Post on 25-Jun-2015
CRITICAL CONCEPTSThese are the tools you will need to understand this entire class.
CRITICAL CONCEPTS UNIT
Nationalism Government Economy Religion Geography
Your goal: Learn the definitions of these concepts and use them effectively when talking about world history.
NATIONALISM
Love your country (nation). Do you love it more than ____ ?
Basic definition:The belief that people should be loyal to their nation.
NATIONALISM IS A COMPLEX CONCEPT.
How do you define your nationality? What makes an American an American?
What do you want for your nation? What would you do to make it happen?
Nationalism is NOT loyalty to a government. Why not?
GOVERNMENT
What is government? What does government do for us?
Do we need it? What different types of government are
there?
CATEGORIES
Think about how you would put the following governments into categories.
AUTOCRACY
a form of government in which one person possesses unlimited power.
MONARCHY
Nation is ruled by a king or queen Royal family
Princes, Princesses Bloodlines
William and Kate
DICTATORSHIP
You do what I say, and I don’t have to care what you think.
Basically the same as autocracy: a form of government in which one person possesses unlimited power.
That one person is the dictator.
OLIGARCHY
Nation ruled by a small GrOup of individuals.
TOTALITARIANISM
Total Control A single person in charge has no limits
FASCISM
Everything for Your Nation
War Is Power Totalitarian One Political Party
DEMOCRACY
Everybody Votes Athens Perfect Democracy? Direct Democracy
REPUBLIC
Voting Representatives Established laws The citizens have control.
SOCIALISM/COMMUNISM
Government & Economic SystemThe idea: Everyone has a right to something. No one can get rich while another person
starves.
How it actually usually works: One party takes control. One party gets privileges and power. The rest of the country suffers in poverty.
THEOCRACY
God is the nation’s leader. The religious leaders are in control of the nation.
Vatican City Pope
Afganistan Taliban
FEUDALISM
Everyone has power (except peasants) Middle Ages Social Rank $$
ECONOMY
What is an economy? The system of making and using money and
resources. Does it matter what kind of economy your
country has?
COMMAND
Lots of government control. Government tells you everything about how
to run your business.
How much stuff to make How to make stuff What prices to sell stuff for How much people get paid
Type of Economy Who makes decisions about
Production? Prices? Ownership?
Command Economy
The government plans how products are created produced.
The government controls all the prices.
All land and resources are owned by the government. Consumers have a small selection of goods and services to buy.
MARKET/CAPITALISM
You could get rich or you could go broke.
Less government control
Type of Economy Who makes decisions about
Production? Prices? Ownership?
Market Economy Capitalism
Production is based on market demand among consumers. Don’t produce it if no one wants it.
Prices are determined by supply and demand in the market.
People are free to buy or sell land, resources and property. Consumers have a large selection of goods and services to buy.
TRADITIONAL/ BARTER
Trade
I’ll trade you my white pig for your gray one.
Type of Economy Who makes decisions about
Production? Prices? Ownership?
Traditional Barter Economy
The community produces its own goods based on traditional methods.
Prices may not apply. People trade things. Barter. They may not need markets outside the community.
The community may or may not recognize private ownership of land and natural resources; generally, goods are owned by the community.
MERCANTILISM
A belief that a nation’s power comes from its wealth.
Do you agree?
The strategy: Keep the wealth at home (in your nation). Sell more than you buy.
IMPERIALISM
Empire – Imperialism
A strong nation dominates other countries politically, economically or socially.
IMPERIALISM
ColonialismA place governed internally by a foreign nation.
Sphere of InfluenceA place where a foreign nation claims exclusive privileges.
Economic ImperialismA place where private businesses have control.
RELIGION
What is religion? Why is religion important in studying history?
How does religion influence our values? and our culture?
TOP FIVE RELIGIONS
What are the top five religions in the world?
1. Christianity2. Islam3. Hinduism4. Buddhism5. Judaism
CHRISTIANITY
One god Abraham Isaac Jesus
ABRAHAM
THREE RELIGIONS
Islam: Descendents of Ishmael will be a great nation.
Judaism: Descendents of Jacob will be a great nation.
Christianity: Judaism plus Jesus
FAMILY TREE OF RELIGIONAbraham
Ishmael Isaac
Jacob
JesusMuslims
Jews
Christians
ISLAM
One god Abraham Ishmael Mohammed
Muslims
HINDUISM
lots of gods
BUDDHISM
spiritual leader
JUDAISM
One god Abraham Jews
ANIMISM
a belief in spirits animals, trees, rocks are important
GEOGRAPHY
What Is Geography? Why is geography important to a country?
5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY
1. Location2. Place3. Human-Environmental Interactions4. Movement5. Regions
LOCATION
Relative Location North of … South of … In between … and ….
Absolute Location EXACTLY where.
Written as: 21°N 158°W
PLACE
Human Characteristics
Physical Characteristics
HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS
Humans adapt to the environment. Humans modify the environment. Humans depend on the environment.
MOVEMENT
People Goods Ideas
REGIONS
Formal Functional Perceptual
CONTINENTS
Asia Africa Europe Australia Antarctica South America North America
OCEANS & SEAS
North Atlantic Ocean North Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Mediterranean Sea Baltic Sea
THE COMPASS ROSE
What are the points of the compass?
REGIONS
Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere Tropic of Cancer Equator
This is an entire sphere.
THE GLOBAL GRIDThe Earth is divided by latitude and longitude lines. There are several important lines to know on the earth's surface: #1 is the ARCTIC CIRCLE found at 66 ½ o
NORTH of the Equator
#2 is the TROPIC OF CANCER found at 23 ½ o NORTH of the Equator
#3 is the EQUATOR which splits the earth into two hemispheres at 0o Latitude
#4 is the TROPIC OF CAPRICORN found 23 ½ o SOUTH of the Equator.
#5 is the ANTARCTIC CIRCLE 6
#6 is the PRIME MERIDIAN which runs north to south at 0o LONGITUDE
WHY GEOGRAPHY MATTERS:
90% of the world lives north of the equator. Most of the world’s dry land is north of the
equator.
The area between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer is temperate. It has seasons. (Good for agriculture)
WEATHER ZONES
Polar Too cold
Tropical Too hot
Temperate Just right
How might weather conditions be helpful to a country?
NATURAL RESOURCES
Coal Iron Water Oil Diamonds Coltan
What can a country do if it doesn’t have the resources it needs?
SETTLEMENT PATTERNS
Where do people want to be? What would make people move?
Migration: Moving Immigration: Moving INTO a country. Emigration: Moving OUT of a country.