Dr Pedro Amarante Andrade, Ph.D. Head & Neck 3 Muscles of facial expression, blood supply & cranial...

Dr Pedro Amarante Andrade, Ph.D.Dr Pedro Amarante Andrade, Ph.D.

Head & Neck 3Head & Neck 3Muscles of facial expression, Muscles of facial expression,

blood supply &blood supply &cranial nervescranial nerves

LCSC06LCSC06 BIOSCIENCES BIOSCIENCES

FOR SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPYFOR SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPY

LCSC06LCSC06 BIOSCIENCES BIOSCIENCES

FOR SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPYFOR SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPY

Cranial nerves

Muscles of facial expression and mastication

Blood supply

THIS SESSIONTHIS SESSION

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECKMUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Aim:describe origin, insertion, action and

innervation of the muscles of facial expression and mastication.

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

• Scalp • Mouth

• Upper face: orbit and eyebrows • Neck

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONMUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONSCALPSCALP

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION Occipitofrontalis

Frontal bellyEpicranial

aponeurosis superior to

supra orbital margin

Occipital belly Occipital bone and mastoid process of

temporal bone

Epicranial aponeurosis

Wikicommons. Athor: K. Hajek and A. Schmitson

https://human.biodigital.com/

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION - MOUTHMUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION - MOUTHMUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION

Obicularis oris

Muscle fibres surrounding opening of

mouth

at corner of mouth

Zygomaticus major

Zygomatic bone at angle of mouth and

obicularis oris

Zygomaticus minor

Zygomatic bone Upper lip

EXAM QUESTION - SAMPLEEXAM QUESTION - SAMPLE

Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax College

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION

Levator labii

superioris

Superior to infraorbital

foramen of maxilla

at angle of mouth and

obicularis oris

Depressor labii

inferioris

Mandible lower lip

Depressor anguli oris

Mandible Angle of mouth

Levator anguli oris

Inferior to infraorbital foramen

lower lip

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION - MOUTHMUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION - MOUTH


Buccinator Alveolar process of maxilla and

mandible

Obicularis oris

Risorius Facia over parotid gland

(saliva)

angle of mouth

Mentalis mandible Lower lip

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION - MOUTHMUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION - MOUTH

http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/mentalis-muscle


Orbicularis oculiCN VII

Medial wall of orbit Circular path around orbit

Corrugator supercilii

CN VII

Medial end of superciliary arch of

frontal bone

eyebrow

Levator palpebrae superioris

CN VII

Roof of orbit (lesser wing of sphenoid

bone)

Skin of upper eyelid

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION – Orbit & MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION – Orbit & eyebroweyebrow

EXAM QUESTION - SAMPLEEXAM QUESTION - SAMPLE



Platysma CN VII

Facia over deltoid and pectoralis

major muscles

Mandible, muscle

around angle of mouth

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION – NeckMUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION – Neck

Wikicommons. Portret can een mano 005. Author: Gert Germeraad

FACIAL EXPRESSIONSFACIAL EXPRESSIONS

Check out this website:

http://www.artnatomia.net/uk/artnatomyApplication.html




MUSCLES OF MASTICATIONMUSCLES OF MASTICATION

• Biting • Chewing

• Manipulating

Cranial nerves: Mandibular division of CN

V(trigeminal)


Temporalis Temporal fossa Anterior border of mandible

Masseter Zygomatic arch Lateral surface of angle and ramus of mandible

Medial pterygoid

(previously internal)

Sphenoid bone(lateral pterygoid

plate)

Ramus of the mandible

Lateral or External

pterygoid

Sphenoid bone(infratemporal

surface) + Maxilla

Mandibular condyle



Temporalis

Masseter


Anatomy of the Human Body. Gray’s Anatomy.Henry Vandyke Carter


Maxilla

Lateral Pterygoid



MedialPterygoid

Sphenoidbone



BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE HEAD & NECK BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE HEAD & NECK

Blood supply to the head and neck

• Common carotid arteries

• Vertebral arteries

COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES

Two branches in upper neck

• INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES

• EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES


FACIAL ARTERIESFACIAL ARTERIESBranches from external

carotid arteriesSupplies blood to skin of:

• Chin• Lips

• External nose• Anterior parts of nasal

cavities• Pharynx


MAXILLARY ARTERIESMAXILLARY ARTERIES

Supplies deep structures of the face


Superficial temporal arteriesSuperficial temporal arteries

Supplies blood to temporal region and scalp

Supplies deep structures of the face


VERTEBRAL ARTERIESVERTEBRAL ARTERIESPass through foramen in

cervical vertebrae

A branch of the subclavian arteries which supplies the

brain


CIRCLE OF WILLISCIRCLE OF WILLIS

Joining area of several

arteries at the inferior to the

brain

BLOOD DRAINAGE TO THE HEAD & BLOOD DRAINAGE TO THE HEAD & NECK NECK

Drainage of the head and neck:

JUGULAR VEINS


VENOUS DRAINAGEVENOUS DRAINAGE

INTERNAL JUGULAR VEINS• Large vessels formed at base of skull by veins

draining blood as they leave the cranial cavity• Run alongside internal and common carotid

arteries and receive numerous tributaries from other tissues and organs of the face and neck as they pass down the neck

EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEINSEXTERNAL JUGULAR VEINS

-smaller than internal

• Formed from tributary veins draining the superficial face and scalp (deep and superficial)


THE CRANIAL NERVESTHE CRANIAL NERVES

I. Olfactory nerveII. Optic nerveIII. Oculomotor nerveIV. Trochlear nerve V. Trigeminal nerveVI. Abducens VII. Facial nerve

VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve

IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve

X. Vagus XI. Accessory nerveXII. Hypoglossal nerve

THE CRANIAL NERVESTHE CRANIAL NERVES

Wikicommons. Public Domain.

Wikicommons. Brain human normal inferior view. Author: Patrick J. Lynch

CRANIAL NERVES 3CRANIAL NERVES 3TRIGEMINAL NERVE (CN V)TRIGEMINAL NERVE (CN V)

DIVISION ACTION IMPAIRED FUNCTION MAY RESULT IN:

Sensory: opthalmic

Sensation to forehead and scalp

Deficits in sensation (touch, pain, temp & proprioception): forehead and scalp

Sensory: maxillary

Sensation to nose, temples, upper cheeks

and lower eyelids

Deficits in sensation: nose, temples, upper cheeks, lower eyelids

Sensory: mandibular

Sensation to lower gum and anterior 2/3 of tongue

Defecits in sensation: mucosal membrane of lower gum & ant 2/3 of tongue

Motor functions

Innervates muscles of mastication

Jaw deviation, weak velopharyngeal closure , paralysis of masticators

TRIGEMINAL NERVE TRIGEMINAL NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE V)(CRANIAL NERVE V)

MedicalLook, Your medical world.http://www.medicalook.com/human_anatomy/

organs/Trigeminal_nerve.html

Facial Pain Relief. http://www.facialpainrelief.com/trigeminal-

neuralgia/

CRANIAL NERVES 4CRANIAL NERVES 4FACIAL NERVE (CN VII)FACIAL NERVE (CN VII)

ACTION OF NERVE IMPAIRED FUNCTION MAY RESULT IN:

Sensory and motor functions:•Controls muscles of facial

expression•Taste-ant 2/3 of tongue•Eye lubrication: lacrimal

gland•Salivation (sub mandibular

and sublingual glands)

•Excessive secretions from submandibular and sub lingual

salivary glands•Facial paralysis/flaccidity

asymmetry•Hyperacusia

•Ptosis or eye drooping

FACIAL NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE VII)FACIAL NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE VII)

Yale University School of Medicine. http://www.yale.edu/cnerves/cn7/cn7_2.html

CRANIAL NERVES 6CRANIAL NERVES 6GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (IX) GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (IX)

FUNCTION ACTION OF NERVE IMPAIRED FUNCTION MAY RESULT IN:

Sensory function

Taste & sensation: posterior 2/3 of tongue

Cutaneous pressure receptors on palatal arch, soft palate, tonsils & Eustachian

tube Somatic sensation of upper pharynx

Gag: sensory element

Loss of sensation and taste to posterior 2/3

of tongueDiminished/absent gag

Motor function

Velopharyngeal closureUpper pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Impaired vf closure resulting in nasal escape of bolus

Impaired laryngeal elevation

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (IX)GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (IX)

ENT for you and me. http://entforyouandme.blogspot.co.uk/2012_12_01_archive.html

CRANIAL NERVESCRANIAL NERVESVAGUS XVAGUS X

NERVE FUNCTION IMPAIRED FUNCTION MAY RESULT IN…

Sensory Taste receptors in pharynx (umami)

Visceral sensation

Isolated leisions uncommon

Motor Pharyngeal reflexes-(gag:motor response)

Pharyngeal movement: pharyngeal constrictor musclesLaryngeal function

Upper oesophageal sphincter function

Peristalsis/motility

Paralysis of soft palate/pharynx and larynx

Inspiratory stridorAspiration / choking

Aphonia

VAGUS XVAGUS X

Wikicommons. Author: Jkwchui

VAGUS XVAGUS X

Breatheology optimized health & performance. https://www.breatheology.com/articles/delicate-nervous-system/

CRANIAL NERVES 7CRANIAL NERVES 7HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XII)HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XII)

NERVE IMPAIRED FUNCTION MAY RESULT IN…

Sensory function

Nil Nil motor function only

Motor function

Tongue: intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

Fine movements for speech Bolus manipulation

Mixing bolus with salivaAnterior-posterior movement of

bolusHyoid movement (supra/infra hyoid

muscles)

Dysarthria Difficulty controlling /manipulating bolus

HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XII)HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XII)

Memrise. http://www.memrise.com/mem/1111304/hypoglossal-nerve/

Wikicommons. Author: Mukherjee SK, Gowshami CB, Salam A, Kuddus R, Farazi MA,

Baksh J

http://www.memrise.com/mem/1111304/hypoglossal-nerve/

HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XII)HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XII)

Link In. http://www.slideshare.net/fuadredza/anatomy-of-the-tongue

PRACTICAL: SELF STUDY TASKPRACTICAL: SELF STUDY TASK

http://www.artnatomia.net/

ARTNATOMY/ARTANATOMIAVictoria Contreras Flores

Spain, 2005

work out which facial muscles are used for:

Surprise; Crying; Smiling

Which muscles are used when?

Doubt, Vocalising and Sleep

http://www.artnatomia.net/

Dr Pedro Amarante Andrade, Ph.D. Head & Neck 3 Muscles of facial expression, blood supply & cranial...

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