Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Ch. 29 Nutrition Notes

Coach Reyes

Weight and Body CompositionWeight and Body Composition

Weight management - a diet and exercise plan to maintain a desirable weight.

Desirable weight is the weight that is healthful for a person.

Body composition is the percentage of fat tissue and lean tissue in the body

Metabolism is the rate at which food is converted into energy.

How to make a weight management plan 

– A weight management plan is based on caloric intake and caloric expenditure.

– Caloric intake is the number of calories a person takes in from foods and beverages.

– Caloric expenditure is the number of calories a person uses for basal metabolic rate, digestion, and physical activity.

A body weight that is 10 percent or more below desirable body weight is underweight.

People who are underweight may be malnourished.

Malnutrition is a condition in which the body does not get the nutrients required for optimal health.

Overweight is a body weight that is 10 percent or more than desirable body weight.

Obesity is a body weight that is 20 percent or more than desirable body weight.

Steps to Lose Weight Healthfully

Decrease food intake. Select low calorie foods and beverages from each food group.

Follow the Dietary Guidelines. Be especially careful to choose low-fat and fat-free foods that are also low-calorie.

Stay active. Participate in regular physical activity.

Keep a journal. Record food and beverage intake and weight loss.

– A liquid diet is a diet in which beverages are substituted for some or all meals.

– Liquid diets sold in supermarkets and drugstores that do not require medical supervision can be dangerous.

What to Know About What to Know About Weight-Loss StrategiesWeight-Loss Strategies

– A fad diet is a quick weight-loss strategy that is popular for a short time.

– Some people try so many different diets that they never develop healthful eating habits.

– Some fad diets are dangerous.

– A starvation diet is a dangerous method of weight loss in which a person severely restricts calories.

What to Know About What to Know About Weight-Loss StrategiesWeight-Loss Strategies

– Some diet pills can be purchased without a prescription.Diet pills can be dangerous,

addictive, and ineffective. Teens who use diet pills often do

not get a balanced diet and may suffer from malnutrition.

What to Know About What to Know About Weight-Loss StrategiesWeight-Loss Strategies

Laxatives and diuretics – A laxative is a drug that helps a person

have a bowel movement.– A diuretic is a product that increases the

amount of urine excreted. – The use of laxatives or diuretics provides

temporary weight loss because it is only fluid loss.

– Fluid loss can be dangerous.

An eating disorder is a condition in which a person has a compelling need to starve, to binge, or to binge and purge.

To binge is to eat large amounts of food over a short period of time.

To purge is to rid the body of food by vomiting or by using laxatives and diuretics.

Eating disorders are addictions.

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which a person starves himself or herself and weighs 15 percent or more below desirable weight.

Anorexia nervosa, which usually is referred to as anorexia, is life-threatening.

What to Know About AnorexiaWhat to Know About Anorexia

Obsessed with being thin 

– People with anorexia do not recognize when they are dangerously thin.

– The disease can affect males and females, teens and adults.

– Many people with anorexia, especially teens, are obsessed with exercise and abuse laxatives, enemas, and diuretics.

What to Know About AnorexiaWhat to Know About Anorexia

Perfectionism– Teens with anorexia often are good

students and are obedient and respectful.

– They often set very high expectations for

themselves and feel inadequate if these expectations are not met.

– To try to gain back control, they starve themselves.

What to Know About AnorexiaWhat to Know About Anorexia

Treatment for anorexia nervosa – Treatment for anorexia involves a team

of professionals—physicians, nurses, dietitians, and mental-health professionals.

– A treatment plan is developed that deals with physical, mental, and emotional health problems.

What to Know About AnorexiaWhat to Know About Anorexia

How Anorexia Nervosa Harms Health

Teens with anorexia may have:

• dehydration and constipation,

abdominal pain and nausea,

hormonal changes, damage to body organs, decrease in heart rate

and blood pressure,

• impaired immune system function,

absence of menstruation in females,

hair loss and malnutrition, negative self-confidence, a lack of self-respect, depression and an urge

to withdraw.

Bulimia is an eating disorder in which a person binges and purges. Teens with bulimia may vomit or use

laxatives or diuretics to purge. Teens who have a negative body

image are at risk for bulimia. These teens often are insecure and

depressed.

What to Know About BulimiaWhat to Know About Bulimia

– Unlike teens with anorexia, teens with bulimia usually know they have a problem.

– They feel guilty and ashamed, but are unable to change their behavior.

– Many teens try to conceal their bulimic behavior.

What to Know About BulimiaWhat to Know About Bulimia

– Teens with bulimia may have dissolved tooth enamel, tooth decay, sore gums, enlarged salivary glands, and swollen cheeks.

– Bulimia may cause damage to the colon, heart, and kidneys.

– Treatment for bulimia involves a team of professionals who deal with physical and emotional health problems.

What to Know About BulimiaWhat to Know About Bulimia

Signs of Bulimia in Teens

Teens with bulimia may:• binge in private, but

eat regular amounts when with others,

have one secret place in which to binge,

steal food or hide it in a secret place,

think about food constantly and plan each binge carefully,

• buy or steal special treats or meals for a binge,

gulp food quickly while bingeing so as not to be discovered,

steal money to purchase food, or steal from stores

exercise and diet excessively between binges.

Binge eating disorder is an eating disorder in which a person cannot control eating and eats excessive amounts.

Binge eating disorder is more common in females.

Teens with this disorder turn to food as a substitute for coping and, after time, become addicted to food.

Teens with binge eating disorder need medical and psychological help.