Post on 09-Aug-2020
Robert James
Rutgers
Date 3/26/2018
Contact rojames@hntb.com
(732) 689-1989
Disruptive Transportation Technologies
DISRUPTIVE FORCES AT WORK
• Technological advances offer both
challenges and opportunities for
transit clients
• Disruption can be negative if we
allow it to be
• The future is not something we can
leave to chance
Eight Game Changers
•Rail Signaling Technology (PTC/CBTC)•Automated Shuttles•Bus Automation•Connected Vehicle Solutions•Bus Electrification Facilities•Mobility Hubs• Integrated TNC Solutions• IoT/Big Data
Beginning of Connected Automated Vehicles
4
• I first Presented at ITS America 1994
• It was one of the FHWA Concept Families
• Showed how the infrastructure communications and vehicle sensor technology would evolve to give us Connected Automated Vehicles
MTA Genius Challenge
Connected Vehicles (CV) and Ultrawideband (UWB) for Location and Communication Based Train Control
Enhanced G
PS
vs U
WB
on 6
thA
ve
Enhanced GPS
Ultra-wideband
Phase 1
Non-proprietary
Standards Based
CV/UWB Many Vendors
Low Cost
WirelessIntegrated
Lighting
Rapid
Deployment
Non-vital Advanced
Cab Signaling
Phase 2
Vital
CBTC/PTC
CBTC and Cab Signaling
Co-locatio
n
Train to Wayside Communiction
(Location/Signal-Switch Indications)
Train to Train Communications
UWB Wayside
Transponder in
Existing Lighting
DSRC/CV Radio
Wayside Unit
Existing/New CBTCZone Controller or
Signals Field End Point
Up/Down StreamLocation Data
Co-location
CV/UWB On-board
Unit & Antenna
Advanced
Cab Signaling
Display
VOBC
Emergency
Brake
Speed
On-board Equipment (OBE)
Door
Controllerer
Maintenance
Bus
UWB Wayside
Transponder in
Existing Lighting
Total Situational Awareness
High accuracy low latency
UWB
• Train Spacing
• Safety –Total Situational Awareness
• Compatibility
• Cost
• Reliability & Resiliency
• Power & Space Constraints• Installation Time
Core Signaling Benefits
Public Benefits by 2020
• Onboard WiFi
• Safer efficient advanced
cab signaling
Public Benefits by 2024
• Safer automated control
• Trespasser detection
• More frequent service
Drone Inspection
and Maintenance
Other Benefits from CV & Total Situational Awareness
Right-of-way
Worker protection
Yard & Non-revenue
Equipment tracking
Public Onboard WiFi Precision asset
management and trackingTrespasser Detection
Phase 1
Just to name a few
• Challenges
• Dealing with signaling vendors – minimal in Phase 1 only
• Dealing with train car vendors – minimal in Phase 2 only
• Vital safety certification of new technology
• Costs
• Phase 1 - $100M - $200M – Communications deployment and Cab signaling
• Phase 2 - $100M - $200M – Full CBTC deployment
• Compare to $20 billion cost for current CBTC technologies
• Low life cycle maintenance costs
Biggest saving comes with easy installation in existing lighting during normal maintenance cycles. No major track outages for in track work and wiring.
Challenges and Costs
Retrofit Existing Monorail Structure
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Repurposing Existing Infrastructure
Jacksonville Transportation Authority :: Skyway
Jacksonville Transportation Authority :: Skyway
Repurposing Existing Infrastructure
APM – CV/AV ComparisonAPM CV/AV
Service Flexibility Fixed Route and ScheduleOn-Demand, Real-Time, Dynamic
Schedule
Vehicle Fleet Flexibility None Mixed Vehicle Size
Vendor Options Limited Many
Tracks, Interlocking, Switches, Electrical Substations, Power
Required Not Required
Longitudinal/Lateral Control Tracks Sensors and Algorithms
Aligned with Future Mobility Trends No Yes
Deployment Cost High Infrastructure Cost Minimal Infrastructure Cost
O&M Costs High Low
Construction Duration High Low
Deployments to DateMultiple Deployments in US and
Around the WorldMostly Short- and Long-Term Trials
in US and Around the World
NY/NJ AV Legislation N/AAV Testing Legal in NY
NJ Senate Bill Introduced
AUTOMATED SHUTTLES• Low-Speed, Multi-Passenger Vehicles
• Established Routes or Separate Facilities
• Operational in Heathrow, Las Vegas, Dubai, University of Michigan
• Use Cases and Services• First and last mile service• Circulation for campuses, residential developments and CBDs
• Current HNTB Projects – Planning Stage• JTA U2C Program• HART Shuttle• PennDOT – PSU Harrisburg• Smart Columbus• Foxconn Development (Wisconsin DOT)• JFK Airport
• Other Opportunities• Airports (APM replacement, access to airport landside services)• Treasure Island (SFCTA)• SWBID – District of Columbia DOT
Existing CV/AV Shuttle ExamplesLondon Heathrow POD ULTra PRT
Existing CV/AV Shuttle Examples
Heathrow Airport University of Michigan
Las Vegas
Existing CV/AV Shuttle ExamplesAmsterdam Schiphol Airport Rivium GRT - Parkshuttle
Existing CV/AV Shuttle Bus Options (Larger Vehicles – 24+ passengers)
Amsterdam Airport :: Mercedes-Benz Future Bus Eugene, Oregon :: EmX Articulated
Existing CV/AV Shuttle Bus Options (Mini Shuttles – 12 passengers)
Local Motors/Intel’s OlliHelsinki/Oslo/Tokyo - EZ-10 electric Mini
Buses
Netherlands ParkShuttle – 2getthere GRTGreece/Spain CityMobile2
CV/AV TechnologiesAutonomous Vehicles Connected
Vehicles
BusPlatooning UWB
BUS AUTOMATION
• Higher Speed on Dedicated Roadways or Lanes
• Slow Adoption Rate Among Bus Manufacturers and Clients
• Shuttle Makers Evaluating Market Opportunities to Fill Void
• Current HNTB Projects• Lincoln Tunnel Pilot Concept
• MDX XT Lane Concept
• HNTB Opportunities• Osceola County, FL
Connected Automated Deployment in NYC
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XBL thru NYC Lincoln Tunnel (1900 Bus retrofit through dedicated lane)
Automated Vehicles Components
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Safe Gap Separation Policy
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• Vehicles generate force fields based on individual vehicle dynamic capabilities and uncertainties
• Infrastructure exerts forces based on hard and soft delimiters
• Obstacles exert forces based on uncertainty from expected motion
Safe Gap Difference
26
• Spacing maximized for safety
• Can get close together as density increases based on response capabilities and relative dynamic capabilities
• Lateral and longitudinal behavior is coupled
Response-time Safe Gap Spacing
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Ultrawideband in NYC
28 NYC CV Pilot use of Ultra-wideband https://youtu.be/ZycoQmnNo18
V2X Accuracy Not Sufficient
Enhanced GPS vs UWB on 6th Ave
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Enhanced GPS
Ultra-wideband
Sensor Limitations V2X & Sensor Fusion (Longitudinal)
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• Conventional Sensors (Radar, Vision, Lidar) have problems with weather, curves, hills, obstructions
• Connected V2X w/Ultra-wideband solve these scenarios
Stra
igh
t R
oad
Goo
d W
eath
er
Ob
stac
le D
etec
tio
n
Cur
ved
Ro
ad
Ver
tica
l Cu
rves
Sno
w &
Rai
n
Dir
ty W
ind
shie
ld
Hea
vy S
now
or
Ice
Mer
gin
g Tr
affi
c
Mul
tipl
e O
bje
cts
Bey
ond
Lin
e of
Sig
htM
ulti
ple
V2
V V
ehic
les
Ob
stac
les/
Ped
estr
ians
Ro
ad H
azar
ds/
Poth
ole
sTu
nnel
s/U
rban
Can
yon
Spee
d L
imit
Det
ecti
on
Radar $
Vision $
LIDAR $$$
V2X $
UWB $
Longitudinal Control
Sensor Limitations V2X & Sensor Fusion (Lateral)
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• Conventional Sensors have problems with poor lane markings, work zones, merging, weather, obstructions, objects beyond line of sight
• Connected V2X w/Ultra-wideband solve these scenariosG
ood
Lan
e M
arki
ngs
Goo
d W
eath
er
Poo
r La
ne
Mar
king
s
Mer
gin
g Tr
affi
c
Sno
w &
Rai
n
Goo
d V
isib
ility
Bey
ond
Lin
e of
Sig
htSi
gnal
Ph
ase
Sno
w &
Rai
n
Ob
stac
les/
Ped
estr
ians
Sign
al T
imin
g
Sign
al P
rio
rity
Trav
el L
ane
s
Radar $
Vision $
LIDAR $$$
V2X $
UWB $
Lateral Control Intersection
Uber Crash
Where are we going with Automated Vehicles?
•Near Term• Low-speed autonomous fixed route deployments•High-speed Semi-dedicated connected facilities•Automated Trains
•Mid Term• Low speed 1st/Last Mile On Demand Shuttles•Automated Vehicle Guideways replacing rail at
airports, subways, commuter rail and long haul• Long Term•Automated Mobility on Demand
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CONNECTED VEHICLE SOLUTIONS
• Signal Phase and Timing• Transit Signal Priority
• BRT Solutions
• Eco-Driving
• Safety Applications• Intersection Collision
Avoidance
• Queue Warnings
• Passenger Boarding
• Pedestrian Safety
• Congestion Reduction• Traveler Information
• Routing and Navigation
• Location Services
HNTB Project Examples:• NJDOT TSP/Connectivity• Tampa CV Pilot• Smart Columbus• FDOT FRAME Program
HNTB Opportunities:• Houston Metro BRT• HART
Transit Signal Priority/Emergency Vehicle Preemption
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1) Swap out existing telematics
unit with DSRC OBU
2) Install pedestrian
detection equipment
3) Install DSRC roadside
equipment interface to traffic
controller
4) OBU identifies
when intersection is
cleared
CV TSP Architecture
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Roadside Equipment
RSU
Management Center
Traffic Management Center
First Responder
Dispatch
Transit Management
Center
Integrated Data
Exchange
USDOT SCMS
State User
3rd Party User
Performance Metrics
Situational Status Reports
DSRC
Backhaul
TMC StaffEV DispatchTransit Staff
SystemStatus/Control
Certificate
Detection
Traffic Signal Controller
Pedestrian Detection
Equipment
SatelliteGNSS
Vehicle (with UI)
Transit VehiclePublic Safety Vehicle
OBUVeh Sys
EmergencyVehicle Operator& Transit Vehicle
Operator
UI
Ops Data Exch
Backhaul
Pedestrian
Backhaul
Satellite
Connected Vehicle TSP Architecture
Signal PriorityRequest(s)
Signal Status
On-Board Equipment
Light and Siren MonitorLight and Siren Monitor
Yes → Broadcast Signal PriorityNo → Do Nothing
Yes → Broadcast Signal PriorityNo → Do Nothing
Roadside EquipmentPriority Request ArbitratorPriority Request Arbitrator
Yes → Adjust Signal Timing Plan Respond with Signal StatusNo → Do Nothing
Yes → Adjust Signal Timing Plan Respond with Signal StatusNo → Do Nothing
GNSS
Time Sync andLocation
Time Sync
BUS ELECTRIFICATION FACILITIES
• Fast Charging Technologies
• Wireless Induction Capabilities• Needs relative to improvements in battery
technology
• Dynamic induction and direct propulsion
• Station and Maintenance Facility Opportunities• JFK Airport electrification of bus fleet
• San Francisco Zero Emission Vehicle Study
• Austin Texas Metra electrification
• JTA U2C electrification
• Smart Columbus
MOBILITY HUBS
• Centers for Shared Mobility Services• Transit station / stop• Car sharing• Bike sharing• TNC pick-up / drop-off• Automated shuttle service for FMLM or
circulation• Parking and charging facilities• Integrated multimodal information and
payment solutions
• HNTB Projects• MDX – MIC / Mini-MICs• Smart Columbus• Ft. Lauderdale
TRANSIT-TNC COLLABORATION
March 21, 2018 –
“Transit ridership fell in 31 of 35 major metropolitan areas in the U.S. last year…Between 2016 and 2017, ridership fell in each of the seven largest transit markets: New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, D.C., San Francisco, Boston and Philadelphia.”
• Experts point to improving economy, reliability issues, and TNCs
• Partnership and integration with transit (Chris Kopp study)• Off-Peak Solutions• First and Last Mile Solutions• Lesser Used Routes
• Transit agencies as regional mobility managers
• New, right-sized service mix• Combination of rail, BRT, fixed route,
FMLM shuttles, personalized services (PRT, TNCs, other mobility options)
• Dynamic, real-time solutions with high reliability
IoT/Big Data
• High Accuracy Location (UWB/5G)
• Large amounts of vehicle data
• Agency data sharing
• Probe data processing
• Cloud computing
• Blockchain processing
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Multi-Modal Solutions for the Future
• Smart City Solutions
• Automated, Connected, Electric and Shared Vehicles (ACES)• Largely driven by industry –
not government• Collaboration is required• Impacts on urban form and
land use, transportation system design, transit station design, airport design, parking, green space
Smart Columbus
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