California, Santa Cruzanne@soe.ucsc.eduhttp://soe.ucsc.edu/~anne/

EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ

Introduction

Application of DODM to real-time game

Initial user studies

Game Story Dilemma

Player agency vs. Authorial intent

Agency Intent

Declarative Optimization-based Drama Manager Bates (proposed 1992) Weyhrauch (developed 1997) Search-based

Expectimax

DODM – Theory

Stand-In Designer

Player agency Plot points

Authorial intent DM actions Evaluation features

DODM – Theory

Pick DM move with highest projected evaluation

Plot points

DM actions

Evaluation features

Sequence so far

Project possible futures

Evaluate projected histories

Backup projected history evaluations

DODM – Practice

EMPath

DODM – Practice

EMPath

DODM – Plot Points

Plot points

DM actions

Evaluation features…

DODM – Plot Points – Theory

Player choice Important events in game Author chosen Player activated

Examples:Killed monkey kingFound information about prisoner

DODM – Plot Points – Example

Kill monkey king

Leave monkey king

Player choice

Monkey King defeated plot point

DODM – Plot Points – Reality

Plot points move Spatial reasoning

What constitutes a plot point? Encounter monkey king Kill monkey king

DODM – DM Actions

Plot points

DM actions

DODM – DM Actions – Theory

DM choices Author control Changes the game Causer, Hint, Denier/Enabler

Examples:Lock door to boss roomDrop note after next enemy dies

DODM – DM Actions – Example

Deny Monkey King defeated

plot point

DM choice

temp_deny_monkey_king_defeated DM action

DODM – DM Actions – Reality

Non-static hint probabilities Hints move, calculated at runtime Example:

info from enemy

Non-trivial refiners DM actions during real-time play Player location matters Example:

deny_candle after monkey_king_defeated

DODM – Evaluation Features

Plot points

DM actions

DODM – Evaluation Features – Theory

Abstraction of author goals Multiple goals Examples:

Thought FlowManipulation

Used to evaluate story quality

DODM – Evaluation Features – Example

Plot Point:info_jailsubplot = jail

DM Action:info_guard_next_roomhints = info_guardsubplot = jail

Drama Manager (DM)

wants to maintain Thought Flow

DODM – Evaluation Features – Reality

Story Density Non-instantaneous travel Wandering – good and bad Room transition based metric 1 – 4 rooms between plot points

DODM – Story Density

Plot Point

This is bad

Plot point

Also bad

DODM – Player Models

Plot points

DM actions

Evaluation features

Weighted by probability of plot point occurrence

DODM – Player Models – Theory

Calculate probabilities of plot points Uniform distribution

Each plot point as likely to happen

DODM – Player Models – Reality

Plot points Map-based distribution

World Knowledge Random walks Unpredictable players

Plot Point

Player

Plot Point

World Knowledge User Model Accuracy

to_stai

plot point

uniform

world knowledge

real players

User Tests

Preliminary Tests

Drama Management On 11 users

Drama Management Off 10 users

Follow-up Interview

User Tests

Did the game make sense?

none of the time some of the time most of the time always

DM off

User Tests

Interview Results

left without questions could figure out what todo next

felt like events happenedunder their control

DM off

Conclusions

Drama Management works Preliminary user tests promising

Successful integration with game Framework changes

Interesting future work Scalability Authorship tools

Thank You

Questions?

EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO FROM ABSTRACTION TO REALITY: Integrating Drama Management into a...

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