Post on 20-Jan-2016
Dr Pedro Amarante Andrade, Ph.D.Dr Pedro Amarante Andrade, Ph.D.
Head & Neck 3Head & Neck 3Muscles of facial expression, Muscles of facial expression,
blood supply &blood supply &cranial nervescranial nerves
LCSC06LCSC06 BIOSCIENCES BIOSCIENCES
FOR SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPYFOR SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPY
LCSC06LCSC06 BIOSCIENCES BIOSCIENCES
FOR SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPYFOR SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPY
Cranial nerves
Muscles of facial expression and mastication
Blood supply
THIS SESSIONTHIS SESSION
MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECKMUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
Aim:describe origin, insertion, action and
innervation of the muscles of facial expression and mastication.
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
• Scalp • Mouth
• Upper face: orbit and eyebrows • Neck
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONMUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONSCALPSCALP
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION Occipitofrontalis
Frontal bellyEpicranial
aponeurosis superior to
supra orbital margin
Occipital belly Occipital bone and mastoid process of
temporal bone
Epicranial aponeurosis
Wikicommons. Athor: K. Hajek and A. Schmitson
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION - MOUTHMUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION - MOUTHMUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION
Obicularis oris
Muscle fibres surrounding opening of
mouth
at corner of mouth
Zygomaticus major
Zygomatic bone at angle of mouth and
obicularis oris
Zygomaticus minor
Zygomatic bone Upper lip
EXAM QUESTION - SAMPLEEXAM QUESTION - SAMPLE
Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax College
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION
Levator labii
superioris
Superior to infraorbital
foramen of maxilla
at angle of mouth and
obicularis oris
Depressor labii
inferioris
Mandible lower lip
Depressor anguli oris
Mandible Angle of mouth
Levator anguli oris
Inferior to infraorbital foramen
lower lip
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION - MOUTHMUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION - MOUTH
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION
Buccinator Alveolar process of maxilla and
mandible
Obicularis oris
Risorius Facia over parotid gland
(saliva)
angle of mouth
Mentalis mandible Lower lip
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION - MOUTHMUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION - MOUTH
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION
Orbicularis oculiCN VII
Medial wall of orbit Circular path around orbit
Corrugator supercilii
CN VII
Medial end of superciliary arch of
frontal bone
eyebrow
Levator palpebrae superioris
CN VII
Roof of orbit (lesser wing of sphenoid
bone)
Skin of upper eyelid
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION – Orbit & MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION – Orbit & eyebroweyebrow
EXAM QUESTION - SAMPLEEXAM QUESTION - SAMPLE
Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax College
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION
Platysma CN VII
Facia over deltoid and pectoralis
major muscles
Mandible, muscle
around angle of mouth
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION – NeckMUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION – Neck
Wikicommons. Portret can een mano 005. Author: Gert Germeraad
FACIAL EXPRESSIONSFACIAL EXPRESSIONS
Check out this website:
http://www.artnatomia.net/uk/artnatomyApplication.html
MUSCLES OF MASTICATIONMUSCLES OF MASTICATION
• Biting • Chewing
• Manipulating
Cranial nerves: Mandibular division of CN
V(trigeminal)
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION
Temporalis Temporal fossa Anterior border of mandible
Masseter Zygomatic arch Lateral surface of angle and ramus of mandible
Medial pterygoid
(previously internal)
Sphenoid bone(lateral pterygoid
plate)
Ramus of the mandible
Lateral or External
pterygoid
Sphenoid bone(infratemporal
surface) + Maxilla
Mandibular condyle
MUSCLES OF MASTICATIONMUSCLES OF MASTICATION
Anatomy of the Human Body. Gray’s Anatomy.Henry Vandyke Carter
MUSCLES OF MASTICATIONMUSCLES OF MASTICATION
Maxilla
Lateral Pterygoid
MUSCLES OF MASTICATIONMUSCLES OF MASTICATION
MedialPterygoid
Sphenoidbone
BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE HEAD & NECK BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE HEAD & NECK
Blood supply to the head and neck
• Common carotid arteries
• Vertebral arteries
BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE HEAD & NECK BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE HEAD & NECK
Blood supply to the head and neck
• Common carotid arteries
• Vertebral arteries
Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax College
COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES
Two branches in upper neck
• INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES
• EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES
Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax College
FACIAL ARTERIESFACIAL ARTERIESBranches from external
carotid arteriesSupplies blood to skin of:
• Chin• Lips
• External nose• Anterior parts of nasal
cavities• Pharynx
Anatomy of the Human Body. Gray’s Anatomy.Henry Vandyke Carter
MAXILLARY ARTERIESMAXILLARY ARTERIES
Supplies deep structures of the face
Anatomy of the Human Body. Gray’s Anatomy.Henry Vandyke Carter
Superficial temporal arteriesSuperficial temporal arteries
Supplies blood to temporal region and scalp
Supplies deep structures of the face
Anatomy of the Human Body. Gray’s Anatomy.Henry Vandyke Carter
VERTEBRAL ARTERIESVERTEBRAL ARTERIESPass through foramen in
cervical vertebrae
A branch of the subclavian arteries which supplies the
brain
Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax College
CIRCLE OF WILLISCIRCLE OF WILLIS
Joining area of several
arteries at the inferior to the
brain
BLOOD DRAINAGE TO THE HEAD & BLOOD DRAINAGE TO THE HEAD & NECK NECK
Drainage of the head and neck:
JUGULAR VEINS
Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax College
VENOUS DRAINAGEVENOUS DRAINAGE
INTERNAL JUGULAR VEINS• Large vessels formed at base of skull by veins
draining blood as they leave the cranial cavity• Run alongside internal and common carotid
arteries and receive numerous tributaries from other tissues and organs of the face and neck as they pass down the neck
EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEINSEXTERNAL JUGULAR VEINS
-smaller than internal
• Formed from tributary veins draining the superficial face and scalp (deep and superficial)
Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax College
THE CRANIAL NERVESTHE CRANIAL NERVES
I. Olfactory nerveII. Optic nerveIII. Oculomotor nerveIV. Trochlear nerve V. Trigeminal nerveVI. Abducens VII. Facial nerve
VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve
IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve
X. Vagus XI. Accessory nerveXII. Hypoglossal nerve
THE CRANIAL NERVESTHE CRANIAL NERVES
Wikicommons. Public Domain.
Wikicommons. Brain human normal inferior view. Author: Patrick J. Lynch
CRANIAL NERVES 3CRANIAL NERVES 3TRIGEMINAL NERVE (CN V)TRIGEMINAL NERVE (CN V)
DIVISION ACTION IMPAIRED FUNCTION MAY RESULT IN:
Sensory: opthalmic
Sensation to forehead and scalp
Deficits in sensation (touch, pain, temp & proprioception): forehead and scalp
Sensory: maxillary
Sensation to nose, temples, upper cheeks
and lower eyelids
Deficits in sensation: nose, temples, upper cheeks, lower eyelids
Sensory: mandibular
Sensation to lower gum and anterior 2/3 of tongue
Defecits in sensation: mucosal membrane of lower gum & ant 2/3 of tongue
Motor functions
Innervates muscles of mastication
Jaw deviation, weak velopharyngeal closure , paralysis of masticators
TRIGEMINAL NERVE TRIGEMINAL NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE V)(CRANIAL NERVE V)
MedicalLook, Your medical world.http://www.medicalook.com/human_anatomy/
organs/Trigeminal_nerve.html
Facial Pain Relief. http://www.facialpainrelief.com/trigeminal-
neuralgia/
CRANIAL NERVES 4CRANIAL NERVES 4FACIAL NERVE (CN VII)FACIAL NERVE (CN VII)
ACTION OF NERVE IMPAIRED FUNCTION MAY RESULT IN:
Sensory and motor functions:•Controls muscles of facial
expression•Taste-ant 2/3 of tongue•Eye lubrication: lacrimal
gland•Salivation (sub mandibular
and sublingual glands)
•Excessive secretions from submandibular and sub lingual
salivary glands•Facial paralysis/flaccidity
asymmetry•Hyperacusia
•Ptosis or eye drooping
FACIAL NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE VII)FACIAL NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE VII)
Yale University School of Medicine. http://www.yale.edu/cnerves/cn7/cn7_2.html
CRANIAL NERVES 6CRANIAL NERVES 6GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (IX) GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (IX)
FUNCTION ACTION OF NERVE IMPAIRED FUNCTION MAY RESULT IN:
Sensory function
Taste & sensation: posterior 2/3 of tongue
Cutaneous pressure receptors on palatal arch, soft palate, tonsils & Eustachian
tube Somatic sensation of upper pharynx
Gag: sensory element
Loss of sensation and taste to posterior 2/3
of tongueDiminished/absent gag
Motor function
Velopharyngeal closureUpper pharyngeal constrictor muscles
Impaired vf closure resulting in nasal escape of bolus
Impaired laryngeal elevation
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (IX)GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (IX)
ENT for you and me. http://entforyouandme.blogspot.co.uk/2012_12_01_archive.html
CRANIAL NERVESCRANIAL NERVESVAGUS XVAGUS X
NERVE FUNCTION IMPAIRED FUNCTION MAY RESULT IN…
Sensory Taste receptors in pharynx (umami)
Visceral sensation
Isolated leisions uncommon
Motor Pharyngeal reflexes-(gag:motor response)
Pharyngeal movement: pharyngeal constrictor musclesLaryngeal function
Upper oesophageal sphincter function
Peristalsis/motility
Paralysis of soft palate/pharynx and larynx
Inspiratory stridorAspiration / choking
Aphonia
VAGUS XVAGUS X
Wikicommons. Author: Jkwchui
VAGUS XVAGUS X
Breatheology optimized health & performance. https://www.breatheology.com/articles/delicate-nervous-system/
CRANIAL NERVES 7CRANIAL NERVES 7HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XII)HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XII)
NERVE IMPAIRED FUNCTION MAY RESULT IN…
Sensory function
Nil Nil motor function only
Motor function
Tongue: intrinsic and extrinsic muscles
Fine movements for speech Bolus manipulation
Mixing bolus with salivaAnterior-posterior movement of
bolusHyoid movement (supra/infra hyoid
muscles)
Dysarthria Difficulty controlling /manipulating bolus
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XII)HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XII)
Memrise. http://www.memrise.com/mem/1111304/hypoglossal-nerve/
Wikicommons. Author: Mukherjee SK, Gowshami CB, Salam A, Kuddus R, Farazi MA,
Baksh J
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XII)HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XII)
Link In. http://www.slideshare.net/fuadredza/anatomy-of-the-tongue
PRACTICAL: SELF STUDY TASKPRACTICAL: SELF STUDY TASK
http://www.artnatomia.net/
ARTNATOMY/ARTANATOMIAVictoria Contreras Flores
Spain, 2005
work out which facial muscles are used for:
Surprise; Crying; Smiling
Which muscles are used when?
Doubt, Vocalising and Sleep