Crop Improvement: LegumesICRISAT-ESA: A. Seetha. Anitha, S.M. Njoroge, C.

Ojiewo, N.V.P.R. Ganga Rao, E. Monyo, M.Siambi, and P.Okori,

ICRISAT- R.K. Varshney, H.S. Desmae, M. Babu,H.D.Upadhyaya, P. Janila, H.S. Desmae, PMGaur, V.Vadez, H.K Sudini, CV Sameer Kumar

NARS: NARO, IIAM, DARS, EIAR, ZARI, Universities, Private Seed Companies

Acknowledgments• Governments in Region

• Public research and extension

• Development Partners– BMGF, USAID, Irish Aid, IFAD,, UKAID, GTZ, IFAD

• Civil Society• Farmer organizations• International research agencies

– CGIAR– Advanced research centers

• Diverse development projects

Context of ESA Legume Science Agenda

The demand environment

1. The need to meet food and nutrition demands of a growing population

Southern Africa

East Africa

Source: UN population division, 2012.

2. Asymmetric demography: How and S&T provide solution for harnessing the SSA youth population dividend

Source: Brookings Institutions and Africa progress Panel, 2014

2030 20502010

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

0

Popu

latio

ns (T

hous

ands

)

1 2 30 94 5 6 87 10

10

20

30

Num

ber o

f peo

ple

(Mill

ions

)

Mean daily consumption (PPP dollars)

0

$1.25 $2.50

3. Tackle the persistent poverty and vulnerability

Seed systems are weak to moderate

75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100% 105%

Maize

Sorghum/Millet

Sunflower

Groundnuts

Pigeon pea

Cow peas

Sesame

Beans

Sweetpotatoes Local seed

Improved

Quality declared seeds

Local and improved

< 10% of farmers, use improved seeds or quality declared seeds

Source Africa RISING: Tanzania. KK team

Medium to high food insecurity

Extreme riskHigh riskMedium riskLow riskNo data

Source: Food Security Index & Map, 2013

4. Resilience to an increasing riskEach “growing degree day” spent at a temperature above 30°C decreases yields by 1 percent under optimal (drought-free) rainfedconditions.

Southern Africa faces the risk of more severe and protracted droughts and periods of extremely low and extremely high rainfall could become more common as temperatures increase from 2-4°C

What Crops and traits shall we breed? How efficient are our R&D research to market pathways

5. Mobilize agriculture to deliver solutions for the silent hunger (nutrition deficiencies)

David Tilman et al. PNAS 2011;108:20260-20264

Projections 2005-2050Previous trajectories

Investment opportunity

Agriculture a big part of Africa’s 2020-2.6 trillion revenue growth

Africa’s economic growth creating new opportunities not covered by multinational corporations

Growth in agriculture is twice to four times as effective in reducing poverty

Rwanda UgandaEthiopiaBurkinaFaso

Mozambique Tanzania

0

6

2

4

8

10

% sh

are

of g

row

th

Agri. Sector is a significant driver of growth: What catalysts do we have?

Source: Brookings Institutions and Africa progress Panel, 2014.

We can unlock the agricultural potential: Most of ESA can generate 460-1350$/ha

Source: Fisher and Shar, 2010

US$ 201-300US$ 301-468

US$ 581-907

US 1598-1881US1881-2729

US$ 468-580

US$ 908-1128US$ 1129-1349US$ 1350-1597

Crop varieties for sustainable Intensification

Source: DCL, 2015

Legumes science agenda for ESA

New productive, resilient and nutrient dense varieties

Increased availability and access to to productivity enhancing innovations

Crop diversification for food, nutrition and income security

Product/ technology cycle management

Product life cycle management

Breeding, selection and evaluationDiscoverDiscover

y Proof of concept

Early Development

Late development

Pre-

sector

Pre-release

CG+NARS+ Seed sector

Release &

+ Seed sector

Release & developmentCG+NARS

+ Seed sector

Discontin

sector

Discontinue

CG+NARS & seed

sector

GxExM

Product Knowledge, best agronomic systems fit

Preparing for releaseRegulatory approval to release. Market positioning, Deployment plans and seed forecast production plans

Product Scale-up

Expansion into additional/extended TPE. Managing genetic & trait purity, validating yield assumptions. Monitoring performance vs old/ farmer preferred varieties

Exit Strategy

Discontinue Breeder’s seed production and introduce new varieties.

TL III Focus Geographies and Crops

Tropical legume - III:

Project Management Objectives: • Ensure implementation of TL III objectives; monitoring of

milestones, outputs and expenditures

• Ensure effective data archiving and dissemination as global public goods.

• Ensure effective communication of TL III progress, achievements and impacts.

• Efficient management and reporting.

Salient Results for 2015Implementing a multi-stakeholder project launch workshop• Better understanding of the project context and objectives

• Increased understanding of TL III’s interface with respective country legume strategies

• A sense of ownership of the TL III project by partners

• Country workplans integrating TL III Objectives

• TL III Project Monitoring, Learning and Evaluation (MLE) Plan

Implementing National Annual Planning meetings

• Meetings were successfully held for all countries to finalize country workplans for groundnut in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda; Chickpea in Ethiopia and Uttar Pradesh India, Common beans in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Uganda and cowpea in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali and Nigeria

Salient Results cont…

Salient Results cont

Curation and dissemination of TL-III Data as global public goods

• The Integrated Breeding Platform – Breeding Management System (BMS) was decided as a tool of choice for the management of TL III data

• 3 training sessions for BMS were conducted for project implementing staff in Nairobi, Addis Ababa and Bamako btw Aug and Dec 2015

• A BMS Cloud database for TL-III established.

Salient Results cont

Communicating TL-III project progress, achievements and impact• Four volumes of the regular Quarterly Bulletin Tropical

legumes were produced highlighting specific aspects of project successes

• TL III web-page have been updated to include a TL III facebookand twitter links to communicate project information.

• A 182 page synthesis of the seven seasons of learning and engaging smallholder farmers through the tropical legumes in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia is ready for publication.

Salient Results cont

Management and reporting of TL-III Project• Launched TL III (August 17 – 22, 2015)• Worked with Country focal points and country teams to

develop Country Workplans• Worked with Objective leaders to synthesize these into Project

workplans (by objective)• Worked with ALINe Consultancy to develop Project MLE Plan• Visited project sites in all regions to monitor progress and

provide on the ground advice as needed

Salient Results cont..

Supporting breeding pipelines for groundnuts, cowpea, common bean, and chickpea in target TL-III countries• TL III supported the implementation of the BPAT to all CGIAR

Africa based programs which included Program assessments for groundnut in Mali and Malawi, chickpea in Ethiopia, cowpea in Nigeria and common beans in Uganda and Malawi.

• Key findings - ICRISAT African based breeding programs have very competent scientists but are weak in breeding cycle time, phenotyping for drought, and application of marker assisted breeding technologies.

• These critical areas have been recommended for improvement as part of TL III improvement of breeding efficiency in African CGIAR sites and the target NARS.

Challenges, Constraints & Mitigations

• It has taken long to fill the project positions – hence the project is off to a slow start (The gender scientist has not joined to-date and gender related research activities are behind schedule)

• Ongoing security and instability in parts of Mali and Nigeria

• Drought in Ethiopia (ElNino effect of 2015) .

Chickpea breeding

MABC for drought tolerance in chickpea

• 7 MABC F7 lines with up to 40g/100 seed weight and up to 41% higher yield than the std check identified

• Introgresssion crosses initiated• Reproductive stage drought tolerance under late

planting condition; avoiding ascochyta blight

• 7 MABC F7 lines with up to 40g/100 seed weight and up to 41% higher yield than the std check identified

• Introgresssion crosses initiated• Reproductive stage drought tolerance under late

planting condition; avoiding ascochyta blight

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

MAB

C 11

MAB

C 4

MAB

C 16

MAB

C 13

MAB

C 14

MAB

C 10

ICCV

-939

554

ICCV

- 495

8

MAB

C 9

MAB

C 7

MAB

C 6

MAB

C 18

MAB

C 19

MAB

C 3

MAB

C 2

MAB

C 22

DAL

OTA

Yield of MABCF7 Desi lines at Debre Zeit

Yiel

d (k

g/ha

)

41%

Drought tolerant varieties

• High yield under drought stress

• Trait-based selection + MABC

• Evaluation for yield adaptability

• Identifying new sources

Heat stress tolerance

• Low pollen viability, pollen germ. and pollen tube growth

• Causes flower abscission and pod abortion,

• Reduces pod set, pod fill and yield

Anther-pollen fertility with Alexander’s stain

ICCV 92944(Tolerant)

ICC 5912(Sensitive)

• 4 lines with yield advantage of 178%, 38%, 32% and 11% over std check under normal T oC

• 7 lines with >2 t/ha selected at T oC > 35 oC

• New tolerance sources from reference set

• Expansion of production to non-conventional areas under irrigation

• Late planting to avoid AB• Changing and variable climates

Ascochyta blight; wilt-root rot complex of CP

• AB and WRR cause upto 100% loss

• No AB resistant desi variety

• Majority of farmers produce desi

• Planting late to avoid AB and FW

• Resistance varieties for early planting

• 3 new sources of double resistance identified

• NVT for resistant desi• BC2 to improve released

varieties• Maturity before terminal

drought

Emerging issues: Early maturity

• Escape end-of-season drought and heat stresses

• short window of cropping season –double cropping

• enhance cropping resilience (intensification and diversification)

• Green pod chickpea market (challenges with human pest??)

• New sources from local and reference collections

Nodulation/fixation may be limited by:• the presence ineffective strains • low population numbers, • low infectivity or lack of effectiveness, • poor survival rate of rhizobia in the soil• competition amongst strains of rhizobia• the absence of compatible strains (strain x

variety x environment interaction)

CRP-GL: Even lines earlier reported as non-nodulating do nodulate with compatible strainsTLIII: include basic N2Africa-recommended package of inoculum and agronomic practices in field demos.

From 50 indigenous rhizobia, 15 Rhizobia isolateswith wide pH tolerance, 5 with salinity tolerance,3 with high ToC tolerance, 5 with antibioticsresistance, 15 phosphate solubilizing isolates wereidentified.

The 50 isolates were further grown on yeast extractmannitol agar and single colonies cultured for molecularcharacterization.

43 isolates are currently being sequenced at UC-Davis

Chickpea cultivars for mechanical harvesting

1. Machine harvestable • herbicide

tolerant• frost tolerant• for double

cropping2. Disease resistant3. Efficient N-fixing

4. High yielding5. Market preferred6. New sources to be identified from ref collection7. Introgression crosses

Pigeonpea breeding

Pigeonpea Breeding priorities in ESA

• High grain yield

• Phenology for agro-ecol. adaptability and SI

• Photo-thermo insensitivity

• Ratoonability with high yield

• Grain quality for dry & fresh grains

• Climate resilience with drought tolerance

• Fusarium wilt tolerance

• Pest tolerance esp. Pod borers

Workplan targets 2014-2015

1. Evaluation of 25 short, 40 medium, 40 long duration varieties

2. Maintenance of breeder seed of 10 varieties, enhancing NARS capacity and seedscaling up with stakeholders

3. Development and evaluation of 500 pigeonpea breeding lines for yield, fusarium wiltand pest tolerance

4. Evaluation of 30-50 early chickpea elite lines for yield, drought, fusarium wilt andAscochyta blight

5. Evaluation of 20 chickpea elite lines for heat tolerance and dry root rot

6. Maintenance of breeder seed of 10 released varieties including heat tolerant ICCV92944

7. Collection, characterization, conservation and distribution of chickpea and pigeonpeagermplasm

8. Evaluation of 30 chickpea genotypes for insect pest and 10 for herbicide tolerance

9. Identification of maintainers and restorers under African germplasm, use of cleistolines in breeding program

Evaluation of varieties in ESA

Country Short Medium Long

Kenya 56 75 60

Tanzania 20 42 35

Malawi 22 47 22

Mozambique - 35 60

Ethiopia 22 18 70

Zambia - 15 25

Uganda - 57 -

Mali 22 18 -

Best lines 12 19 15

• Released 5 varieties (4 in Tanzania, 1 in Zambia)• 4 in Uganda and 2 in Zambia pipeline for release

Maintenance of quality seedCrop Breeder Foundation Certified +QDS Total

Pigeonpea 18.8 82.4 86.5 478Chickpea 5.0 4.5 32.4 41.9

Total 23.8 86.9 118.9 519.9

Breeding pipelineF8 Number TotalICEAP 00040 X KAT 60/8 29

64ICEAP 00048 X ICEAP 00557 4ICEAP 00557 X ICEAP 00576-1 5ICEAP 00576-1 X ICEAP 00554 15ICEAP 00576-1 X ICEAP 00557 11

F6ACC 88 X ICEAP 00576-1 23

87ICEAP 00048 X ICEAP 00040 21MJ X ICEAP 00040 43

Early generation

F6 : Number TotalKAT 60/8 X ICEAP 00540 118

256ICEAP 00068 X ICEAP 00540 138F7 : ICP 6927 X ICEAP 00554 128

203ICP 6927 X ICEAP 00557 53ICP 6927 X ICEAP 00850 16ICEAP 00068 X ICEAP 00850 6F8 : MZ 2/9 X ICEAP 00554 39

301

MZ 2/9 X ICEAP 00557 91ICEAP 00554 X MZ 2/9 95MTHAWAJUNI X ICEAP 00554 21MTHAWAJUNI X ICEAP 00557 19ICEAP 00554 X MTHAWAJUNI 36F9 : ICEAP 00554 X ICP 7035 37 47ICEAP 00557 X ICP 7035 10

Medium duration

Observation Nurseries Number TotalMD observation 1 57

349MD observation 2 147MD observation 3 145Diversity lines 435

F1 HYBRID 26F2 progenies 16F3 progenies 27F4 progenies 80

Long duration

Pest tolerance with purple and constricted podsLine Plant no. Plant yield(g) Seed colour 100-seed

Mass (g)MZ 2/9/36/2 3 158 cream 26MZ 2/9/36/2 10 142 cream 25MZ 2/9/36/2 12 129 cream 26MZ 2/9/36/2 11 108 cream 25MZ 2/9/36/2 14 103 cream 25MZ 2/9/36/2 7 64 cream 27MZ 2/9/36/2 14 52 cream 28MZ 2/9/36/2 2 41 cream 28

ICPL 86022 Cream large seeded

Hybrid Pigeonpea• 8 CMS, 52 test crosses

• African germplasm – More restorers

• Most of the maintainers from India are brownseeded

• Use of diverse gene pools for HV over African OPV

• Hybrids are with early vigour and more branches

Hybrid Medium Duration Variety

HybridVariety

Germplasm Maintenance1. Germplasm Collection:

– 86 from 9 districts, Lindi R. (6), Ruangwa (17), Nachingwea(3), Tunduru(9), Masasi (12), Nanyumbu (3), Kilosa (14), Gairo (9) and Bagamoyo (3)

– 122 from 8 districts, Albetong(18), Otuke(18), Kitgum(9), Lira(18), Oyam(10), Kole(26), Gulu(17) and Lamwo (6)

2. Regeneration and Seed increase: – Regenerated 55 pigeonpea and 18 chickpea accessions– Seed increased 117 pigeonpea and 80 chickpea accessions

3. Distribution: 2120 pigeonpea and 87 chickpea samples

4. Evaluation and characterization: – 92 single plant progenies from Kenyan collection– 224 elite lines of MZ 2/9 accession with cream big seeds(28 g/100 seed

mass) and dark pods, high pod load, tolerance to drought and insect pests

Future direction• Genetic enhancement- diverse genepools

• Pre-breeding with trait specific donors

• More focus on MD with ratoonability

• Incorporation of Cleisto flower trait

• Hybrids: more maintainers from India

• Mapping populations for FW, Pod and seed colour, Seed size

• Easy shelling, high dhal recovery, fast cooking, aroma, high sugar content

Aflatoxin Mitigation in Zambia

Objectives

• Quantify the incidence of aflatoxin in groundnut (along the value chain), estimate population densities and characterize A. flavus in Eastern Zambia

AFB1 contamination in peanut butter

• Chipata, Katete, Petauke, and Lusaka

• 954 containers, from 25 brands tested

• A sample = 6 containers of a single brand, manufacturing date, and from the same shop

• Each container was assayed 5 times, ELISA

• Geometric means calculated (log transformed)

• 9, 12, and 8 brands were repeatedly tested within 1 year, across 2 years, and in all 3 years, respectively

• 0% of brands repeatedly tested across 3 years had AFB1

• 8% of brands tested repeatedly across 2 years had AFB1 ≤ 20 ppb

• 44% of brands tested in just one year had AFB1≤ 20 ppb

• Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, South Africa

AFB1 in grain and powder

• 201 grain samples and 39 milled powder• Chipata, Katete, Petauke, Lusaka, Kitwe,

Ndola, Kabwe• 1 kg sample, analyzed 6 times

• 77% of 39 powder samples > 20 ppb AFB1

• 45% of 201 grain samples > 20 ppb AFB1

• No documented successful interventions in informal markets

Food Safety and Nutrition

Baseline Result on Infant and Young Child feeding practices (IYCF).

Indicators Value, Age in months (Malawi)

Value, Age in months

(Tanzania)Exclusively breast fed (EBF), %

(67%), <6 months

(69.1%), <6 months

Dietary diversity score, mean (SD)

2 (1.02), 6-23 months

3.23 (1.1), 6-23 months

Met minimum dietary score, %

7 %, 6-23 months

39 %, 6-23 months

Meal frequency, mean (SD)

2.0 (0.8), 6-23 months

2.31 (0.96),6-23 months

Met minimum meal frequency (MMF), %

50%, 6-23 months

43.7 %, 6-23 months

Met minimum acceptable diet, %

1.8%6-23 months

18.4 %, 6-23 months

• Pigeonpea, finger millet, groundnut and maize combinations with vegetables (to improve protein, Calcium, Zinc , Vitamin A and Iron to reduce malnutrition, improve bone growth and body function.

• Training on hygiene (to reduce diarrhoea and improve Zn absorption).

• Training on post harvest crop handling (to reduce aflatoxin exposure and improve vitamin A and Zn absorption).

Approach: Learning by doing positive deviance hearth model (CORE)

Results of 21 days positive deviance approach (PDA) - Short term study

Indicators Control group Intervention group

Mean weight at day 0 8.8 kgs±1.5 8.9 kgs±1.2Mean weight at day 7 8.7 kgs±1.2 9.1 kgs±1.3Mean weight at day 14 8.7 kgs±1.1 9.7 kgs±1.3Mean weight at day 21

Mean MUAC at day 0

8.5 kgs±1.1

14.6cm±1.1

10.1kgs±1.3

14.6cm±1.0Mean MUAC at day 7 14.2cm±1.1 14.5cm±1.0Mean MUAC at day 14Mean MUAC at day 21

14.1cm±1.114.0cm±1.0

14.6cm±1.015.0cm±1.0

Impact of PDA on underweight : DID random effect model

Dependent Variable:Weight-for-Age Z-Score

Coefficient T-statisticsp-value

DID (Day 7) 0.31 1.86 0.063DID (Day 14) 0.53 3.12 0.002

DID (Day 21) 0.73 4.34 0.000

Impact of PDA on wasting : DID random effect model

Dependent Variable:Weight-for-Height Z-Score

Coefficient T-statisticsp-value

DID (Day 7) 0.37 1.40 0.161

DID (Day 14) 0.71 2.72 0.006

DID (Day 21) 0.85 3.26 0.001

LFD- User friendly diagnostic device

Aflatoxin detection at field level is crucial to reduce the contamination in value chain.

Antibody reacts with aflatoxin antigen giving coloured reaction. This is simple to perform, cost effective (<2$), less time consuming (<5 min) and accurate

ICRISATLFD

ICRISATLFD

Results on Validation of LFD

Lateral flow immunoassay

Number and % of samples tested for AFB1 in ELISAPositive (above 20 ppb of AFB1)

Negative (below 20 ppb of AFB1)

Total

Positive (above 20 ppb of AFB1)

25 (50.00 %) 0 (0.00 %) 25 (50.00 %)

Negative (below 20 ppb of AFB1)

0 (0.00 %) 25 (50.00 %) 25 (50.00 %)

Total 25 (50.00 %) 25 (50.00 %) 50 (100.00%)

The figure in parentheses were computed based on the visual scoring of lateral flow device and quantitative data obtained for ELISA after calculation. The sensitivity of lateral flow device for AFB1 above 20 ppb in samples are 100 %; the specificity is also 100 %. The positive predictive value is 100 %. The negative predictive value is 100 %.

Table 1: sensitivity and specificity of lateral flow immunoassay compared to ELISA for detecting above 20 ppb of aflatoxin in groundnut samples

Groundnut breeding and seed systems

Groundnut breeding

1. Input traits:• Develop resilient varieties

that increase productivity above the 2 ton + barrier

1. Input traits:• Develop resilient varieties

that increase productivity above the 2 ton + barrier

2. Output traits: • Low aflatoxin contamination• Enhanced nutrition density -

Zn, Fe and oleic acid• Increased oil & confectionary

needs

2. Output traits: • Low aflatoxin contamination• Enhanced nutrition density -

Zn, Fe and oleic acid• Increased oil & confectionary

needs

3. Farming systems support• Suitability for intensification• Livestock feeds

3. Farming systems support• Suitability for intensification• Livestock feeds

Shuttle breeding, capacity building, integrated breeding, Genebank

Output 1: New varieties and linesAim: Generate breeding populations improved tolerance to endemic stresses

ICGV-SM 08501

Five new varieties for Zambia2 Medium duration Virginia types • ICGV-SM 06729 • ICGV-SM 08503

2 Short duration Spanish types• ICGV-SM 08513 • ICGV-SM 03517

1 Valencia type• ICGV0SM 05534

Breeding lines and populations• 39 families of deriving from released

popular varieties with enhanced Fe, Zn and Oleic acid generated

• 70 families with a drought tolerance background have been generated

• 20 regional trial sets used by ZARI, NARO, ARI-Naliendele, IIAM, ICRISAT-Bamako and Kano.

• 600 lines distributed to partners

Target population environments: Performance under farmer management (GxExM)

Genotype Sensitivity SE. Mean SE

Land race 0.1359 0.3265 238.5 83.63ICGV-SM

03519 0.4537 0.3265 724.8 83.63

ICGV-SM 99568 0.9856 0.3265 445.7 83.63

ICGV-SM 05650 1.1196 0.3265 549 83.63

ICGV-SM 01513 1.1639 0.3265 434.1 83.63

ICGV-SM 02724 2.0546 0.3265 937.6 83.63

Sensitivity tests: Finlay and Wilkinson modified joint regression analysis shows ICGV-SM02724 highly sensitive and best grown in high potential areas. Land race is widely adapted i.e. least sensitive.

Output 1 highlights: Targeting & adoptionAim: Conduct farmer participatory variety selection (FPVS) and

demonstrations to underpin R4D relevance, adoption and promotions

ICGV-SM 08501

• >1000 demonstrations in ESA (new varieties + ICM)

• 16,523 farmers trained• >3000 farmers conduct

FPVS (ESA)• 60 FRNs (Tanzania and

Malawi) engaged for on-farm trials.

• >100 para seed inspectors trained

Fine-tuning technology for intensification: Cropping systems farmers use in KK

2320

10 10

2

Sorghum,Pigeonpeaand Maize

Maize,Sunflowerand Pearl

millet

Groundnutand

pigeonpea

Groundnutand maize

Others

Coverage %Coverage %

Source: FRN involving 60 farmers engaged in 2015

Implications for research• Differentiated genotypes

• Materials that can handle shading

• Agronomy• Plant population

management • Optimizing field architecture

Output 2: Strengthening seed supply• 460 tons of foundation seeds

(groundnut, pigeonpea).

• 1,500 tons of groundnut certified seed.

• 280 tons of pigeonpea certified seed

Malawi:• 13 new community seed banks

identified for possible linkages to markets.

Tanzania• 6 new community seed banks

Uganda• 4 new communities engaged in seed

production

David managing a field day in Uganda

Currently access to seed is less than 40% in most ESA countries

Full

Time

Poor

Groundnut&PigeonpeaSoilandwaterandLivestockfornutrientrecycling+drudgeryreduction

IntensifiedCereal,Pigeonpea+Soilandwaterorrotationsystems

Rehabilitatesoils:DoubledUpLegumes,Pigeonpea+erosionmanagement

AdoptionIntensified+cereallegumesystems(smallunitswithlimitedrotations)+S.Fertwater+livestock

Education:Agronomy-SoilFert+water,weeds,multiplecropping+Processing,Nutrition+smalllivestock

Sust

ain

able

Inte

nsifi

cati

on

New varieties

Strategy for scaling up and out

Summary of 2014-2015Variety development 1. Advancement & evaluation of populations

2. New crosses made especially for output traits

3. Release in new countries: Zambia and Zimbabwe

4. Fundamental work: Resistance & genetic studies + integrated breeding

Technology promotion/ deployment 5. Scaling up and out- (Malawi, Mozambique, Uganda, Tanzania & Zambia)

6. Leverage intensification actions-Tanzania +Malawi+ Mozambique

Aflatoxins, nutrition and post harvest management

7. Aflatoxin & nutrition studies- Tanzania & Malawi + Zambia

8. Strengthen and deploy diagnostic tools and management options

9. Awareness (all CRP targets and leverage PACA efforts inSADC)

Complementary/leverage areas 10 New investments (leverage and engagement (HOPE, Harvest Plus)- Uganda, SMEAR-

Mozambique)

Thank you!

ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium