Post on 08-Apr-2018
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
1/23
Chapter 15
Designing Effective Output
Systems Analysis and Design
Kendall and Kendall
Fifth Edition
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
2/23
Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-2
Major Topics
Designing outputOutput technologies
Factors in choosing an outputtechnology
Report design
Screen design
Web site design
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
3/23
Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-3
Designing Output
Output should be designed toServe the intended purpose
Be meaningful to the user
Deliver the right quantity of output
Deliver it to the right place
Provide output on time
Choose the right output method
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
4/23
Output Technologies Print The authors use the term ubiquitouswhen
describing printers. What does that term mean?
Screen
Audio
CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD (digital versatile disk)Microforms (microfiche and microfilm)
Electronic output E-mail Faxes
Web pages
Bulletin board messages
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
5/23Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-5
Output Technologies
Output technologies differ in theirSpeed
Cost
Portability
Flexibility (e.g., turnaround document such
as cable, phone or credit card bills)Storage and retrieval possibilities
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
6/23Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-6
Video Clips
Video clips are useful forSupplementing static, printed output
Distance collaboration
Showing how to perform an action
Providing brief training episodes
Shifting the time of an actual event byrecording it for later output
Preserving an important occasion foraddition to an organizations archives
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
7/23Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-7
Push and Pull Technology
Pull technology allows the user to takeformatted data from the Web
Push technology sends solicited orunsolicited information to a customer orclient
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
8/23
Factors to Consider When
Choosing Output Technology Who will use the output?
How many people need the output?
Where is the output needed?
What is the purpose of the output?
What is the speed with which output is needed?
How frequently will the output be accessed?
How long will (or must) the output be stored?
Under what special regulations is the output produced,stored, and distributed? e.g., W-2 form
What is the initial and ongoing cost of maintenance andsupplies?
What are the environmental requirements (e.g., noise) foroutput technologies?
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
9/23
Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-9
Ways Output Bias is Introduced
How information is sortedAlphabetical
Chronological
Cost
Setting of acceptable limits
Choice of graphicsShape
Color
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
10/23
Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-10
Strategies to Avoid Output Bias
Awareness of the sources of bias Design of output that includes users
Working with users so that they are informed
of the output's biases
Creating output that is flexible and allows
users to modify limits and ranges Train users to rely on multiple output for
conducting "reality tests" on system output
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
11/23
Designing Printed Output Report design conventions
type of data: alphabetic, special, numeric
constant vs. variable information
Paper quality, type and size
Special output forms turnaround documents
Design considerations Functional attributes:
Heading or title of the report
Page number
Date of preparation
Column headings
Groupings of related data
The use of control breaks
Stylistic/aesthetic attributes
Organization (well organized) Readability (use of white space)
Color coding, logos, preprinted forms
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
12/23
Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-12
Screen Design Guidelines
Keep the screen simple
Keep the screen presentation consistent
Facilitate user movement among screens
Create an attractive screen
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
13/23
Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-13
Graphs
Output must be accurate,
easy to understand and
use Purpose of the graph must be determined
Decision makers must be trained in using it
Provide the ability to call up a variety of userviews as well possible commands
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
14/23
Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-14
Web Site Design Use professional tools
Study other sites
Use Web resources
Examine the sites of professional Web site designers
Use tools that you are familiar with
Consult books
Look at examples of poorly designed pages
Create Web templates. Style sheets allow you toformat all Web pages in a site consistently
Use plug-ins, audio, and video sparingly
Plan ahead
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
15/23
Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-15
Planning a Good Web Site
Pay attention to: Structure
Content
Text
Graphics
Presentation Navigation
Promotion
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
16/23
Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-16
Structure
Design according to content
Home page should link to all other pages
Consider loading timesMay want to use Web site diagramming
and mapping tools
Find books that discuss Web structure
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
17/23
Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-17
Content
Provide something important
Adjust content to intended audience
Include a FAQ page
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
18/23
Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-18
Text
Write text so people can find Webpages when using keyword searches
Let people know that they have visitedthe correct Web page
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
19/23
Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-19
Web Graphics Guidelines
Use either JPEG or GIF formats
Create a few professional-looking graphics foruse on your page
Keep the background simple and readable Examine your Web site on a variety of
monitors and graphics resolutions
Save JPEG images at the highest qualitypossible within a reasonable size
Use horizontal rules to separate sections of
Web pages
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
20/23
Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-20
Web Graphics
Use colorful bullets for lists and hotbuttons for links
Keep graphics images small and reuse
images Use transparent GIF files tomake images that are not rectangular
Follow the three clicks rule which statesthat you should be able to go to anypage in three clicks
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
21/23
Presentation Provide an entry screen (home page)
Keep the no. of graphics to a reasonable minimum
Use large and colorful fonts for headings Use interesting images and buttons for links
Use the same graphics on several Web pages
Avoid overusing color, animation, sound and otherelements that make the site cluttered
Make sure that the home page loads quickly
Add applets if possible
Make sure Web pages does not scroll horizontally,
keep the vertical page under 2 screens
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
22/23
Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-22
Navigation
If page is lengthy, provide links tonavigate within the page
Label hyperlinks clearly
Provide an area on the left side or onthe top of the Web page for links to
other pages in the Web site
8/7/2019 Design Efective Output
23/23
Kendall & Kendall Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc. 15-23
Promotion
Promote your site Submit and resubmit your site every few
months to various search engines
Use e-mail to promote your site, but have aspecific reason
Encourage your readers to bookmark your site Constantly maintain the site
Include the web masters name