Education Issues

Gerrit C. van der Veer

SIGCHICHI as in HCI (human-computer interaction)

• on analysis, design, and use …

• of complex technology (ICT, multimedia)

• hardware, software, connectedness

• by people (plural), everywhere, whenever

SIGCHI, the people

4000-6000 members world wide, stable since many years

still 70% North America, 20 % European

50% Industry, 50% Academia

Local SIGs, of which many members are not full members of SIGCHI (several 1000s !)

BayCHI, LA-SIGCHI, SIGCHI Italy, SIGCHI.DK, ...

Map of Local ACM SIGCHI Chapters

SIGCHI conferences

10+ sponsored conferences each year CHI, IUI, DIS, CSCW, ...

10+ in-cooperation conferences

Annual CHI conference ~2500 participants,

N.A. / Europe distribution depends on location# students recently growing

next CHI in Europe 2013CHI in S.E. Asia 2015?

Summary 2002-2009 (+2010)

SIGCHI on education

www.sigchi.org/resources/education :

• Curricula for HCI

• Tutorials to go

• HCI Webliography

Curricula for HCI

ACM SIGCHI Curricula for Human-Computer Interaction

by Hewett, Baecker, Card, Carey, Gasen, Mantei, Perlman, Strong and Verplank

Copyright © 1992,1996 ACM SIGCHI

Tutorials to go

www.sigchi.org/resources/education/tutorials2go

Tutorials Available

• Based on CHI 2002 Tutorial Presentations

• Based on CHI 2001 Tutorial Presentations

• Based on CHI 2000 Tutorial Presentations

HCI Webliographywww.hcibib.org/education

HCI Bibliography : HCI Webliography : Education in HCI

Page updated: 2010-05-30

Accesses since 1997-04-10: 253,107

director@hcibib.org

Hosted by ACM SIGCHI

1st choice:

ACM SIGCHI Curricula for Human-Computer Interaction

ACM SIGCHI CurriculaStill used worldwide, e.g.,:

Europe • national assessment of education• new european educational model

China

IFIP TC 13, • WG 13.1: Education in HCI and HCI Curriculum

The domain of SIGCHI

A moving domain (a “science”?)• New applications

– embedded computing; – mobile computing; – home/leisure/services

• New technologies• New disciplines

– technology– human sciences– arts and crafts

personal: I have been teaching “HCI” all my life,

recently :

analysis and design for use, in general

human beings are unique in:

1. using artifacts, &:

2. building these artifacts, &:

3. designing these artifacts

where “artifacts” can be physical,

or conceptual: laws, social and political structures, norms, languages

design for use

in various cultures, and various eras

use, building, and design are combined or split between people

where “culture” can be identified:

• regionally,

• or professionally,

• or religion-,

• or age-dependent, or ...

in “simple” worlds

in small and closed communities, guilds,

• the hunter develops his own tools,

in “simple” worlds

in small and closed communities, guilds,

• the hunter develops his own tools,

• the musician invents her own instrument,

in “simple” worlds

in small and closed communities, guilds,

• the hunter develops his own tools

• the musician invents her own instrument

• and villagers make their own playground

in “our” worlds

in “modern, industrial, urban, western, types of civilizations:

there is often a split between use of artifacts and the making of,

and a split between building and designing

HCI design – repeat of history

till 1980 – systems for experts (mathematicians)

• design with user participation

till 1980 – systems for experts (mathematicians)

• design with user participation

the 80s – office systems & PCs for professionals

• design for the job of the user

HCI design – repeat of history

till 1980 – systems for experts (mathematicians)

• design with user participation

the 80s – office systems & PCs for professionals

• design for the job of the user

the 90s – ICT available, and used, everywhere (web)

• contextual design, distributed cognition,

HCI design – repeat of history

till 1980 – systems for experts (mathematicians)

• design with user participation

the 80s – office systems & PCs for professionals

• design for the job of the user

the 90s – ICT available, and used, everywhere (web)

• contextual design, distributed cognition

the 21st century (so far)

HCI design – repeat of history

computers & people – something changed in our culturefrom ...

experts – developing their own tools“command languages and operating systems,

no user interface please”to ...

reactive / proactive / and intelligent environment for everybody – part of the situation, culture, and organization

“I do not care what's inside, if it serves my purpose”

Apple’s “wearable juke-box”

September 9, 2009, over 220,000,000 sold

computers & people – something changed in our culturefrom ...

experts – developing their own tools“no user interface please”

to ...reactive and intelligent environment for everybody –

part of the situation, culture, and organization “I do not care what's inside, if it serves my

purpose”: • useful (for my purpose)• usable (fit to my possibilities)• safe (acceptable risk)• motivating (convincing / fun / warning / unpredictable)

separation of use, building, and designbrings the issue of usability

• functionality

• ease of use

• learnability

• intended and lived experience

new solutions require new disciplines

Computer science & Psychology & Ergonomics HCI, formal specifications, tools, patterns

we seemed to understand each other

new solutions require new disciplines

Computer science & Psychology & Ergonomics HCI, formal specifications, tools, patterns

Ethnography, Anthropology, Sociology

we are multidisciplinary now. can you still count yourself in?

CSCW, Contextual design, design of collaboration and organization

new solutions require new disciplines

Computer science & Psychology & Ergonomics HCI, formal specifications, tools, patterns

Ethnography, Anthropology, Sociology CSCW, Contextual design, design of

collaboration and organization

Theater, Graphic design, Cinematography,Industrial design, Multimedia design poor academics need to go to creative

and experience design: arts and crafts

industrial practice was there before academia: multidisciplinary design teams

Apple Advanced Technologies

Microsoft

Philips Design

Xerox PARC

IBM Science Centers

So who should feel responsible for useful, usable, experience-focused interaction design?

an ever changing world

new technologies

cultures merge

cultures arise

people move

Designed to free users from their social network lives on Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and LinkedIn.

You just pick one of the networks, start up the machine, and it graphically shows you unfriending your contacts, one by one, and eliminating all your other contacts with your profile.

Forever.

www - the ultimate melting pot

Aaron Marcus & Emilie West Gould (2000)

Cultural dimensions and global Web user-interface design

Interactions 7 (4), p 32-46  

the web is only part of the story though

my newest gadget

supposed use:

in other cultures ...

cultural dimensions

cultural backgrounds of HCI

“let there be HCI”

co-creation of co-evolution?

• CHI (82)

• ECCE (82)

• INTERACT (84)

North America – the quick world

• Douglas Englebart 1970

• Douglas Englebart 1970• Xerox Alto (1970s)→ Xerox

Star (1981)

North America – the quick world

• Douglas Englebart 1970• Xerox Alto (1970s)→ Xerox

Star (1981) • first Apple II 1977

→Mac 1984

North America – the quick world

• Douglas Englebart 1970• Xerox Alto (1970s)→ Xerox

Star (1981) • first Apple II 1977

→Mac 1984• Jack Carroll, J.M. and

Campbell, R.L. (1988). Artifacts as psychological theories: The case of human-computer interaction.

North America – the quick world

Europe – the old world

Babylon in the 80s : languages, cultures, schools

• UK

• German language

• French

• Scandinavia

HCI in the UK

• Early attention to “usability”: ergonomics of computer use (Shackle)

• User participation (Mumford)

• Psychology of programming (Green)

• (formal) knowldege models of task-based design

German language area

• architecture of user interfaces (Pfaff)

• partner models (Oberquelle)

• software ergonomics (GI)

• Psychology and Computer science (Tauber)

French developments

• Scientists in industry

• proces ergonomics (Hoc)

• task analyse (Sebillotte)

• Programming as a process

Scandinavian school

• participatory design (Suchman, 1988)

• activity theory (Bannon & Bødker, 1991)

• interdisciplinary academic projects

elsewhere in Europe ...

• Italy: artificial intlligence and industrial reality

• Dutch Treat: borrow from your neighbours

• “former” eastern Europa: the power of theory

currently in the western world …

• we all travel to each other, • and teach, • and learn

a challenge for teachers and students

who, themselves, step in from moving grounds,

any new generation of students is a surprise

conclusions, challenges for SIGCHI

• we should learn with/from our students• cultural differences and changes; the new

challenge • ACM SIGCHI needs to develop new

curriculum guidelines• ACM SIGCHI still not enough international• ACM SIGCHI should pay more attention to

different design disciplines and their cultures

And, in fact, we are re-erecting our Educational focus