Enlightenment

Scientific Revolution

Quote of the Day

• Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the former.

• - Albert Einstein

Objectives

• List the circumstances that led to the scientific revolution

• Summarize the heliocentric theory

• Describe the scientific method and its importance in different fields

• Explain Newton’s law of gravity

Essential Question

• In what ways has the scientific revolution changed society?

Scientific Revolution

New way of Thinking

• Ideas based upon careful observation

• Willingness to question accepted beliefs

Combination of discoveries and circumstances

• Classical manuscripts

• Disagreements between Ancient scholars

• New Discoveries

New sciences

• Mathematics

• Astronomy

Model of the Universe

Heliocentric Theory

Nicolaus Copernicus - concluded that the stars, the earth, and other planets revolved around the sun

• Johannes Kepler - proved the planets evolve around the sun in an elliptical

Galileo

• Law of the pendulum • Objects that are heavier

will fall at the same speed as lighter objects

• Discovered 4 moons of Jupiter

• Moon and stars were not made of perfect substances

Conflict with the church

• Teachings contradicted the church

• Supported Copernican theory

• Galileo forced to face inquisition

Scientific Method

• Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas

• Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes

Francis Bacon

• Criticized the way ancient scholars arrived at their conclusions.

• Urged scientist to experiment

Rene Descartes

• – Believed that everything should be doubted until proven

• “I think therefore I am”

Law of Gravity

• Isaac Newton

• All physical objects are effected equally by the same force

Law of Universal Gravity

• Every object in the universe attracts every other object

• The degree of attraction depends on the mass of the object and the distance between them

Universal Clock

• Universe is like a giant clock

• Parts work together

• God is the clock maker

Spread of the Scientific

Revolution

Scientific Instruments

Developed to make precise observations

Microscope

Mercury Barometer

Thermometer

• Scale of Celsius

Fahrenheit scale

Medicine

• Proved wrong by Andreas Versalius and William Harvey

• Small pox vaccination – 1700’s created from cowpox

Chemistry

• Robert Boyle

• Challenged idea of four elements – earth, wind, fire, water.

• Atom - Tiny particle that join together in different ways

Joseph Priestly

• Discovered oxygen