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AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS FOZ DO NEIVA

 VIANA

AND

ITS COSTUMES

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Clothing appears linked to the

beginnings of mankind. While we can

not accurately determine the timewhen man began to dress, we know that

the fabrics appear with the

first Neolithic communities in the Fertile

Crescent region, around the eighth

millennium BC. Formerly man was limited

to cover the body with leaves, tree bark

and animal skins.

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The mechanical loom appears in England during the Industrial

Revolution (eighteenth century) and it allowed a revolutionarychange in the textile sector.

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Celtiberians

CarthaginianLusitanian

The war brought with it the necessity of military

dress, designed to provide maximum protection and

flexibility to combatants.

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Visigothic

Arabic

Roman

Greek

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Vikings

 Medieval Knight

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From a merely protective function, clothing will

soon assume a character of social, economic and

cultural differentiation.

The richThe poor

CLOTHING AS SYMBOL OF SOCIAL

DIFFERENTIATION

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In the second half of the nineteenth century, contrary to

what happened to the wealthier classes, the people were still

wearing traditional clothes, which varied according to region

and profession.

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The linen plant

Sheep

Os The traditional costumes of Viana

were made with two basic raw

materials: linen and wool.

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Despite their variety, thecostumes of the women in the

region of Viana have common

characteristics: long round

skirts, short jackets, aprons and

large handmade white socks.

Noteworthy is the gold that

Viana women bear, even

in times less likely as in

mourning. Even working in the

fields, they did not dispensed

with gold hidden inside

their shirts.

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With regard to the vianesa style costume, used in

the villages around Viana do Castelo, it is necessary to consider the

location and the time that it was used.

We can consider three major types of attire: the "party one,the "work one, and the "Sunday one."

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The party costume is the richest

and most flamboyant, used only onspecial occasions, as was the case in

honor of the feast of the patron saint of 

the village or the feasts of Our Lady

of Agony.

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The work costume

is simple, made with materials

of lower predicament

and sparsely decorated.

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The "Sunday costume which lies

between the party costume and

the work costume, it lacks the

richness of the first, and the

simplicity of the second. It was

used to go to church or the town.

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Mordomas  were the girls who used to

help to organise the festival. They asked for

donations, organised auctions to raise money

and were responsible for the cleaning anddecoration of the areas where the festival

would take place. They also had the

honourable position of representing the

village during important moments.

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Girls were married in the same outfit

that was used to be mordomas, with a

few small alterations, possibly because

being Mordoma for women was as

important as marriage.The wedding dress was a noble black

dress, only brightened by the light

colour of the had scarf, the white of 

the socks and the brilliant yellow of 

the gold.

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The work of  

collecting the seaweed was

always done in the water.

The man costume -

Branqueta - was madeof thick wool with natural

color, down to the knee, and

tight with little wheel in

front of a set of buttons

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The women costume

had two parts: a skirt

and a jacket.

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Some of the pieces of  

the party garment of Minhowomen.

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The importance

of the Viana style

costume is evident in this

photograph dated 1890, in

which the futureKing Manuel II, last king of 

Portugal, is at the lap of her

nurse, who is dressed in

the Viana style costume.

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Bibliography:Botelho, J. A. (2010). Museu do Traje de Viana do Castelo - Catálogo. Viana do Castelo: Câmara Municipal de

Viana do Castelo

THE END

AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS FOZ DO NEIVA - PORTUGAL

Prepared within the framework of the Comenius project -

the 6th grade classes. January 2012.

(Orientation of disciplinary groups of  History and Arts).