Post on 04-Apr-2018
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EU
Hor t i cu l t u ra l
Impo r t s
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Highlights: EU Imports from Third Countries
Between 1996 and 2000, the dollar appreciated by 17 percent againstthe ECU, making EU exports that much more competitive compared toimports.
On the import side, six product categories accounted for over 90 percentof the decline in value: cassava, bananas, fresh vegetables, soy sauce,water and canned fruits.
Imports of certain selected items reflected a price inelasticity of demand.Total imports values declined despite lower prices, and in some caseshigher imported volumes. Import volumes of U.S. almonds increasedand walnuts remained fairly stable despite the appreciation of the dollar,due to lower U.S. domestic prices.
The total import value of raisins, the principal imported dried fruit,
likewise reflected an inelastic demand. Total volumes importedremained fairly constant due to precipitous devaluation of the TurkishLira against the ECU. U.S. volumes fell off due to strong prices and theappreciating dollar.
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EU Total Agricultural Trade With Third Countries
Source World Trade Atlas
1996 1997 1998 1999 200055
60
65
70
75
80
Billion $
Imports from Third Countries
Exports to Third Countries
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The EU Remains a Net Importer from Third Countries
of Horticultural Products, but the Gap Narrows
Source: EuroStat and the World Trade Atlas1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
10
12
14
16
18
20
Billion $
Total Horticultural Exports
Total Horticultural Imports
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Tropical Fruits, Nuts and Off Season Produce
Account for over 50 percent of EU's Negative Trade Position
Source: Eurostat and the World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
2
4
6
8
10
12
Billion $
Apples, Pears
Fresh Citrus
Dried Fruit
Wine
Juice
Tree Nuts
Bananas
EU Imports From Third Countries
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EU Imports of Selected Tree Nuts: By Value, By Country
Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1000 U.S. $
United States Turkey Iran
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EU Third Country Imports of Leading Tree Nuts
Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
50,000
100,000
150,000
Metric Tons
Hazelnuts Almonds Pistachios Walnuts
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EU Import Unit Values of Primary Suppliers
Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20001,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
$/ton
Almond
US
Hazelnuts
Turkey
Walnut
US
Pistachio
Iran
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EU Fruit and Vegetable Juice Imports
Market Share of Leading Third Country Suppliers
Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas
46%
13%
8%
9%
24%
1993
46.7%
3.5%
9.8%
8.3% 31.6%
2000
Brazil Israel United States Poland Other
$1.42 Billion $1.19 Billion
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EU Fruit and Vegetable Juice Imports
Market Share by Type
Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas
71%
29%
1993
73.5%
26.5%
2000
Citrus Other
$1.42 Billion $1.19 Billion
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EU Imports of Fruit and Vegetable Juices: By Value, By Country
Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
150,000
300,000
450,000
600,000
750,000
900,000
1000 U.S. $
Brazil Other Israel United States Poland
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EU Third Country Imports of Leading Fruit and Vegetable Juices
Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Million U.S. $
Citrus Apple Other Pineapple
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EU Third Country Imports of Non Citrus Fruit and Vegetable Juices
Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Million U.S. $
Apple Pineapple Other Mixtures Grape juice
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EU Third Country Imports of RaisinsMarket Share by Value
Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas
1993 2000
Turkey 59%Turkey 42%
U.S. 24%
U.S. 26%
Australia
2%
Australia
13%
Other
15%Other
19%
$283 Million$307 Million
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EU Third Country Imports of RaisinsImport Unit Values
Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
U.S. $/Ton
US Turkey Australia
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EU Raisin Imports from the United States
Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200020
25
30
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
Market Share U.S. $/Ton
Market Share Price
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EU Raisin Imports from Turkey
Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200020
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
1,500
Market Share U.S. $/Ton
Market Share Price
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EU Wine Imports by Tariff Classification
Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas
1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
100
200
300
400
500
600
Million of Hectoliters
Table and Fortified WineIn Bottles 2 Liters or less
Table and Fortified WineIn Bottles of more than 2 Liters
Sparkling Wine
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EU Wine Imports by Country
Source : World Trade Atlas
1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
100
200
300
400
500
600
Million U.S. $
Australia United States Chile South Africa
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Imports of Wine by Principal EU Countries
Table and Fortified Wine in containers 2 liters or Less
Source: World Trade Atlas
1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
200
400
600
800
1,000
Millions U.S. $
UK Netherlands Germany Sweden
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EU Wine Imports: Third Country Market Share
Imports By Tariff Classification
Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
0
5
10
15
20
25
Percent
Sparkling Wine
Table and Fortified Wine in containers
holding more than 2 Liters
Table and Fortified Wine in containers
holding 2 Liters or less
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EU Horticultural Exports
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Highlights: EU Exports to Third Countries
Between 1996 and 2000, the dollar appreciated by 17 percent againstthe ECU, making EU exports that much more competitive compared to
imports.
On the export side three categories accounted for over one third of thenet gain in value: beverages, consisting of wine, beer and water; cannedvegetables, consisting primarily of tomatoes, artichokes and olives; andenzymes.
EU exports of beverages drove the total growth figure. Between 1993and 2000 the value of total exports grew by nearly 24 percent while thegrowth in the value of wine exceed 50 percent. Wine is a substantialcomponent of EU horticultural exports, accounting for 23 percent ofoverall exports in 1993 and nearly 28 percent in 2000. Beer grew by 31percent during the 1993-2000 period, accounting for 9.9 percent of
horticultural exports in 1993 and10.4 percent in 2000.Since 1993, the value of the EU's fresh citrus exports declined by 3percent . Export volumes, however, increased by 23 percent, due to an84-percent increase in shipments of mandarins (clementines). Theaverage export price dropped by 21 percent during this period. Orangeshipments were down to Russia, Poland, Switzerland and
Czechoslovakia but to some extent were replaced by mandarins.Mandarin exports to Poland increased fro 69,000 tons to 137,000 tons
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Top Five Horticultural Categories Account for 60 Percent of EU Exports
To Third Countries
Source: Eurostat and the World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
5
10
15
20
25
Billion $
Other Beverages Vegetables, Fresh, Frozen, Dried
Fruits, Fresh Frozen Live Plants Olives and Artichokes
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Wine is the Primary Export Item included in the Beverage Category
Source: EuroStat and the World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
2
4
6
8
Billion $
Wine Beer Water Other
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Wine is the Largest Single EU Export Item and Accounts
for about 25 percent of Total Horticultural Export Value
Source: EuroStat and the World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
5
10
15
20
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Billion $ Wine Percentage
Horticultural
Export Value
Wine as a
Percent of Total
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EU Wine Exports to Principal Third Country Markets
Table and Fortified Wine in containers holding 2 Liters or less
Source: World Trade Atlas
1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Billions U.S. $
US Other Japan Switzerland Canada
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EU Fresh Citrus Trade with Third Countries
Source: EuroStat and the World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
Million U.S. $
Total Fresh Citrus Export Value Total Fresh Citrus Import Value
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EU Fresh Citrus Exports to Third Countries
and Mandarins as a Percent of Total Fresh Citrus Exports
Source: Eurostat and the World Trade Atlas1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
30
35
40
45
50
55
Million U.S. $ Percent
Total Fresh Citrus Export Value Mandarins as a Percent of Total
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EU Horticultural Trade With the
United States
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Highlights: EU Trade with the United States
In 1999, the EU became a net exporter of agricultural products to the United Statesfor the first time. Several factors were responsible this development:. The
appreciation of the dollar against the ECU helped make U.S. exports moreexpensive, while making EU commodities more competitive. U.S. bulk commodityshipments to the EU declined due to bio-tech restrictions.
Within the horticultural sector, the EU has run a net surplus for some time, due tobeverage exports, which account for two thirds of the EU's shipments to the UnitedStates.
EU horticultural imports from the United States leveled off in 1996, due to a drop in
the exports of tree nuts and citrus fruit. Several factors account for this change.Remarkably, the ECU actually appreciated against the dollar, and U.S. commodityprices were a good bit higher than today. EU imports of U.S. almonds more thandoubled in value between 1993 and 1996, and by 1996 accounted for 36 percent oftotal imports from the United States. However, by 2000 the import value fell 36percent from the 1996 high, and accounted for 27 percent of total imports from theU.S. EU imports of citrus fruit, which were strong between 1993 and 1996,
declined by a third since 1996.One key strong area has been EU imports of U.S. wine, where the UK is theleading market. EU imports of U.S. wine have steadily increased. Between 1993and 2000, wine's share of total imports grew from only 4 percent to 16 percent.
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EU Total Agricultural Trade with the United States
Source World Trade Atlas
1996 1997 1998 1999 20007
8
9
10
11
12
Billion $
Imports from the United States
Exports to The United States
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EU Net Agricultural Trade With the United States
Source: Eurostat and the World Trade Atlas1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
Billion U.S. $
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EU Agricultural Imports from the United StatesChange in Net Value of Imports from 1996 to 2000
Source: World Trade Atlas
-1,200
-1,000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
Million U.S. $
Oilseeds
Animal Feeds
Grains
Fruits and Nuts
Plywood
Edible oils
Meat
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EU Agricultural Imports from the United StatesChange in Value of Fruit and Nuts Imports from 1996 to 2000
Source: World Trade Atlas
-400
-200
0
Million U.S. $
Almonds, Hazelnuts, etc.
Other
Citrus Fruit
Raisins
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EU Horticultural Trade with the United States
Source World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20001
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Billion $
Imports from the U.S.
Exports to the U.S.
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Net EU Horticultural Trade with the United States
Source World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Billion $
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EU Imports of Selected Tree nuts
Market Share of Leading Third Country Suppliers
Excludes, Peanuts, Coconuts, Brazil nuts and Cashews
Source; Eurostat and World Trade Atlas
37.7%
34.0%
20.7%
7.5%
1993
45.7%
31.5%11.3%
11.5%
2000
United States Turkey Iran Other
$992 Million $1.15 Billion
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EU Imports from the U.S. as a Percent of Total Imports
and EU Horticultural Imports from the United States
Source World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
5
10
15
20
25
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Billion $ Percent
Total Imports from 3rd Countries Percent from the U.S.
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EU Exports to the U.S. as a Percent of Total Exports
and EU Horticultural Exports to the United States
Source: World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Billion $ Percent
Total Exports Percent to the U.S.
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EU Horticultural Trade with the United States
as a Percent of Total Exports and Imports
Source: World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20005
10
15
20
25
30
35
Percent
Percentage Imported from the US Percent Exported to the U.S.
Percentage Imported from the United States
Percentage Exported to the United States
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Top 5 Principal Horticultural Product Imports from the United States
Account for Two Thirds of Total
Source: World Trade Atlas
Tree nuts excludes, Peanuts, Coconuts, Brazil nuts and Cashews
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Billion $
Other Almonds, Hazelnuts, etc. Wine
Juice Essential Oils Olives and Artichokes
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Top 4 Principal Horticultural Product Exports to the United States
Account for Nearly 70 Percent of Total
Source: World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
1
2
3
4
5
Billion $
Other Wine Beer Canned Olives and Artichokes Mineral Water
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EU Exports to the United States of Selected Commodities
Receiving Direct and Indirect Support from
the EU Commission and Member States
Source: World Trade Atlas
1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Million $
FreshTomatoes
FreshPeppers
FreshMandarins
CannedArtichokes
CannedPeaches
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EU Wine Trade with the United States
Source: Eurostat and the World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
0.5
1
1.5
2
Billion U.S. $
Wine Imports from the US Wine Exports to the the US
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Net EU Wine Trade with the United States
Source: Eurostat and the World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Billion U.S. $
Net wine trade
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EU Fresh Citrus Trade with the United States
Source: Eurostat and the World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
20
40
60
80
100
Million U.S. $
Citrus Fruit Imports from the US Citrus Fruit Export to the US
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EU Net Fresh Citrus Trade with the United States
Source: Eurostat and the World Trade Atlas
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000-100,000
-80,000
-60,000
-40,000
-20,000
0
20,000
40,000
Thousand U.S. $
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Total EU Fresh Mandarin Exports to Third CountriesPercent Exported to the United States
Source: Eurostat and the World Trade Atlas
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000100
150
200
250
300
60
70
80
90
100
110
Million U.S .$ Percent
Total Mandarin Export Value Percent Exported to the US