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EXIT CHAPTER
1313CHAPTER
13.1 Streams and Rivers
13.2 Stream Erosion and Deposition
13.3 River Valleys
13.4 Flood Plains and Floods
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Surface Water
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A river system consists of a river and all of its
tributaries.
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VOCABULARY
The drainage basin of a river system is all the land
that is drained by the river and its tributaries. A
river’s velocity, gradient, discharge, and channel
shape affect how it erodes and transports
materials.
13.1 Streams and Rivers1313 Surface Water
Tributary
River
Divide
tributary
river system
drainage basin
watershed
divide
gradient
discharge
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Rivers wear down Earth’s surface and erode and
deposit materials. A river may carry materials in
solution, in suspension, and in its bed load.
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VOCABULARY13.2 Stream Erosion and Deposition
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Flow
Suspension:Silt and clay
Bed load: sand, gravel,pebbles and boulders
Materials carried in solution cannot be seen.
deposition
pothole
load
suspension
bed load
competence
capacity
delta
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Velocity and discharge affect how much material a
river can transport. When river velocity greatly
decreases, sediment drops out of the water to form
a delta or alluvial fan.
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VOCABULARY13.2 Stream Erosion and Deposition
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Over time, sediments build up, forming a delta.
deposition
pothole
load
suspension
bed load
competence
capacity
delta
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Youthful rivers form steep-sided canyons and
V-shaped valleys. The lowest level to which a
river can erode its bed is called its base level.
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VOCABULARY13.3 River Valleys
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Rapids can form as a
river runs down a deep
slope, while a river that
plunges over a cliff
forms a waterfall.
headward erosion
base level
stream piracy
floodplain
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A river that has cut down close to its base level
tends to erode the sides of its valley, forming a
meandering river in a wide flood plain.
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VOCABULARY13.4 Floodplains and Floods
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Back swampValley wall
Oxbow lake
Meander
Natural levees
Yazoo tributary
flood
floodplain
meanders
oxbow lake
natural levees
flash flood
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River floods are natural events that can have
constructive as well as destructive effects.
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VOCABULARY13.4 Floodplains and Floods
1313 Surface Water
People have developed different methods to control
and prevent river flooding.
flood
floodplain
meanders
oxbow lake
natural levees
flash flood
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1313 Surface Water
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