1

DEVELOPMENT OF THE PAPACY

6th-10th Century

TIMELINE

Death of Peter

Clement of Rome

Constantinople

Barbarian Invasion-Sacking of Rome

Pope: Leo

Pope Gregory the Great

Conversion of Clovis

Charlemagne

67? 88? 330 410 440 590492

Pope: Gelasius

496 800

PETER• “And I tell you that you are

Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it.

• I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven." Mt. 16:18

Rome• Peter and Paul

– Peter bishop of Rome– Apostolic Succession

• Center of Roman Empire– Economic, Political and Spiritual

center• Center of the Kingdom of God

on earth– Epicenter for Christian missions

Clement of Rome• Pope (Father)• Letter to Corinthians• Prisoner - miracles• Saint of Mariners

2

CONSTANTINOPLE 330 AD

LATIN Greek

Language, Culture,

History, Power Center

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH Eastern Orthodoxy

The New Rome

• Constantine: Start over…• One Universal Empire and Emperor• One Universal Religion

CHURCH & STATE

THE KINGDOM OF GOD?

CONSTANTINOPLE

CHURCH & STATE

CHURCH

BARBARIAN INVASION

• Goths:– Origin = Sweden– Wandered Russia– Displaced by Attila the

Hun– Sacking of Rome 410

AD

3

POPE LEO THE GREAT

• Pope – 440-461• Political work

– Attila the Hun– Withdraw from Rome?

• Theological work– Two natures – One person

Leo’s Tome• Orthodoxy • Jesus has two natures

– 100% man and 100% God– Jesus = “God-Man”

• Monophytism– Jesus had one nature – 100% God

POPE GELASIUS

• Two spheres of rule– Spiritual and temporal

• Church and State– Church overseer of

State– King must submit!– Judgment Day

Pope = “Vicar of Christ”

Conversion of Clovis (496)

• King of the Franks• Covert to Orthodoxy• Submits to the Pope• Against Arians• Conquered most of

modern day France

4

Pope Gregory the Great (590)• Former Monk• Lombards: Political leader • “servus servorum dei” =

“a servant of the servants of God.”

• Charity: poor and refugees

Pope Gregory• Medieval Spirituality

– Gregorian Chant: monophonic – Missionary work: Augustine- Anglo Saxon– Latin Bible: Unity in Church– Purgatory: Mortal and Venial sins– Penance: Works– Latin church calendar: Date of Easter– Supernatural world: Miracles, Spirits

Pope vs. Patriarch

• West: Pope = supremacy– Father guiding his

children• East: Patriarch =

primacy – Older brother giving

younger sibling advice

Charlemagne (800)• King of the Franks• Christmas Day 800

– Pope Leo III – Crown Charlemagne

king and rule of Holy Roman Empire

• Carolingian Renaissance

Carolingian Renaissance 8th-9th

• Literature, Arts, Writing, Law, Architecture, biblical study, economics…

• Political Power: Peace!!!

5

DECLINE OF THE PAPACY

• Papacy fell into decay 880 – 1000…– 880-904 = 12 Popes

• Morally corrupt– Bribery– Violent

Pope Benedict IX Benedict IX: 1032 to 1044, again in 1045 and finally from 1047 to 1048

ONE NATION & ONE RELIGION

• Charlemagne:– Holy Roman Empire

• Christendom– State protects the church

from the sword– HOLY WAR!

– Holy Roman Catholic Church

• Christendom– Church protects the state

from hell– SACAMENTS!