Ecological Marine Units:A New Public-Private Partnership for the Global Ocean

Monterey Bay GIS User Group

Stanford U. Hopkins Marine Station

Pacific Grove, CA, May 25, 2017

Dawn Wright, Chief Scientist, Environmental Systems Research Institute (aka Esri)

Affiliated Professor, Oregon State University

Roger Sayre, USGS Senior Scientist for Ecosystems, Climate and Land Use Change

Sean Breyer, Esri ArcGIS Content Program Manager

GEOSS Task EC-01-C1 (2014) / GI-14 GECO (2016)

Global Ecosystem Classification and Mapping

• Develop a standardized, robust, and practical global ecosystems

classification and map for the planet’s terrestrial, freshwater,

and marine ecosystems.

• Dr. Roger Sayre, USGS, Task Lead

• Esri is a partner, engaged in producing and hosting the content

• Secretary Sally Jewell at the GEO 2015 Plenary in Mexico City:

“The US Geological Survey and Esri will develop a new map of

standardized global marine ecosystems”

Terrestrial Effort: Ecological Land Units (ELUs)

Land Cover

Lithology

Landform

Bioclimate Example: Warm Wet Plains on Metamorphic Rock

with Mostly Deciduous Forest

48,872 Combinations (Facets)

3,923 Unique Land Units/Colors

www.aag.org/global_ecosystems

esriurl.com/elu

esriurl.com/ecotapestry

esriurl.com/landscape

Ecological Marine Units (EMUs)

Who wants one?

GEO & GEOSS (GEO BON MBON, GECO)

Global Ocean Refuge System (GLORES)

IUCN, WWF, CI, Mission Blue Sylvia Earle

Alliance

FAO and ICES

OOI and IOOS/GOOS

Essential Ocean Variables community (e.g.,

World Climate Research Program)

Researchers

Educators

Local agencies who want the global context

Natl science agencies

Editors of textbooks

Why?

• Ecosystem Health, Resilience, Ecosystem Goods & Services;

Ecosystem Services Valuation

• Nature Conservation Reporting

• Conservation planning

• Ecosystem Classification

• Ecosystem Based Management

• Fisheries Management

• Marine Data Management

• Indicating Species Distributions

• Explaining and Understanding Nature

• Risk Reduction

• Context: Local related to Global

• System Connectivity

EMUs:

• cover all the ocean

• are 3D

• are based on best available data

• are independent of political,

social and economic influence

• Promote further understanding of

how the environment structures

biodiversity (including fisheries,

threatened species, etc.)

How is this different from what exists?

Graphic courtesy of Mark Costello et al., U. of Auckland, New Zealand

Based on NOAA’s World Ocean Atlas 2013 v. 2

Nitrate

Silicate

Phosphate

Temperature*

Salinity

Dissolved Oxygen

e.g., *Locarnini, R.A., A.V. Mishonov, J.I. Antonov, T.P. Boyer, H.E. Garcia, O.K. Baranova, and others. 2013. World Ocean Atlas 2013 version 2 (WOA13 V2), Volume 1: Temperature. In: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information S. Levitus, ed, and A. Mishonov, technical ed, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 73, doi:10.7289/V55X26VD, www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/

0 m

5500 m 100 m

100 m

5 m

10 m

25 m

EMU 3D Point Mesh Framework

UnitTop

SurfaceArea

5500 m

100 m

100 m

5 m

10 m

25 m

0 m

-5500 m

Feature AttributesDepth_Level

Temperature

Salinity

Dissolved Oxygen

Nitrate

Silicate

Phosphate

MODIS Ocean Color

PointID

QuarterID

UnitTop (m)

UnitMiddle (m)

UnitBottom (m)

Thickness (m)

ThicknessPos (m)

EMUID

EMU Name

GeomorphologyBase

GeomorphologyFeatures

SurfaceArea

Volume, SpecialCases

0 m

UnitBottom

Unit Middle

Th

ickn

ess

Volume

World Ocean Atlas EMUPoints

• K-means statistical clustering

• Backwards stepwise discriminant analysis

• Pseudo F-statistic 37 clusters

• Canonical discriminant analysis

EMU 13 Summary

Technical Name:

• Bathypelagic

• Very Cold

• Euhaline

• Hypoxic

• High Nitrate

• Medium Phosphate

• High Silicate

Common Name:

• Deep

• Very Cold

• Normal Salinity

• Low Oxygen

• High Nitrate

• Medium Phosphate

• High Silicate

EMU 13 Summary

Technical Name:

• Bathypelagic

• Very Cold

• Euhaline

• Hypoxic

• High Nitrate

• Medium Phosphate

• High Silicate

Common Name:

• Deep

• Very Cold

• Normal Salinity

• Low Oxygen

• High Nitrate

• Medium Phosphate

• High Silicate

Web A

pp

livingatlas.arcgis.com/emu

Mobile

App

App Store (iOS) or Google Play (Android)

Do Our Depth Findings Support

Traditional Ocean Zonation Concepts?

Figure courtesy of Paul R. Pinet, Invitation to Oceanography, 5th ed., Jones and Bartlett Publishers

Paper for peer-reviewed journal OceanographyFull Title:

A Three-Dimensional Mapping of the Ocean Based on Environmental Data

Short title:

A 3D Mapping of the Global Oceans

Author List

Roger G. Sayre1, Dawn J. Wright2, Sean P. Breyer2, Kevin A. Butler2, Keith Van Graafeiland2, Mark J. Costello3,

Peter T. Harris4, Kathleen L. Goodin5, John M. Guinotte6, Zeenatul Basher1, Maria T. Kavanaugh7, Patrick N.

Halpin8, Mark E. Monaco9, Noel Cressie10, Peter Aniello2, Charles E. Frye2, and Drew Stephens2.

1Land Change Science Program, United States Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, United States of America2Esri, Redlands, California, United States of America3Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand4GRID-Arendal, Arendal, Norway5NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America6United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver, Colorado, United States of America7Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America8Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America9National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America10National Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia

Ecological Marine Units (EMUs) at Depth

-400m

0m

-1200m

-2400m

-200m

-800m

-1800m

-3800m

Visualizing EMUs (Video)

www.esri.com/ecological-marine-units

Dissolved Oxygen

Ocean Currents

Barnier et al. Ocean Dynamics, 56: 543-567, 2006.

www.esri.com/ecological-marine-units

3D Fence or Curtain Diagrams esriurl.com/3dfence

esriurl.com/3dfence

geonet.esri.com/groups/ecological-marine-units

Next Stages

ADDITIONAL DATA

On the Surface

OBIS

More ocean color

In Water Column

**Seasonal TEMPORAL WOA data

Particulate Organic Carbon

OBIS

On the Seafloor

Reef/Vents features

Sediment sizes

**In Your Own Study Area with higher-rez data

TOOLS

Viewer Tools

3D Web Viewer

3D Cross Section (Fence)*

Analysis Tools

Compare Multiple Locations

Multidimensional Range Slider

3D Kriging

3D Geo Enrichment

Next Set of Global Ecosystem Maps: ECUs and EFUs

Ecological Coastal Units (ECUs) Ecological Freshwater Units (EFUs)

www.esri.com/ecological-marine-units

esriurl.com/emudata

geonet.esri.com/groups/ecological-marine-units

www.aag.org/cs/global_marine_ecosystems

Sayre et al., 2017, Oceanography, 30(1): 90-103.

Nature News feature, 3 January 2017

Dawn Wright, dwright@esri.com, @deepseadawn esriurl.com/ucocean2017