Describe

BIODETERIORATION

b.stev

AN undesired change to

the property in

material/s caused by

SOME organismsThe impact on the materials listed and a method of prevention follow

metals

What is it?

timber

glass

concrete

rubber

textiles

stone

fuels

MOIST wood CAN grow cellular fungus ROT : dark brown spots

INSECTS: termites/ boers gnaw

MARINE BOERS: piles of the structures : hulls of wooden ships/ boats

MOLDS: threat in damp regions

MICROBES: draw at the wood

TIMBER TREATMENT

necessary to sustain wood

CUT LOGS converted timber preservative spray: 2-3mths storage

PESTICIDES: vacuum under pressure

most common treatment/s: BORON (pink)

PERMETHRIN PLUS (blue)

WOOD manufactured: exposure LIFE

(NZ timber preservation council, 2004)

ALL stages: process & storage

FUNGI: most common biodeteriorantCauses : - breaks in the molecules - elongation of thread - loss in strength - discolouration

TEXTILES

resist light /humidity

affinity to fabric

low toxicity

colour - less

odour - less

cost effective

BIOCIDES used need ability:

(Studentsguide.in, 2008)

H2O in fuel systemssystems allows microbe growth

CAUSES ECONOMIC LOSS & IS HAZARDOUS

fuels:

& are

microbes

THAT CAUSE THESE DEFECTS: ALSO

: a fungus in KEROSENE

Hormoconis resinal

Psuedomonas

Desulfovibrio

some MOULDS thrive > stickiness

(viscosity): roads/ asphalt /

pipe linings

organoboron isothiazolones

can be added:

controls bio-deterioration >bio-deterioration >FUEL

AVIATION fuels tanks drained

before flight

this rids collected H2OH2O

carries microbes

(Institute for energy and environment, 2008)

Glass

GLASS made with:

silica sand - silica(silicon dioxide) soda ash - sodium carbonate limestone - calcium carbonate

PREVENT CORROSIONPREVENT CORROSION

WASH regularly to maintain:

o Sponge rubrub & hot soapy soapy water

o Soft bristlesbristles ALSO if needed

o Wipe clean with rubber slide

(Martin.S.V, 2001)

Stone

Biodeteriorants to stone are: Microbes, Fungi,

Algae, Lichens & MossesWET/DRY cycles of the TROPICS :loosens & fragments stone. THEN -IS susceptible to biochemical factors

Detachment of materials

SHOW as:

Black/brown crust

Exfoliation

Plant roots cause damage

DiscolourationWhite/gray powder

White fluoroescence

Stains

PatchesPitting

Cracks

ERADICATION is in 2 STEPS:

one week: KILLS growth

BRUSH off - bristle brush.

TREATMENT: inhibit growth.

New

TO PRESERVE

NEW cleaned stone: pre-treat pre-treat BIOCIDE & H2O repellent

INHIBITS ATTACK:drainage systemsperiodic cleaning And resurfacing.

o ADD TOXIC SOLVENTS cleaning : scours off grime

o cleaning : add BIOCIDE > dibutyltin dilaurate

(Kumar. R. and Kumar. A.V, 1999)

PROTECTIVE COATINGS & BIOCIDES ARE USED

Concrete

3-5% fluorosilicate acid painted/ sprayed

45-50% solution - white spirit applied 1/2 coats : BIOCIDAL

4-6% solution - synthetic resins ie: polyesters/ epoxides : FUNICIDAL

(NAHB Research Center , 2008)

ALSO USED : COPPER NAPTHALENE

PENTACHLOROPHENOL

POROUSPOROUS/ HH22OO-SATURATED CONCRETE - SCALES the

H2O inside freezesfreezesH2O carries many CHEMICALSCHEMICALS acids/ sulfates/ chlorides

INSULATIVE ELECTRICAL CABLE DECAY IS A HAZARD

BURIED CABLES: electrical, communication, sealing rings of sewage pipes

(Students guide.in, 2008)

Metals:Metals:

corrosivcorrosivee (Students guide.in, 2008)

Bibliography

Martin.S.V. (2001). How glass is made. Retrieved August 26, 2008, from http//:www.texasglass.com/glass_facts/How_Glass_made.htm

Maruthamuthu .S. (2008). Role of air microbes on atmospheric corrosion. Retrieved August 26, 2008 from http//: www.ias.ac.in/currsci/f eb102008/359.pdf

NAHB Research Center . (2008). Can water cause deterioration of concrete. Retrieved August 28, 2008, from http//: www.toolbase.org/Toolbase Resources/level4FAQ.aspx?ContentDetailID=3547&BucketID=5& =25 - 18k

Forest Research NZ. (2008). Timber preservation. Retrieved August 19, 2008 from, http//: www.nzic.org.nz/ChemProcesses/forestry /4B.pdf -

Kumar. R. and Kumar. A.V. (1999). Biodeterioration of stone in tropical environments. Retrieved August 19, 2008, from http//:www.getty. edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/biodeterioration.pdf

Institute for energy and environment. (2008). Microorganisms that convert hydrocarbons to natural gas. Retrieved August 15, 2008, from http//: www. poweronline.com/article.mvc/Microorganisms-That-Convert- Hydrocarbons-0001 - 31k -

ASTM International. (2008). Standard guide for microbial contamination in fuels. Retrieved August 15, 2008, from http//: www.astm.org/Standards /D6469.htm

NZ timber preservation council. (2004). Hazard class description. Retrieved August 23, 2008, from http//: www.nztpc.co.nz/hazardClass Description.php

Wood processors association of NZ. (2008). Timber Treatment. Retrieved August 23, 2008, from http//: www.wpa.org.nz/Site/Issues/Timber _Treatment.aspx - 9k -

Students guide.in. (2008). Biodeterioration, microbial deterioration, microorganisms, enzymes. Retrieved September 6, 2008, from http//:www.studentsguide. in/microbiology/biodegradation-bioremediation-biodeterioration/biodeter ioration.htm

Morton. G. (2003). Aug 03 101 156. Retrieved September 6, 2008, from http//: www.sgm.ac.uk/pubs/micro_today/pdf/080301.pdf