©2013 Copyrighted by Charles William Johnson All rights reserved.

Earth/matriX: SCIENCE IN ANCIENT ARTWORK

Charles William Johnson

Earth/matriX EditionsP.O. Box 231126, New Orleans, Louisiana 70183-1126, USA

www.earthmatrix.comISSN 1536-33128 August 2013

The Geometry of Ancient Sitesin Middle America

©2013 Copyrighted by Charles William Johnson All rights reserved.

In a previous Earth/matriX essay on the geometry of ancient sites, the concept of a distance “baseline” was employed to analyze patterns among ancient sites around the world.The ancient sites of Middle America demonstrate a similar practice of employing baselines for the placement of the ancient monumental sites. In this brief introduction to their study, a few patterns of the baselines are illustrated. An extensive study of the relational distance patterns shall be forthcoming shortly. For now, the theme is being introduced in an abbreviated manner.

Palenque Piedras Negras

Distance Baseline:Palenque - Piedras Negras

©2013 Copyrighted by Charles William Johnson All rights reserved.

There are far too many relationships among the ancient sites of Middle America to point out each one in this brief introduction. The illustration here shows the baseline distance between the ancient sites of Bonampak and Palenque, Mexico.The baseline distance is then compared to other ancient sites as shown in the various circles marked off from selected sites.The potential of the analytical approach based on distance baselines among the ancient sites concerns the possibility of discovering ancient sites along the relevant distance lines possibly heretofore unknown.

Palenque

BonampakPusilha

Tikal

Río Bec

Huntichmul

Chichén Itzá

©2013 Copyrighted by Charles William Johnson All rights reserved.Source: Archaeological Map of Middle America,

National Geographic Society, 1968.

TikalPalenque

Zacapa

Dzibilnacac

Distance Baseline:Palenque - TikalRío Bec - BonampakOxpemul - Agua Escondida

Río Bec

BonampakAgua Escondida

Oxpemul

©2013 Copyrighted by Charles William Johnson All rights reserved.

TikalPalenque

Distance Baseline:Palenque - Tikal

Source: Archaeological Map of Middle America, National Geographic Society, 1968.

©2013 Copyrighted by Charles William Johnson All rights reserved.

Source: Archaeological Map of Middle America, National Geographic Society, 1968.

Distance Baseline:Palenque - ComalcalcoSelected Comparisons

The site of Comalcalco is the westernmost Maya site

with unique brick structures.

Comalcalco

Palenque

©2013 Copyrighted by Charles William Johnson All rights reserved.

TeotihuacanTenochtitlan[Mexico City]

AcatlanAcatlan F.

MonteAlban Mitla

Guiengola

Ixtepec

Pico de Orizaba

Two DifferentDistance Baselines:

Tenochtitlan - Acatlán

Teotihuacan - Acatlán F.

Selected Comparisons

Note natural relationto Mount Pico de Orizaba

It is worthwhileto contemplatethe patterns of symmetric placement of the ancient sites against the wandering, random path taken by Hernán Cortéz and his Sixteenth Century Conquistadores.

Route ofCortés1519

They knew not amongst whom they wandered.

Source: Archaeological Map of Middle America, National Geographic Society, 1968.

©2013 Copyrighted by Charles William Johnson All rights reserved.

Earth/matriX: SCIENCE IN ANCIENT ARTWORK

Charles William Johnson

Earth/matriX EditionsP.O. Box 231126, New Orleans, Louisiana 70183-1126, USAwww.earthmatrix.comISSN 1536-33128 August 2013

The Geometry of Ancient Sitesin Middle America