CRITICAL CONCEPTSThese are the tools you will need to understand this entire class.

CRITICAL CONCEPTS UNIT

Nationalism Government Economy Religion Geography

Your goal: Learn the definitions of these concepts and use them effectively when talking about world history.

NATIONALISM

Love your country (nation). Do you love it more than ____ ?

Basic definition:The belief that people should be loyal to their nation.

NATIONALISM IS A COMPLEX CONCEPT.

How do you define your nationality? What makes an American an American?

What do you want for your nation? What would you do to make it happen?

Nationalism is NOT loyalty to a government. Why not?

GOVERNMENT

What is government? What does government do for us?

Do we need it? What different types of government are

there?

CATEGORIES

Think about how you would put the following governments into categories.

AUTOCRACY

a form of government in which one person possesses unlimited power.

MONARCHY

Nation is ruled by a king or queen Royal family

Princes, Princesses Bloodlines

William and Kate

DICTATORSHIP

You do what I say, and I don’t have to care what you think.

Basically the same as autocracy: a form of government in which one person possesses unlimited power.

That one person is the dictator.

OLIGARCHY

Nation ruled by a small GrOup of individuals.

TOTALITARIANISM

Total Control A single person in charge has no limits

FASCISM

Everything for Your Nation

War Is Power Totalitarian One Political Party

DEMOCRACY

Everybody Votes Athens Perfect Democracy? Direct Democracy

REPUBLIC

Voting Representatives Established laws The citizens have control.

SOCIALISM/COMMUNISM

Government & Economic SystemThe idea: Everyone has a right to something. No one can get rich while another person

starves.

How it actually usually works: One party takes control. One party gets privileges and power. The rest of the country suffers in poverty.

THEOCRACY

God is the nation’s leader. The religious leaders are in control of the nation.

Vatican City Pope

Afganistan Taliban

FEUDALISM

Everyone has power (except peasants) Middle Ages Social Rank $$

ECONOMY

What is an economy? The system of making and using money and

resources. Does it matter what kind of economy your

country has?

COMMAND

Lots of government control. Government tells you everything about how

to run your business.

How much stuff to make How to make stuff What prices to sell stuff for How much people get paid

Type of Economy Who makes decisions about

Production? Prices? Ownership?

Command Economy

The government plans how products are created produced.

The government controls all the prices.

All land and resources are owned by the government. Consumers have a small selection of goods and services to buy.

MARKET/CAPITALISM

You could get rich or you could go broke.

Less government control

Type of Economy Who makes decisions about

Production? Prices? Ownership?

Market Economy Capitalism

Production is based on market demand among consumers. Don’t produce it if no one wants it.

Prices are determined by supply and demand in the market.

People are free to buy or sell land, resources and property. Consumers have a large selection of goods and services to buy.

TRADITIONAL/ BARTER

Trade

I’ll trade you my white pig for your gray one.

Type of Economy Who makes decisions about

Production? Prices? Ownership?

Traditional Barter Economy

The community produces its own goods based on traditional methods.

Prices may not apply. People trade things. Barter. They may not need markets outside the community.

The community may or may not recognize private ownership of land and natural resources; generally, goods are owned by the community.

MERCANTILISM

A belief that a nation’s power comes from its wealth.

Do you agree?

The strategy: Keep the wealth at home (in your nation). Sell more than you buy.

IMPERIALISM

Empire – Imperialism

A strong nation dominates other countries politically, economically or socially.

IMPERIALISM

ColonialismA place governed internally by a foreign nation.

Sphere of InfluenceA place where a foreign nation claims exclusive privileges.

Economic ImperialismA place where private businesses have control.

RELIGION

What is religion? Why is religion important in studying history?

How does religion influence our values? and our culture?

TOP FIVE RELIGIONS

What are the top five religions in the world?

1. Christianity2. Islam3. Hinduism4. Buddhism5. Judaism

CHRISTIANITY

One god Abraham Isaac Jesus

ABRAHAM

THREE RELIGIONS

Islam: Descendents of Ishmael will be a great nation.

Judaism: Descendents of Jacob will be a great nation.

Christianity: Judaism plus Jesus

FAMILY TREE OF RELIGIONAbraham

Ishmael Isaac

Jacob

JesusMuslims

Jews

Christians

ISLAM

One god Abraham Ishmael Mohammed

Muslims

HINDUISM

lots of gods

BUDDHISM

spiritual leader

JUDAISM

One god Abraham Jews

ANIMISM

a belief in spirits animals, trees, rocks are important

GEOGRAPHY

What Is Geography? Why is geography important to a country?

5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY

1. Location2. Place3. Human-Environmental Interactions4. Movement5. Regions

LOCATION

Relative Location North of … South of … In between … and ….

Absolute Location EXACTLY where.

Written as: 21°N 158°W

PLACE

Human Characteristics

Physical Characteristics

HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS

Humans adapt to the environment. Humans modify the environment. Humans depend on the environment.

MOVEMENT

People Goods Ideas

REGIONS

Formal Functional Perceptual

CONTINENTS

Asia Africa Europe Australia Antarctica South America North America

OCEANS & SEAS

North Atlantic Ocean North Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Mediterranean Sea Baltic Sea

THE COMPASS ROSE

What are the points of the compass?

REGIONS

Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere Tropic of Cancer Equator

This is an entire sphere.

THE GLOBAL GRIDThe Earth is divided by latitude and longitude lines. There are several important lines to know on the earth's surface: #1 is the ARCTIC CIRCLE found at 66 ½ o

NORTH of the Equator

#2 is the TROPIC OF CANCER found at 23 ½ o NORTH of the Equator

#3 is the EQUATOR which splits the earth into two hemispheres at 0o Latitude

#4 is the TROPIC OF CAPRICORN found 23 ½ o SOUTH of the Equator.

#5 is the ANTARCTIC CIRCLE 6

#6 is the PRIME MERIDIAN which runs north to south at 0o LONGITUDE

WHY GEOGRAPHY MATTERS:

90% of the world lives north of the equator. Most of the world’s dry land is north of the

equator.

The area between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer is temperate. It has seasons. (Good for agriculture)

WEATHER ZONES

Polar Too cold

Tropical Too hot

Temperate Just right

How might weather conditions be helpful to a country?

NATURAL RESOURCES

Coal Iron Water Oil Diamonds Coltan

What can a country do if it doesn’t have the resources it needs?

SETTLEMENT PATTERNS

Where do people want to be? What would make people move?

Migration: Moving Immigration: Moving INTO a country. Emigration: Moving OUT of a country.