Post on 07-Mar-2020
Livelihoods chu ‘ei leh bar kan zawnna kawng hi a ni’.
Dam khawchhuah nana hma kan lakna, hmanrua leh thil
kan tih hrang hrangte hi a ni.
LIVELIHOOD UNDER IWMP
Lalthanmawia Ralte
Core Faculty (Eco),
SIRD, Mizoram.
Livelihood chu enge ni?
Livelihood
chu miin a nunna
atana a mamawh, a
tel lova a awm
theih loh heng-
eitur, tui, chenna
leh silh leh fen
nei tura hma a
lakna, a eizawnna
hi a ni.
Chutichuan
Livelihood chu
tui, ei leh bar,
ran chaw, damdawi
leh silhfen nei
tura hmalakna
hrang hrang leh
mihring tha leh hmanraw dang hmanga a chunga
mamawh tarlante nei thei tura mimal emaw pawl
kaltlangin emawa a sum lakluh tipung tura hma a
lak dan leh chumi hmanga amah leh a chhungkuate
zahawm taka an khawsak theih nana an mamawh
phuhruk dan hi a ni tiin a hrilhfiah theih.
Livelihood chu a tawi zawngin ‘Eizawnna’ tiin a
sawifiah theih awm e.
Livelihood hmalaknate hi tum khata tlak mai chi
nilovin tih nawn fo ngai chi an ni. Chuvang chuan
Livelihood chu a daih rei tur a ni a, a ngialnghet
tur a ni. Livelihood chu a tlo emaw a ngialnghet kan
tih theih hun chu:-
1. Hun harsa leh hun khirh (khawkheng, tui lian, indo
etc.) pawh dawl zo leh heng hun atang pawha rawn
ding chhuak leh thei a nihin.
2. Leilung hausakna tichhe lova a theihna leh a thil
siam chhuah hlutna a ngaia vawn emaw tih hmasawn a
nihin.
Livelihood hian ze hrang pali pawimawh tak tak a
nei:
I. Income
II. Expenditure
III. Employment
IV. Risk
Livelihood ze hrang hrangte hi a tha zawng emaw a chhe
zawngin emaw an danglam thin a. A hnuaiah hian danglam
tura duhthusam dan entir a ni:
LIVELIHOOD GROUP:
Pawl hrang hrang hmalakna
inang te tan Livelihood (eizawnna) hi a thuhmun
thei. ‘Livelihood Group’ kan tih chu pawl
inhlawmkhawm pakhat, a chhunga miten:-
Hmalakna thuhmun an nei.
Khawtlang leh hnam ziarang inang an nei.
Khawsak phung leh sum leh paiah intluk tlanna an
nei.
LIVELIHOOD FRAMEWORK
Eng nge Livelihood framework chu?
Mimal emaw khawtlangin emaw eizawnna atana hma an
lakna tur thlan kawnga finchhuahtu leh a kawng
kawhhmuhtu a ni.
Livelihood Framework peng hrang hrangte:
Livelihood hi thil chi hrang hrang avangin a awm thei
a, chung thil hrechiang tur chuan heng a hnuai a mite
hi hriatthiam a tul a ni.
Vulnerability context
Livelihood resources or assets
Policies, institutions and processes
Livelihood strategies
Livelihood outcomes or goals
Vulnerability context: Mihringte chenna/nunphung
pawnlam, a chunga thuneihna neih chin an neih leh an
thunun theih miah loh lam a huam. Heng thil te hian
an khawsak phung leh an eizawnna ah harsatna a thlen
thin a ni. Thil chi thum a awm thei
1. Long term trend factor:
Leilung hausakna hi a
kum telin a tlem tawlh
tawlh,
Mihring pem avangin
mipui kan tam lutuk
thei,
Ramchhung inrelbawlna duhthusam loh deuhin a
inthlak thleng thei,
Thil siamchhuah leh tharchhuah a
chawl thuap thei.
2. Risk of shocks: Thawk leh khata inthlak
phut thei, hriat lawk theih lem loh lam a ni.
Entirnan
Khawkheng emaw tuilian emaw lirnghing emaw
avanga sik leh sa lo inthlak danglam nasa
lutukin thing leh ransa a tichimit vek thei.
Tualchhung buaina hian khawtlang nunphung a
tibuai vek thei.
HIV/AIDS leh natna dang hrileng avangin
loneih leh a kaihhnawiha hnathawktute an
inthlak burh thei.
3. Seasonal elements: Sik leh sa leh hunbi inthlak
hian thlai thar chhuah leh a hralhna kawng leh
mihring khawsak phung a tidanglam thei a ni.
Entirnan
Thil man chungchangah danglamna a thlen thei
a. Thil man sang lutuk hian thlai thar
chhuahte lei a ti chak awm lova, hei hian
tharchhuah lam a thlah thlam tir thin a ni.
Inhlawh tur awmdan azirin thlai, loneih leh a
kaihhnawih lama tharchhuahte pawh hi a ti
hlawk lo thei a ni.
Livelihood resources or assets: Mihringte hian
eizawnna tluan tling nei tur chuan assets hrang
hrang kan mamawh: Entirnan
Human assets
Social
assets
Natural
assets
Physical assets
Financial assets
Heng assets hrang hrangte hi an inkungkaih vek a, an
mahni chauh chuan mihring ten eizawnna atanga rahchhuah
hmuh an tum tam tak leh chi hrang hrangte hi pe chhuak
thei an awm lo a ni.
Policies, institutions and
processes: Mihring ten keimahni a
kan insiamchawp, kan livelihood
thiltum kan hmuh theihna tur
atana a kawng min kawhhmuh theitu
lam hi a ni. Kil tinah hmuh tur a
awm, inchhungkhur atanga rampawn
thlengin, mimal atanga vantlang
thleng pawhin. Eng eizawnna kawng
nge kan thlan dawn a, eng ang hlawkna nge kan hmuh
ang a, eng ang hmanrua nge kan
hman ang a, eng thutlukna nge kan
siam ang tih te hi nasa takin an
nghawng a ni.
Policies (agricultural,
land tenure or land use)
hi chhiatna lo thleng thei thlen tirtu emaw
lo vengtu emaw atan hmanrua a ni thei.
Institution (civic, political or economic)
rintlak emaw rorelna leh a kalphung tha hian
mipuite leh an hamthatna a veng thei.
Kan kalphung (Processes) hian a chunga kan
sawi tak institutions te leh mipuite an thawh
ho a hma an lak dun dan hi a hril a, Heng ei
leh bar dinhmun danglam te, inhlawhfak
kalphung leh thil hralh lama danglamna lo awm
te hi a huam thei.
Livelihood Strategies: Khawsak phung
pangngaia kan nun ve theih nan eng
china zau nge tih leh engah te hian
nge hma kan lak ang tih thutlukna siam
thiam hi eizawnna tur thlan dawn hian
a pawimawhin chumi mila hmalak thiam
chu a tha. Eizawnna kawng hi chi
hnihin a then theih:
1. Natural resource-base (thlawhhma lak, ran
vulh, puantah etc)
2. Non-natural resource-base (sumdawn leh a
kaihhnawih)
Livelihood outcomes or goals: Livelihood atana
ruahmanna in a tum ber chu
mipuite mamawh a daihzai thei
ang ber leh a tha thei ang
bera pek hi a ni. Livelihood
ruahmanna tha avangin heng a
hnuaia rahchhuahte hi beisei
theih an ni.
1. Ei leh bara intodelhna
2. Nunphung a hmasawnna
3. Khawsak phung
derthawnna a tinep
4. Sum leh pai dinhmun a hmasawnna
5. Leilung hausakna hun rei zawk kan hman
theihna turin a siam tha
IWMP-ah Livelihood
IWMP Common Guidelines hian
Livelihood hmalakna kalpui
turin in leh lo emaw ram leh
huan emaw nei ve lo te hi
hmalak hmasakna tur atan a dah
pawimawh hle a, hemi a nih
avang hian project atâna sum
leh pai lut zawng zawng zinga
za a pakua (9%) hi Livelihood
hmalakna bil atan liau liau a
dah hran a ni. Ram buâ chei
leh ngaw humhalh lam ngawr
ngawr a tha leh tui te hmang
zo lova Project huamchhung mi leh sa ten kawng hran
hrana hlawk zawk a in lam eizawnna kawnga an thiamna
neih te an chhawr tangkai leh zual theih nan kawng
kawhmuh hi a tum ber pakhat a ni a. He inkaihhruaina
hmanga mi rethei zawkte leh pachhe zawk ten in leh lo
emaw huan leh ram nghet emaw te an lo neih ve theih nan
sum deh chhuah leh thlai thar te pei punna lama an
intahluh ve theihna hun remchang siam sak a tum ni. Hei
hian resource hmun khat atanga hlawkna leh hamthatna
sum deh chhuahna leh khawsakphung a hmasawnna mitin te
tan a siam a ni.
Livelihood hmasawnna atana inkaihhruaina dan:
Livelihood hmalakna hian kalphung feltak nei a,a hmei a
pâ thliar lovin in khuangrual tak leh langtlang thei
ang ber a leilung hausakna hmang tangkai chunga mi
harsa te hmasawnna rahbi thar a hlan kai hi a ngaih
pawimawh ber ni.
a. Rethei zawk ten in leh lo nghet
an lo neih ve theihna tura
eizawnna lama tam zawk thar
tura hma an lak ve theihna hun
remchang siam sak.
b. Hnam hnuaihnung bik te, veng
hnufum bik te, huanlo ram neilo
te leh hmeichhe awm nem zawkte
abik taka chhawmdawl leh
chawikan.
c. Hamthatna dawng tur thlan chungchangah
induhsakna hleihluak awm lova langtlang thei ang
bera kalpui.
Livelihood ruahmanna:
i. Watershed chungchanga hmalatu tur
pâwl thlante mawhphurhna chu
project hnuaia Livelihood hamthatna
leh hmalakna tihpuitlin hi a ni.
ii. Hmalakna ina hamthatna dawngtu tur
dik tak leh a chhawrtu tur dik tak
te a hmaih loh nan Livelihood
kalphung inhrilh hriatna Vantlang
inkhawm emaw a tlukpui intawhkhawmna
emaw huaihawt tur a ni.
iii. Livelihood kaihhnawih bika hmalak
dan tur chipchiar taka ziahna
“Livelihood Action Plan (LAP)” behchhana sum hi
pek chhuah tur a ni.
iv. Livelihood Action Plan (LAP) hi IWMP Project
hnuaia hmalakdan tur chi hrang hrangte duan
rualin Project Implementing Agency (PIA)-te’n
WDT leh Watershed Committee-te, SHG members-te,
huan lo ram nghet nei lote leh eizawnna
ngelnghet neilote rawn chungin a duang tur a
ni. LAP hi Detail Project Report (DPR) siamna
atan akila lung pawimawh ber te zing ami a ni
a, Livelihood Plan a that zawk nan PIA ten he
mi chungchang a mi thiam bik team ami emaw
agency ami emaw hunchhung nei in a ruai thei
ang, heng mithiam te rawih nan hian
Administrative Cost atangin sum a pawt peng
thei ang. Tin, PIA te hian 2nd Installment
pekchhuah hmain an hmalak lehna tur zâu atan
LAP hi an siam ngei tur a ni.
v. MGNREGS, NRLM leh
programme dang dang
te, eizawnna kawng
chi hran hran tana
hma la ve tho te nen thuangkhata hmalakna a kal
theihna turin PIA ten hma an la tur a ni.
vi. He ruahmanna duan (LAP) hian, hmalakna ina a
huam khuate sum leh pai dinhmun uluk taka zir
chiangin, an tûn dinhmunte
diktakin a pholang tur a ni.
Hriattur pawimawh awm ang
ang te lak khawm nan PRA
hmangin emaw pâwlho te ti ti
puiin (focus group
discussion) emaw a puipunna
huaihawt tur a ni. He
ruamhmanna duan (LAP) hian hmachhawp te pho
langin, Mahni in tanpuitu pâwl (SHGs) tanpuitur
zatte leh a hlawkna rahchhuah tur mitthla theih
turin a pholang tur a ni.
vii. Livelihood Action Plan ziahna hi SHGs-te leh
Vantlang hruaitute hmuh theih tur a dah ve tur
ani.
viii. Mipui leh Project chhawrtu zawng zawngte
berawn chungin Livelihood Action Plan hi PIA-
ten an mamawh ang zel leh a tul ang zelin an ti
danglam thei ang.
Hmalak dan tur:
a) Livelihood Action Plan-hi Self Help Group leh a
thuihhruai pâwl dangte hmanga tih puitlin tur a ni
a. Heti anih lai hian mimal tana hman tangkai ve
theih tur Livelihood sum dawn za a sawm (10%) hi
dah hran a ni ve tho a ni.
b) SHGs lo hmingtha tawhsa te emaw SHGs mihring 5 –
20 ina andin thar ten emaw Livelihood hnuaia
hmachhawp hrang hrangte hi an kal pui thei ang.
c) Livelihood hnuaia SHG a tel tur thlan dawnin
khawsak phung intluk tlang deuh, tuina thuhmun,
mamawh inangkhat tlang te awm khawmna bik pâwl
then hrang hrang siam tur a ni .
d) SHG hian hmalakna hi SHG huâng chhungah a huhova
hmasawn nan emaw, mimal bil (a inchawk) a hmasawn
nan emaw thuang hnihin an kalpui thei ve ve a.
Mimal hamthat nana sum leh pai te hman a nih reng
rengin SHG in a sum leh pai chelek chungchangah
leh a hnathawh dan chungchangah thu a nei ang.
e) Mimal thahnemngaihna avanga Livelihood
chungchangah rawtna; amah emaw midang emaw tana
sum leh pai pûk theihna tur ruamhmanna thlen a nih
reng rengin Watershed Committee te sawipuina
behchhanin Watershed Cell cum Data Centre (WCDC)
in uluk takin a ngaihtuah ang a, sum leh pai
tanpuina a sem chhuah hma in thutlukna a siam tur
a ni. Nimahsela, mimal tana sum puk theih hi
Livelihood sum za a sawm (10%) aia tam a ni tur a
ni lo.
Livelihood component hnuaia sum
leh pai tanpuina dawn theih
dan:
i. Livelihood component
zârzotû turte zingah
vantlang rualpâwl phak lote,
hnam hnuaihnung zawkte, in
leh lo huan hmun nghet nei zo lote leh hmeichhiate
thlan tel tur an ni, PRA hmanga zirchianna
behchhanin dinhmun hnuaihnunga ding rau rau
hmeichhiate zingah pawh chhungkhat pa neilote leh
hnam hnuaihnung bik (ST/SC)-te leh sum leh pai
dinhmuna pachhe zawkte duhsak tur an ni.
ii. SHG pakhat chhungah chhûngtin atangin mi
pakhat aia tam a tel theih loh ang.
iii. SHG hmeichhe pâwl te ngaih pawimawh bik tur
an ni.
Budget: Project sum zawng zawng atanga
zâ-apakua (9%) hi Livelihood atana dah a
ni.
Sum pekchhuah dan kalphung leh enkawl dan:
Livelihood sum tur hi Project sum dawn zawng zawng
atanga la chhuakin Watershed Committee-te account
ah dah luh tur a ni.
Anni hian sum leh pai a chhawmdawl ngaite puih nan
(SHGs te sumlû lûmlet tur atante, SHGs-te
inrelbawlna tih paukhauh nan te/ SHG peng tenau
zawk ten Livelihood hnuaia hma lian zawka an lak
theih nan te) an hmang ang.
Livelihood tana sum dawn zawng zawng atangin a lo
berah zâ-a sawmsarih (70%) hi SHGs chhunga sum
lûmlet(revolving fund) tur atan bik hman tur a ni
a, hengte hian mimal intunnun-na
tur pawh a keng tel ang. Tin, sum za a sawmthum
(30%) hi SHGs leh a peng hnuaihnung zawkte
inrêlbawlna tih phuisui nan hman theih a ni.
Revolving Fund atana seed money:
SHG tan:
SHG reng rengin sum an mamawh in Watershed
Committee (WC) ah dîlna an thlen tur a ni ; heng
dilnate hi ngunthlûk taka WC rorelnaah te sawi ho
a nih hnuah rem an tih tlan chuan SHG-te sum
mamawh dan anga zirin sum an pe thei ang.
Sum lumlet tur atan sum lû Rs. 25,000 hi SHG ten
hmalakna tur ruangâm WC-a an theh luh hnuah,
Livelihood hmalakna huang chhung ami a nih chuan
WC te pawmpuina in sum hi pek an ni ang.
SHG ten sumlu atan a an lak chu a thla bi in emaw
an rûl (repay) leh tur a ni a, heng sum tlingkhawm
leh te hi anmahni ah vêk emaw pâwl dangah emaw WC-
te thutlukna mila sem leh a ni ang. Tin, sumlû
rulh chungchangah pawl chak dan leh hmalakna a zir
in emaw an sum dinhmuna zirin emaw pawisa rulhna
sum tam lam tur hi WC-in an bitukang. Tin, heng
sumte hi thla sawmpariat (18) chhungin rulh zawh
ngei tur a ni.
Sum fai a mimal kuta sum sem hi
tih loh tur a ni a, Cheque a pek
tur a ni. Tin, Pawisa pek chhuah
hma in SHG in an pawl chhunga mi
pahnih (2) hmingin Bank ah
account intawm an hawng tur a
ni.
Enterprising Individuals tan:
Sum leh pai mimal tana hman anih dawn reng rengin
Livelihood nen inkaihhnawiha hmalakna tur
ruahmante tarlangin Watershed Committee (WC)-ah a
thlen tur a ni. Tin, dilna te chu ngunthlûk taka
WC rorelnaah sawiho anih hnuin rem an tih tlan
chuan PIA ten WCDC-ah an dilsak anga, sumlû
inhmanchhawk tur chu pek chhuah an ni ang.
Heng rorelna ah te hian sum leh pai chhawmdawlna
dîltu te chu an telve ngei tur a ni a, tin, sum
leh paia tanpui tur an thlanchhuah takte chu an
dinhmun inthlauhna leh ngaih pawimawh dan tur
indawt a zirin huang hran hranah thliar hran tur a
ni a, chhawmdâwlna in a huap kim zawk theih nan
tanpuina an pek leh turte ngaih pawimawh dan pawh
hemi behchhan a thlan tur hi a ni ang.
WCDC in rem a tih hnuah Wateshed Committee-ten sum
an pe chhuak ang. Mimal tinte sum lu lak chu a
thla bi in emaw rulh leh tur a ni a, heng sum
tlingkhawm leh te hi an mahni ah vêk emaw pâwl
dangah emaw WC-te thutlukna anga sem leh a ni ang.
Sumlu rulh chungchangah mimal theihna leh hmalakna
a zirin emaw an sum dinhmun
a zirin emaw pawisa rulhna
sum tam lam tur hi WC-in an
bituk ang. Tin, heng sum te
hi thla sawmpariat (18)
chhungin pek kir leh ngei
tur a ni.
Mimal chungchang bikah chuan anmahni remchan anga
an lakchhuah mai theih turin an Account-ah Cheque
hmangin sum dah luh sak tur a ni.
Major Livelihood activities atana sum awm theih dan:
Project hnuai a SHG emaw a
kaihhnawih pâwl tenau zawk
ten (a lo berah pâwl panga
tal inzawmkhawm in)
hmachhawp lian tham
Livelihood hmalakna huang
zauh thei tur emaw chak
zawka kal theihna tur emaw
ruahmanna an neihin Loan an
dîl thei ang. Hemi dîl tur hian WC ten WCDC-ah an
thlen pui anga, anni hi project enkawltu
Department leh Bank-te nen inrawnkhawm in, tul an
tih chuan sum an hman tir thei ang.
Hmalakna tur hmachhawp a len a zir zelin Loan
(tanpuina sum fai emaw) an dawng thei ang. Tin, he
tanpuina tur sum hi hmalakna tur senso zawng zawng
zâ-a 50 (50 % of the cost of activity) emaw cheng
nuaih hnih (2 Lakhs) emaw, hemi pahniha a tlem
zawk zawk hi a ni tur a. Chubakah, tanpuina sum an
dawn hian Livelihood tana sum dah zâ-a sawmthum
(30%) a pel tur a nilo, chu chu Project tana sum
dawn zawng zawng zâ-a pakua (9%) tihna a ni.