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Design of Offshore Platforms
Lecture 1
Introduction1
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Outline
Introducing myself
Course objectives
Course syllabus
Course application
Class policies
Reference books
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Introducing myself
PhD, The Universityof Texas at Austin
Research interests:
OffshoreEngineering
MarineHydrodynamics
SedimentTransport
Renewable Energy
FPSO
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FPSO
FPSO
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Offshore Engineering
Simulation of Platforms/Risers/Pipelines
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Renewable energy5
Danish west coast
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Class time
Class times: Mondays, 6:00-7:30 pm
TA Class times: Tuesdays, 6:00-7:30 pm
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Course objective:
Introduces the student to
loading,
behavior,
analysis and
design of offshore platforms
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Description:8
This is intended as an advanced course in the
Marine Structures area.
It is assumed that the students have the basic
knowledge of the structural analysis,
marine hydrodynamics and
steel structures design The course focuses on design of fixed platforms and
it only introduces the floating platforms.
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Course Evaluation:9
Term Project/Homeworks: 40%
Final Exam: 60%
Pop-up quizzes/ 5 Min. Presentation : Extra scores
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Class policies10
Original homework/project must be submitted by
each student.
The assignment will be graded for solution
procedure, numerical results, clarity and appearance.
Late assignments will not be accepted.
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Course Outline:11
تی
س ار ص رم و چخر مدم
رد يوس عاوا شآ
و
گژو
درم
رري
... و يز تث يوس رم-وش يوس رم
ز
ثت
سوي
ز تث يوس مر ازا
ز
ثت
سوي
سسمي
رم
دسا دراوم و يز تث يوس بم و ازم
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Course Outline:12
س
برگذاري
فرع
ث ير:دز و هدرم ير
درم ير:آ نشم يدرم يور وزن مشن آت
ش و يور غرات رارت ش از مرد مشن آت
مط
ري
:م
رارت
غرات
رن
مد
و
زر
موج
د
وضوم رس:
Marine Growth, Vortex Shedding, Wave Slamming
ص نمز يراذگر
ژو
ا:ري
ش
رخورد
زز
ارط ير بر
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Course Outline:13
س وآنلیز
حارط
و
س يزآ رم و م
ارط لوادم ي م نآ رم
(API-RP2A – Noble Denton-DNV)
رر نمز رد زآ
:Inplace
ص
زمن
آزي
: Loadout, Tow, Lift, Launch, Floatation & Upending
ژو
ري
ت
:آز
Fire, Dynamic Loading, Earthquake, Boat Impact, Explosion
ا
و
اصت
ارط
و
:(Tubular Joints)آز
سخ
آز
:(Wind & Wave Fatigue)مخ
روشي
و
ط
...مش ارط و زآ
((Pile Design
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Course Outline:14
حس
فرا
ي
سزه
حارط
و
آنلیز
افزاري
نرم
ب
ینشآ
ونش يو س
رف
– درر
– ارط
روشی
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Main References:15
Useful websites: http://www.fgg.uni-lj.si/~/pmoze/esdep/master/wg15a/toc.htm
www.offshore-mag.com
زن
دكر
مر
ثت
سكوي
اراي
و
ارط
دا
رد يوكس يارا و حرط م دشوخ کمس
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Other References:16
قدص
ر
رد
ی
سزه
و
در
سوال
سدم
ی هزسس رد
لگ مری رد ی هزسشا
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Other Reference:17
S. K. Chakrabarti, 2005. HANDBOOK OF OFFSHORE ENGINEERING, ELSEVIER.
B. C. Gerwick, 2007. Construction of Marine and offshore structures, CRC press.
Ivar Holand, Ove T.Gudmestad and Erik Jersin, 2000. Design of Offshore ConcreteStructures, Spon press.
Patel, Minoo H., 1989. Dynamics of Offshore Structures, Butterwork & Co. Ltd.
S. K. Chakrabarti, 1987. Hydrodynamics of Offshore Structures, Springer. Dawson, Thomas H., 1983. Offshore Structural Engineering, Prentice-Hall Inc.
Hsu, Teng H., 1984. Applied Offshore Structural Engineering, Gulf PublishingCompany.
Robert T. Hudspeth, 2006. WAVES AND WAVE FORCES ON COASTAL ANDOCEAN STRUCTURES, World Scientific Publishing Co.
John B. Herbich, 1999. DEVELOPMENTS IN OFFSHORE ENGINEERING, GulfPublishing Company.
James F. Wilson, 2003. Dynamics of Offshore Structures, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Progress to deep water
offshore drilling and production of petroleum
resources:
Steady progress to deep water1947-1998
Water depth: 6 m to more than 500 m
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Design for waves loads
platforms are designed for wave heights up to the order
of 25 meters
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Cost
Expensive Structures
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Platform Failure
It requires a good estimate of environmental forces
(wave, wind, current, …) to avoid failure.
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1ST Lecture Objective
identify the basic vocabulary
introduce the major concepts for offshore platform
structures
explain where the basic structural requirements fordesign are generated
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Outline
Definition
Application
Importance
basic steps in the development process
major structural concepts
Fixed
Floating
major codes
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Definition
Offshore Platform: a structure in the sea that does
not have direct access to the land
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Application of offshore platforms
Oil and gas industry
Geotechnical surveys
Offshore wind turbines
Military purpose
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Importance for Iran
Ranking of Oil/Gas recoverable reserves
155
1166
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Importance for Iran
Most of Iran’scommon
reservoirs are
offshore
Foroozan
(common with
Saudi)
Arash (commonwith Kuwait)
South Pars
(common with
Qatar)
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Ranking of Oil Companies
1. Saudi Armco
2. NIOC
3. Exxon Mobile
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COST ASPECTS
The economic feasibility of an offshore project depends onmany aspects:
capital expenditure (CAPEX),
operational expenditure (OPEX)
tax royalties
In a typical offshore field development the CAPEX isdivided to:
1/3 on the platform 1/3 on the drilling of wells
1/3 on the pipelines
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OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL/GAS FIELD
Factors involved in the evaluation
number of wells required
fixed or floated production facilities
pipeline or tanker off-loading
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OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL/GAS FIELD
main technical activities prior to production:
engineering and design
fabrication and installation
drilling of production wells providing the off loading system
Pipelines
Tankers
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Offshore Platforms
Includes
Superstructure:
supports the equipments
Substructure:withstand weight of
superstructure + Env. Loads
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Superstructure
design depends on
capacity of production
type of reservoir
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Substructure
design depends on
Weight of superstructure
Environment
water depth at location soil, at sea-bottom and in-depth
wind speed, air temperature
waves, tide and storm surge, current
ice
earthquakes
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Hydrocarbon Superstructures functions
Reservoir drilling
Oil/gas production
Oil/gas storage
Personnel accommodation
Flare
Support bridges
A combinations of above functions
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2. Major structural concepts
Fixed
Jacket
Compliant tower
GCS TLP
Floating
FPSO Spar
Semi-submersible
Fixed/Floating: Jack-ups
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Water depth definition
h<1300 ft Shallow water
1300 ft<h<5000 ft Deep water
h>5000 ft Ultra-deep water
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Platforms types versus water depth
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Fixed Platforms
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Jackets
majority of platforms are piled-jacket all built in
steel
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Gravity concrete structure (GCS)
North Sea
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Compliant Towers
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TLP 43
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Floating Platforms44
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Semi-submersible 45
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Anchorage via 8 cable chain system
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•Anchorage via 8 cable-chain system•Platform weight: 14000 ton
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FPSO
Goodfor PG,WA,
Brazil,Asia
OFFLOADING
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OFFLOADING
FLOATING HOSE REEL 50
FPSO
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Spar51
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World's deepest platform
Perdido Spar in the Gulf of Mexico
water depth of 2,450 m (8,000 feet)
weigh around 55,000 tonnes
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Transportation of Perdido
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Jack-up Platforms
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Construction
These factors combined with the size and weight of
the items, require that a designer must carefully
consider all construction activities between shop
fabrication and offshore installation.
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Codes
API-RP2A: worldwide leading structural code for
jacket platforms
Lloyds rules
DnV rules
9-300اران
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Certification and Warranty Survey
Government authorities require that recognized
bodies appraise the aspects of structural integrity
and issue a certificate
Insurance companies covering transport andinstallation require the structures to be reviewed by
warranty surveyors before acceptance
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Certification and Warranty Survey
major certification bodies are:
Det norske Veritas (DnV)
Lloyds Register of Shipping (LRS)
American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)Bureau Veritas (BV)
Germanischer Lloyd (GL)
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OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL/GAS FIELD
initial phases which include
seismic field surveying
one or more exploration wells are drilled (Jack-up
drilling rigs are used for this purpose for water depthsup to 100 - 120 m; for deeper water floating rigs are
used)
results are studied and the economics and risks of
different development plans are evaluated
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OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL/GAS FIELD
Factors involved in the evaluation may include
number of wells required
fixed or floated production facilities
number of such facilities pipeline or tanker off-loading
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OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL/GAS FIELD
As soon as exploitation is decided and approved,
there are four main technical activities, prior to
production:
engineering and design fabrication and installation of the production facility
drilling of production wells, taking 1 - 3 months/well
providing the off loading system (pipelines, tankers,
etc.)
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Jacket Based Platform for Shallow Water
First the jacket is installed. The wells are then drilled
by a jack-up drilling unit standing close by with a
cantilever rig extending over the jacket
Design and construction of the topside areprogressed parallel to the drilling, allowing
production to start soon after deck installation
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CANTILEVER
UPPER PACK
LOWER PACK
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Jacket and Gravity Based Platform for Deep Water
The wells are drilled
from a drilling rig on
the permanent
platform Drilling starts after
the platform is built
and completely
installed
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Jacket and Gravity Based Platform for Deep Water
Consequently production starts between one and
two years after platform installation
In recent years pre-drilled wells have been used to
allow an earlier start of the production
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1st Lecture Summary
Class Policies/Syllabus/References
Definitions/ structural concepts
Basic steps in development process
A
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Assignment
Read Section 1 to 3 of
wg15a/l0100.htm#SEC_1