ENERGY IN A CELL. AUTOTROPHS – USE ENERGY TO MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD – EXAMPLES INCLUDE… PLANTS,...

ENERGY IN A CELL

AUTOTROPHS – USE ENERGY TO MAKE

THEIR OWN FOOD– EXAMPLES INCLUDE…

• PLANTS, GREEN ALGAE, AND SOME BACTERIA

HETEROTROPHS– OBTAIN ENERGY FROM

THE FOOD THEY CONSUME

– EXAMPLES INCLUDE…• HERBIVORES• OMNIVORES• CARNIVORES • DETRITIVORES• DECOMPOSERS

CHEMICAL ENERGY

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CELL ARE POWERED BY CHEMICAL ENERGY STORED IN MOLECULES OF ATP.

SO WHEN WE SAY “WE NEED ENERGY” WE’RE REALLY SAYING “WE NEED ATP”.

Q: “HOW DO WE GET ATP?”A: “FROM GLUCOSE.”

Q: “HOW DO WE GET GLUCOSE?”A: “FROM THE FOOD WE EAT.”

Remember: Autotrophs get glucose from the food they make via photosynthesis

ATP: ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE- Energy is stored in the bonds of ATP- When the bond is broken, energy is

released

The ADP-ATP CycleWhen ATP is used, it loses a phosphate group and becomes ADP. There is still potential energy in the remaining two bonds.

If the cell does not need more energy immediately, it will add a phosphate group to the ADP, which becomes ATP.

ATP ADP + + ENERGY

PHOTOSYNTHESISALL AUTOTROPHS CAN DO IT.

PHOTOSYNTHESISA PROCESS THAT CONVERTS SOLAR ENERGY INTO CHEMICAL ENERGY BY MAKING GLUCOSE

THE CHLOROPLAST

PHOTOSYNTHESIS ACTUALLY OCCURS IN 2 AREAS...IN THE THYLAKOIDS (DISCS) AND IN THE STROMA (GEL)

PHOTOSYNTHESISOCCURS IN 2 STAGES:

1ST THE LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS

2ND THE LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS (AKA THE Calvin Cycle)

THYLAKOIDS

THYLAKOIDS ARE FILLED WITH CHLOROPHYLL, A GREEN PIGMENT THAT TRAPS SUNLIGHT.

THEREFORE, THE LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS OCCUR IN THE THYLAKOIDS.

STROMA

STROMA IS THE GEL THAT SURROUNDS THE THYLAKOIDS AND FILLS THE CHLOROPLAST.

IT CANNOT TRAP SUNLIGHT (NO CHLOROPHYLL).

THUS, THE LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS OCCUR IN THE STROMA.

THE LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONSReactants: 1) WATER2) SUNLIGHT *chlorophyll traps energy from the sun*so much energy is absorbed, the water molecule splits Products:1) OXYGEN goes to the atmosphere2) HYDROGEN goes to the light independent reactions 3) 2 ATP are made and go to the light independent reactions

* REMEMBER: LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS OCCUR IN THE THYLAKOIDS (ON THE LEFT IN THIS PIC) & THE LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS (CALVIN CYCLE) OCCUR IN THE STROMA (ON THE RIGHT)

Reactants: 1) Hydrogen from the light reactions 2)Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere 3) 2 ATP from the light reactions

Products: 1) Glucose 2) 2 ADP

* REMEMBER: LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS OCCUR IN THE THYLAKOIDS (ON THE LEFT IN THIS PIC) & THE LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS (CALVIN CYCLE) OCCUR IN THE STROMA (ON THE RIGHT)

THE LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS AKA CALVIN CYCLE

C6H12O6

CALVINCYCLE

CELLULAR RESPIRATIONALL ORGANISMS CAN DO IT.

CELLULAR RESPIRATIONA PROCESS THAT CONVERTS FOOD (GLUCOSE) INTO CHEMICAL ENERGY BY MAKING ATP

THE MITOCHONDRIA

CELLULAR RESPIRATION ACTUALLY OCCURS IN 2 AREAS... CYTOPLASM (for glycolysis and fermentation) & MITOCHONDRIA (for Kreb’s Cycle and the ETC)

AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION OCCURS IN 3 STAGES:

1ST - GLYCOLYSIS2ND - KREB’S CYCLE (AKA THE Citric Acid Cycle)

3rd -ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

GLYCOLYSISGLYCOLYSIS

GLUCOSE

2 ATP-GLUCOSE IS BROKEN DOWN INTO 2 PYRUVATE MOLECULES

-THIS OCCURS IN THE CYTOPLASM

- OCCURS WITHOUT OXYGEN

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

REACTANTS:- GLUCOSEPRODUCTS:- 2 PYRUVATES- 2 ATP

KREB’S CYCLEGLYCOLYSIS

GLUCOSE

2 ATP-IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN PYRUVATE WILL ENTER THE MITOCHONDRIA AND BEGIN THE KREB’S CYCLE.

- 2 ATP & CO2 ARE MADE

- HIGH ENERGYELECTRONS ARE PRODUCED

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

Reactants:- 2 pyruvatesProducts:- 2 ATP- CO2

- electrons

KREB’S CYCLE

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN GLYCOLYSIS

GLUCOSE

2 ATP-HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS ARE USED IN THE MITOCHONDRIA TO CREATE LOTS OF ATP

IS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR AND COMBINES WITH HYDROGEN TO FORM WATER

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

REACTANTS:-ELECTRONS

-OXYGEN-HYDROGEN

PRODUCTS:-WATER-34 ATP

KREB’S CYCLE

34 ATP

O2 H2 H2O

THE TOTALS- GLYCOLYSIS, KREB’S CYCLE, AND THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN RELEASE ABOUT 36 MOLECULES OF ATP PER MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE.

FERMENTATIONGLYCOLYSIS

GLUCOSE

2 ATP- ANAEROBIC PROCESS- Occurs in the absence

of oxygen

- Makes a few ATP very quickly

- Lactic acid is produced in muscles

- EthanolIs a type of alcohol

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

FERMENTATIONKREB’S CYCLE

34 ATP

O2 H2 H2OPRODUCES…- LACTIC ACID

OR ETHANOL

ENERGY IN A CELL. AUTOTROPHS – USE ENERGY TO MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD – EXAMPLES INCLUDE… PLANTS,...

Documents

Transcript of ENERGY IN A CELL. AUTOTROPHS – USE ENERGY TO MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD – EXAMPLES INCLUDE… PLANTS,...

Cellular Respiration. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use the compounds in food for energy sources. Autotrophs make their own glucose. Heterotrophs.

Energy and Life. Energy Pyramids: Autotrophs Characteristics: Use light energy from sun to produce food (convert sunlight energy to chemical energy)

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLASSIFICATION. 1. HOW ORGANISMS GET ENERGY Autotrophs Organisms that make their own food are called autotrophs. Auto- means “self”,

Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Autotrophs are organisms that can make their own food ◦ Use light energy from the sun to produce.

Photosynthesis. Energy Autotrophs Use energy from sun to make their own food Heterotrophs Cannot make their own food, so they eat autotrophs or other.

Photosynthesis Chapter 8. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Autotrophs: Plants and some other types of organisms that use light energy from SUNLIGHT to.

Prokaryotic Cell. Eukaryotic Cell Autotrophs capture the light energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy they use for food. Heterotrophs.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Autotrophs: Plants and plant-like organisms make their energy (glucose) from sunlight or chemical bonds Phototroph - use light as an energy.

Autotrophs/Producers A groups of organisms that can use the energy in sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into Glucose (food) Autotrophs are.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS. I. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs SUN Energy for living things comes from the SUN Plants and other organisms use light energy from the sun.

Energy in Ecosystems Producers – Basis of an ecosystem’s energy – Autotrophs: perform photosynthesis to make sugars – Chemotrophs: Bacteria which use.

Energy and Life. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or the capacity to cause change. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs –Autotrophs – make their own food.

Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs. Autotrophs A groups of organisms that can use the energy in sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into Glucose (food)

Energy Flow through a Food Chain. ENERGY FLOW Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs 20Notes%20E%20Photosynthesis.htm.

Cellular Respiration. Harvesting Chemical Energy So we see how energy enters food chains (via autotrophs) we can look at how organisms use that energy.

A. Autotrophs - use sun’s energy directly (plants) B. Heterotrophs - obtain energy by the foods they eat. (animals)

Cellular Metabolism. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs are organisms that make their own glucose. How Organisms Obtain Energy Heterotrophs are.

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration. Heterotrophs Vs. Autotrophs Autotrophs/ Producers-Make Their Own Food Using the sun’s energy (i.e. Plants) Heterotrophs

1 Energy and Nutrient Relations Chapter 6. 2 Energy Sources Organisms can be classified by trophic levels. Autotrophs use inorganic sources of carbon.

Ecosystems and Human Interferences Chapter 48. Outline Biotic Components Biotic Components Autotrophs Autotrophs Heterotrophs Heterotrophs Energy Flow.