Design a protection System of 220/33kV Grid Station

United Arab Emirates UniversityCollege of Engineering

Saif Mohammed AL Aryani 200304349Ahmed Soruor AL Shamisi 200304148Mohammed AL Manei 200204241Madyan Ahmed Assirri 200337000

Project Advisor: Dr. Ahmed Gaouda

Examination Committee:Dr. Muftah El-Naas Dr. Imad Barhumi Dr. Hassan Nikkhajoei

Graduation Project Code: EEMI-9

• Introduction• Protection System• Single Line Diagram of Ramah Grid• Busbar Protection• Transformer Protection• Distance Protection• Implementation• Conclusion & Recommendations

OUTLINE

• The graduation Project of our group is proposed from TRANSCO to UAE University.

• Transco Company is building now new Grid Substation in RAMAH to provide the enough power to that area.

Introduction

• Substation is the place where the power is stepped up or down.

• Substation contains:• Feeder• Transformer• Busbar• Bus coupler.• Other Protection equipment

• Ramah Grid Substation power is stepped down by transformers from 220 KV to 33 KV.

Introduction

Design a complete Protection System of 220 KV / 33KV Grid Station using ADWEA standard.

Comparing the design results with existing systems and simulated results.

Implantations of the simulated results.

Introduction Objectives

Building a grid substation is very expensive.

The protection of power system is the first thing that designer thinks about to safe the money and efforts.

Any small mistake in the protection system can cause large damages and the designers will be blamed.

The three goals of this protection are:

Safety of HumansSafety of EquipmentSafety of Supply

Introduction Environmental Effects

• Complete arrangement of protection equipments and other devices.

• Protection Equipments:– Current & Voltage Transformers ( CT & VT ). – Circuit Breaker (CB)– Relay

Protection System

• Relays are like human brain• A device that measures the (Current or voltage) of the system.

.

Protection System Relay

• CT steps down the current to small value to be Suitable to the relay.

Protection System CT

• A switch like a (fuse) that used to interrupt the current flow. It opens on Relay Command.

Protection System Circuit Breaker

Reasons for Zones:Amount of power carriedPhysical Structure.Function.

Protection System Protection Zones

Single Line Diagram of RAMAH Grid

Incoming2Incoming1 Outgiong1 Outgiong2 Bus coupler

The busbar is a bar of copper or aluminum built in switchgear

Bus-Bar Protection Single Line Diagram

In Fault Condition

All Circuit Breaker will open

Bus-Bar Protection

Bus-Bar Protection Simulated System in Normal Condition

Bus-Bar Protection Simulated System in Fault Condition

I1

I2

D +

F

+

I3

I4

D +

F

+G

+

I5

D +

F

-Ix > IocIx 1

2

A

B

Ctrl

Ctrl = 10

TripSignal

CB1

0

| X |

Delay

T

Incoming Current

Outgoing Current

Differential Current

Tripping CBs

Bus-Bar Protection Logics of Busbar Protection

Fault Starts after 1 s

CBs opens after 0.1 s from fault

Bus-Bar Protection Logics of Busbar Protection

Simulation

Bus-Bar Protection

The electrical protection of the Transformer comprises of the following:

Differential Current Protection.

REF (Restricted Earth Fault).

AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator).

Over current protection.

Transformer Protection

•Id = I1 – I2 ≠ 0

Transformer Protection Differential Current Protection

Transformer zone

Transformer Protection Simulated System

Transformer Protection Logics of Differential Protection

In the event of failure or non- availability of the primary protection some other means of ensuring that the fault is isolated must be provided. These secondary systems are referred to as ‘back-up protection.

Back-up protection

Back- Upprotection

Transformer Protection Over Current Protection

Back- Upprotection B1

Transformer Protection Logics of Transformer Protection

Advanced Graph Frame

1.280 1.300 1.320 1.340 1.360 1.380 1.400 ... ... ...

-1.5k

-1.0k

-0.5k

0.0

0.5k

1.0k

1.5k

y

CT1_a CT1_a

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

y

CT1_aa CT2_ab Id IP=0.155

CT

2C

T1

#1

#3

#2

50 [MW] 50 [MVAR]

1.0

e-0

06

1.0

e-0

06

1.0

e-0

06

1.0

e-0

06

T3

B1

CB

2C

B1

Transformer Protection System in Normal Condition

Advanced Graph Frame

0.960 0.980 1.000 1.020 1.040 1.060 1.080 1.100 1.120 1.140 1.160 ... ... ...

-150.00k

-100.00k

-50.00k

0.00

50.00k

100.00k

150.00k

y

CT1_a CT1_a

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

y

Id IP=0.155

Advanced Graph Frame

0.980 1.000 1.020 1.040 1.060 1.080 1.100 1.120 1.140 1.160 1.180 ... ... ...

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

y

SF " 0.15 "

CT

2

CB

1

CT

1

#1

#3

#2

50 [MW] 50 [MVAR]

1.0

e-0

06

1.0

e-0

06

CB

2

1.0

e-0

06

1.0

e-0

06

B1

T3

Transformer Protection System in differential fault condition

Advanced Graph Frame

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 ... ... ...

-150.00k

-100.00k

-50.00k

0.00

50.00k

100.00k

150.00k

y

CT1_a CT1_a

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

y

CT1_aa CT2_ab Id IP=0.155

Advanced Graph Frame

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 ... ... ...

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

y

Trip signal ( CB1 CB 2)

CT

2

CB

1

CT

1

#1

#3

#2

50 [MW] 50 [MVAR]

1.0

e-0

06

1.0

e-0

06

CB

2

1.0

e-0

06

1.0

e-0

06

B1

T3

Transformer Protection System in differential fault condition

0.4 s

CT

2

CB

1

CT

1

#1

#3

#2

50 [MW] 50 [MVAR]

1.0

e-0

06

1.0

e-0

06

1.0

e-0

06

1.0

e-0

06

B1

T3

CB

2

Transformer Protection System in over current fault condition

Simulation

Transformer Protection

Distance protection is used mainly for overhead lines protection.

The main function of distance relays is to make high and fast protection system for the overhead lines.

Distance Protection

Distance Protection Single Line Diagram of outgoing OHLs

Distance =30 Km

Zone1 covers 80% (24 km)

Zone2 covers 100% (30 km)

Distance Protection RAMAH –ALANJAH Overhead Line

Distance Protection is applied to this line

It is divided in two zones:

– Zone-1 Covers 80 % of the Line (24 Km)– Zone-2 covers 100 % of the Line (30 Km)

Distance Protection

The distance is depending on the impedance of the line.

• The voltage is calculated through VT.• The Current is calculated through CT.

)(

)()(

Icurrent

VvoltageZimedance

Distance Protection

• If fault happens in A:• CB1 will operate after time t1

• If fault happens in B:• CB2 will operate.• if it is not operated. CB1 will operate after time t1+0.3s

• If fault happens in C:• CB1 and CB2 will not operate

A BcCB1 CB2

Distance Protection

The impedance of the Line is :

The calculated impedance by Relay:

Z < 80 % Zline

Fault happens in zone-1

80% Zline < Z < Zline

Fault happens in Zone-2

Z> Zline

No Fault happens in Line

Distance Protection

•If calculated impedance in Zone-1:

Relay will trip after t1

•If calculated impedance in Zone-2:

Relay will trip after t1 + 0.3 s

•If calculated impedance outside zones:

Relay will block

Distance Protection

Distance Protection Simulated System in Normal Condition

Distance Protection Fault occurs in Zone-1

Distance Protection Fault occurs in Zone-1

Distance Protection Fault occurs in Zone-1 & CB2 doesn’t operate

vam vbm vcm

vap

vbp

vcp

X1

X2

X3

Ph1

Ph2

Ph3

Mag1 Mag2 Mag3

(7)

(7)

(7)

(7) (7) (7)

dc1 dc2 dc3

F F T

F = 50.0 [Hz]

1

v

2

3

1 2 3

12

3

|A|

/_A

|B|

/_B

|C|

/_C

|P|

/_P

|N|

/_N

|Z|

/_Z

ABC

+-0

vam

vbm

vcm

vap

vbp

vcp vzp

vnp

vpp

vzm

vnm

vpm

Va

Voltage Magnitude

Phase

Voltages and phases for sequences

Frequency Scanner Sequence Filter

Distance Protection Logics of Distance Protection

iap

ibp

icp

iam

X1

X2

X3

Ph1

Ph2

Ph3

Mag1 Mag2 Mag3

(7)

(7)

(7)

(7) (7) (7)

dc1 dc2 dc3

F F T

F = 50.0 [Hz]

1

i

2

3

1ibm

2icm

3

12

3

iam

ibm

icm

iap

ibp

icp izp

inp

ipp

izm

inm

ipm|A|

/_A

|B|

/_B

|C|

/_C

|P|

/_P

|N|

/_N

|Z|

/_Z

ABC

+-0

Ia

Current and phases for sequences

Current Magnitude

Phase

Frequency Scanner Sequence Filter

Distance Protection Logics of Distance Protection

TripSignal

O1

B1

iam

iap

izp

izm

vam

vap

VM

IM

I0M

VP

IP

I0P

R

XVa

Ia+ kI

0

Ra

Xa

R

X

21RMS

RMSOpen

BreakerB1

S

XX2

X2

D +

F

+Ix > IocIx

TripSignal

B2

OpenBreaker

B2

SDelay

T

Delay

T

0De

lay TV & I parameters

R-X Plane

Define the Zone of fault

Trip CB1

Trip CB2

Distance Protection Logics of Distance Protection

CB opens after 0.3 s from fault

Fault Starts after 1 s

Distance Protection

Simulation

Distance Protection

Implementation

• In this GP; there were long steps of calculations and simulation using PSCAD program which allows the designer to simulate the large values of power in details.

• After doing all these steps; the simulated results will be sent to Transco Company to be as a real setting for the protection system..

Conclusion

Thanks for Good Listening

Any Questions?