Laurent J. Lamarque

Ecology and Evolution of Invasive Maple Tree

Species

PhD oral examination

York UniversityNovember 27th,

2013

Advisors: Chris Lortie and Sylvain Delzon

Spiny water flea in North America

Argentine ant in South Africa Cane toad in Australia

Biological invasions: a worldwide phenomenon

Marine invasive species (Moles et al. 2008 FEE)

Context

- Major driver of the decline of biodiversity worldwide- Cost of control amounts to $120 billion/year in the USA

Gurevitch et al. 2011 Ecol. Lett.

Context

With important ecological and economic impacts

Pysek et al. 2008 Trends Ecol. Evol.

Context

Invasive plants have been well studied

Context

Centaurea stoebe Tamarix spp

Invasive plants NOT trees Invasive trees

Number of studies (ISI WoS) 1,535 222

Most intensively studied invasive species(Pysek et al. 2008 Trends. Ecol. Evol.)

14 2

But invasive trees are understudied

State of art

Propagule pressure

Resource availability

Disturbance

Facilitation

Competitive ability

Enemy release

Allelopathy

Biological invasions are complex processes

State of art

Resource availability

Disturbance

Facilitation

Competitive ability

Enemy release

Allelopathy

Biological invasions are complex processes

State of art

Are tree invaders different?

Biological invasions are complex processes

Acer negundo L.

Acer platanoides L.

Invasive maple trees = good candidates

Material

Method

Common gardens to study genetic differences

Method

Many single common garden studies

Method

Many single common garden studies

Leading to pitfalls of data interpretation

Williams et al. 2008 Oecologia

Recent advances

Appropriate test for genetic differentiationamong invaders: reciprocal common gardens

Recent advances

Few reciprocal common garden studiesNone on invasive trees

Recent advances

Evolution vs. pre-adaptation of plasticity

Recent advances

Recent advances

Evolution vs. pre-adaptation of plasticity

Are tree invaders different?

I. Population demography

II. Traits promoting invasiveness

III. Genetic and environmental determinism of traits

Objective: ecological and evolutionary processes of tree invasions

Hierro et al. 2005 J. Ecol.

I. Population demography

Importance of biogeography to study invasions

Lamarque et al. 2012 Ecography

I. Population demography

Acer negundo: higher abundance in its introduced range

I. Population demography

Lamarque et al. 2012 Ecography

This is not true for Acer platanoides

I. Population demography

Parker et al. 2013 Ecology

And this is not a universal pattern

Interactions traits*environment

I. Population demography

Parker et al. 2013 Ecology

And this is not a universal pattern

Interspecific comparisons across resource availability gradients

Meta-analysis on trait differences between native and invasive trees

II. Traits promoting invasiveness

Research on species traits tells us a lot

Interspecific comparisons across resource availability gradients

Meta-analysis on trait differences between native and invasive trees

Research on species traits tells us a lot

II. Traits promoting invasiveness

Porté, Lamarque et al. 2011 BMC Ecology

II. Traits promoting invasiveness

Acer negundo: increased plasticity to nutrient

II. Traits promoting invasiveness

Porté, Lamarque et al. 2011 BMC Ecology

Acer negundo: and higher trait values

Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Invasions

II. Traits promoting invasiveness

Is it a global pattern?

II. Traits promoting invasiveness

Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Invasions

Traits: good determinants of tree invasiveness

Hawkes 2007 Am. Nat.

Hawkes 2007 Am. Nat.

II. Traits promoting invasiveness

Reproduction may also be important

Porté, Lamarque et al. 2011 BMC Ecology

III. Determinism of traits

Genetic and environmental determinism?

Genetic and environmental determinism?

Reciprocal common gardens in species’ native and introduced ranges

Intraspecific comparison across a resource availability gradient

III. Determinism of traits

Common Garden in Canada

Koffler Scientific Reserve at Joker’s Hill, King City, ON

Common Garden in France

INRA Pierroton research station, Cestas, Gironde

III. Determinism of traits

Phenotypic variability: VP = VG + VE + VGXE

Genetic differentiation within garden

Tra

its

Garden 1

Populations XPopulations Y

III. Determinism of traits

Phenotypic variability: VP = VG + VE + VGXE

Genetic differentiation within garden

Tra

its

Garden 1 Garden 2

No VG

Populations XPopulations Y

III. Determinism of traits

Phenotypic variability: VP = VG + VE + VGXE

Genetic differentiation within garden

Tra

its

Garden 1 Garden 2 Garden 1 Garden 2

******

No VG VG

Populations XPopulations Y

III. Determinism of traits

Phenotypic variability: VP = VG + VE + VGXE

Phenotypic plasticity between gardens

Garden 1

Populations XPopulations Y

Garden 2

VG, no VE

Tra

it

Garden 1

Populations XPopulations Y

VG, VE

Garden 2

Populations XPopulations Y

VG, VE, VGXE

Garden 2Garden 1

III. Determinism of traits

Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted

Acer negundo

Genetic differentiation within garden (VG)

Expected Observed

Populations XPopulations Y

Invasive populationsNative populations

III. Determinism of traits

Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted

Acer negundo

Genetic differentiation within garden (VG)

Expected Observed

Populations XPopulations Y

Invasive populationsNative populations

III. Determinism of traits

Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted

Genetic differentiation within garden (VG)

Expected Observed

Populations XPopulations Y

Invasive populationsNative populations

Acer platanoides

III. Determinism of traits

Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted

Acer platanoides

Genetic differentiation within garden (VG)

Expected Observed

Populations XPopulations Y

Invasive populationsNative populations

III. Determinism of traits

Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted

Different plasticity for only two traits (VGXE)

Acer negundo

Observed

Invasive populationsNative populations

Populations XPopulations Y

Expected

Tra

it

III. Determinism of traits

Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted

Different plasticity for only two traits (VGXE)

Acer negundo

Observed

Invasive populationsNative populations

Populations XPopulations Y

Expected

Tra

it

Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted

III. Determinism of traits

Pre-adapted plasticity to nutrient availability

Acer negundo

Invasive populationsNative populations

ObservedExpected

Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted

III. Determinism of traits

Acer negundo

Invasive populationsNative populations

ObservedExpected

Invasiveness might be promotedby evolution to higher trait

valuesthan by evolved trait plasticity

Genetic and environmental determinism?

But more common gardens needed for VGXE

Zenni, Lamy, Lamarque and Porté. Biol. Inv. in press

III. Determinism of traits

VG ***VE ***VGXE ***

VG ***VE ***VGXE ***VGXE

2 ***

Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Inv.

Are tree invaders different?

Conclusion

Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Inv.

Conclusion

No they aren’t

Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Inv.

Conclusion

No they aren’t

Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Inv.

Conclusion

Invasiveness and invasibility contribute equally

Thank youMerci

Milesker

A. Porté

Chris Lortie and Sylvain Delzon

Laurent J. Lamarque

Ecology and Evolution of Invasive Maple Tree

Species

PhD oral examination

York UniversityNovember 27th,

2013

Advisors: Chris Lortie and Sylvain Delzon