EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH II

Ciencias de la Educación: Mención Inglés

Mgs. Alba Vargas Saritama

Segundo Bimestre

Abril Agosto 2011

Objectives

Distictions between Quantitative and Qualitative Research

According to Gass & Mackey (2005)

Does it depend on the question

or problem addressed?

Which is the most appropriate

approach ?

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

.

Qualitative Research

Mason (1996, p. 3) states that “qualitative

research –whatever it might be- certainly does not represent a unified set of techniques or philosophies, and indeed has grown out a wide range of intellectual and disciplinary traditions”

Qualitative research

Decides what data are needed

Decides if, and what type of, sample is needed

Selects tools appropriate for collecting needed

data

The researcher

Gathering qualitative data

Ethnographies: to describe and interprete human social behavior

Interviews: to question or converse

Diaries/Journals: to report internal processes and thoughts

Case studies:to provide detailed descriptions of specific learners (classes)

Observational techniques: observing interaction, relationships, actions

Triangulations entails the use of

multiple, independent methods in a

single study in order to arrive at

the same findings.

www.indiamart.com

Triangulation

It reduces observer or interviewer bias and

enhances the validity and reliability.

CLASSROOM RESEARCH

CLASSROOM RESEARCH

Classroom research can be addressed as:

classroom-based researchLaboratory-based research

Classroom Research

Observations are useful for gathering in-depth information.The researcher must strive for objectivity and also be aware of subjectivity.Informed consent (permission) Data-elicitation techniques

OBSERVATION

CODING

CODINGSome type of data need to be prepared for coding because it is not ready for immediate analysis after collection; but other type of data like the scores taken from TOEFL do not need any treatment.

Orwin (1994, p. 140) states “Coding represents an attempt to reduce a complex, messy, context-laden and quantification resistant reality to a matrix of numbers”.

How much to code?

What type of data needs

coding?

How to code data?

CODING

http://www.fotosearch.com

CODINGCoding systems include:

- sheets- charts- techniques- schemes, and - other systems according to the needs

Coding systems must be very clear and as straightforward to use as possible, that is carefully selected.

Common coding systems and categories

T- units

Suppliance in obligatory

context (SOC) counts.

CHAT convention

Turns

Utterances Sentence

Communication units

Idea units

Clauses

S - nodes per sentence

Type-token ratios

Targetlike usage

counts

Analysis of Quantitative data

• Descriptive statistics permits

researchers to meaningfully describe

many pieces of data with a few indices.

• It helps researcher to provide a simple

summary or overview of the raw data,

for a better comprehension of the data

set.

Standard scores

Airason & Gay (2005, p. 422) defines

standard scores as a “derived score that

expresses how far a given raw score is from

some referent point, typically the mean, in

terms of deviation units”

Probability refers to the likelihood of

soothing to happen again and again. It is expressed with percentages. In second language studies the accepted value of probability is 05.

Inferential statistics is a type of statistics that determines the likely generalizability from a sample (s) to the general population

The importance of reporting

research

Reporting findings is a crucial element in the

process of second language research.

It must present a clear description of the problem

and the methodology, together with the results.

The researcher`s interpretation of data must be

based on their theoretical framework, and the

conclusion must be closely related to the purpose

of the research.  

Research reports depends on the type

of research and the methods use to

addressed questions or problems.  

The nature of reports

Common Elements In A Research Report

COMMON ELEMENTS IN A RESEARCH REPORT