Post on 13-Apr-2018
I I APR 2002
TTIE INTENTION TO PROMOTE AI\D DEVELOP TT{E AGING
OF TITE MEMBERS OF TAMBON ADMIIYISTRATTVE ORGAITIIZATION :
A CASE STT]DY IN PHITSATIIJLOK PROVINCE
CHATCHATYAKARN SUKNARIN=,
With complimentsof
rirufi sri m m du uu'ri yr ut niu rufi pr n................1...........aar.............a.at1f r1r,r,
A TIIESIS SI]BMITTED IN PARTIAL FT]LF'ILLMENT
oF THE REQUIREMENTS X'OR
TIIE DEGREE OF MASTER OF'EDUCATION
(POPULATTON EDUCATTON)
FACT]LTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES
MAIIIDOL UNTVtrRSITY
2001
rsBN 974-04-1206-8
COPYRIGHT OF MAHIDOL I]NIVERSITY]H \
C $ta t,z0 01
L,l_
Copyright by Mahidol University
l
Thesisentitled
TIIE INTENTION TO PR.OMOTE AND DE\{ELOP THE AGING
OF THE MEMBERS OF TAMBON ADMIMSTRATI\{E ORGA}TIZATION:
A CASE STI'DY IN PIIITSAMJLOK PROVINCE
(w4..:....
trdr.Chatchaiyakarn SuknarinCandidate
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TEJ,rdwl"""'r""r""" l)r- 0b
Asst Prof, Praphaphan Un-ob,Ed.D.Major-Advisor
Al /( {lzwawr Ihh&t'
Assoc. Prof. Nawarat Phiainoi,Ed.D.Co-AdviSor
a:\-- /r- !p. - ,LLe-aC/'L^u-. ^'
Lect Trakul Meechai.M.A.Co-Advisor-
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n/1 /,4'-J ,L-----
. Prof, Liangchai Limlomwongse-, Ph.D.
Deantranslgy of Graduate Studiesa
r1 n)a \
$.1',t rr,1 l/"(atho t
Assoc. Prof. Supavan PhlainoiChairMaster of Education Progranmein Population EducationFaculty of Sociai Sciences andHumannities
Copyright by Mahidol University
t
Thesis
. entifled
THE INTENTION TO PROMOTE AI\D DE\{ELOP TIIE AGING
OF THE MEMBERS OF TAMBON ADMIMSTRATTVE ORGANIZATION:
A CASE STUDYIN PHITSAIIIULOK PROVINCE
rffas submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies, MahidolUniversityfor the degree of Master ofEducation @opulation Education)
onDecember.2T 2001
Mr.Chatchaiyakarn SuknarinCandidate
-dr,
Asst. Prof. Praphapha Un-ob, Ed.D.Chair
{yhrwr*l ylv6oV,
Assoc. Prof. Nawarat Phlainoi, Ed.D.Member
l
I
Prof. Liangchai Limlomvirongse,Ph.D.DeanFaculty of graduate StudiesMahidol University
)
Y -Lc-<.e ^-,'Lect- Trakul Meechai, M.A.Member
Ph.D.DeanFaculty of Social Sciences and HumanitiesMahidol University
Copyright by Mahidol University
aAETQTK}WLSI'GEMENT
This thesis has been completed with special kind of Assistant
Professor Eh.Praphaphan Urcb, Aswiate Professor Dr.Nawarat Phlainoi,
Associate profesmr Dr.Yottrin $awanddee, Lectural Trakul Meechai who gave
me the great advisory and willpower as rrell as reco{nmerdatiorn that I hereby
hiehly appreciate this.
I have to gine special thank to Mr.Boonlert Leemtongkul, head of
Phitsanuffi provincial public hcalth officer, Miss Walaiporn Ditchaiwong head
of department ofheal& poliey ard planning Mr.Monlad Phettarasretsrenee and
the other in my office who gave me the opportunity for this ducatiron.
I would like to thank all professors in Edtreation deparhrent for thir
kind and invaluable during I have sftrdied in &is faculty and all friends in
generation 2l n helping especially for Miss. Peerantrch Suwannarat and Miss.
Duangnr&ai Bhuaduand who give a consult in analysis.
Last I need to thenk to rny mottt€r Mrs.Bangorn $ulmariq my wife
Mrs.Ratsamee Suknarin ard my daughter who gave me the willpower and
edtrcation fund mtil strcceed in this edtrcatiein.
)
a
a
Chatchaiyakarn Stdmarin
Copyright by Mahidol University
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. Thesis / iv
I
3936195 SHPEA{ : MAIOR: POPULATION EDUCATION;M.Ed. (POPULATION EDUCATION)
KEY WORDS : TNTENTION, AGING DEVELOPMENT, TTIE
MEMBERS OF TAMBON ADMINISTRATIVEORGA}{IZATION
CHATCHAIYAKARN SUKNARIN : TIIE INTENTION TO PROMOTE
A}.{D DEVELOP TTIE AGING OF TIIE MEMBERS OF TAMBONADMINISTRATTVE ORGANIZATION : A CASE STIJDY IN PHITSANULOKPROVINCE. THESIS ADVISORES: PRAPHAPHAN UN.OB, Ed.D., NAWARATPHLAINOI, Ed.D., TRAKUL MEECHAI, M.A., YOTHIN SAWANIGDEE, Ph.D.
170 p. ISBN 974-04-1206-8
The purpose of this research was to study the level and factors associated
with aging development of the members of Tambon Administative Organization inPhitsanulok Province. Through this work ooaging" refers to aging-awareness" in term ofperception, promotion, education, information and empowennent. Data was collectedusing questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The sample of 408 members of Tambon
Administrative Organization were given questionnaires and 5 members, 2 deputies the
of Tambon Administative Organization and 3 older members participated in the in-depth interviews. Data was aralyzed using descriptive statistics to find the relationshipby Percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson product momentcorrelation and Mutiple regression analysis. The qualitative data was analyzed bycontent analysis.
The results reveal that the intention of the members of Tambon'sAdministrative Organization to develop agrng sfiategies is at the middle level with36.3% of variance. The attitude to aging development and the perception in agingexpectation show the highest relationship in a positive direction, otherwise experienceand income factors are related in a negative direction. The biggest problem foundduring the course of implementation were to do with the perception of a real aglngproblems and real agrng potential into both the members of Tambon adminisfrativeorganization, aging and their families, and additionally, the lack of knowledge formanimum useful agrng development
Based on the research results, it is suggested that intention to agingdeveloping awareness and aging promotion should be used to increase the attitude andperceptions in aging expectations by providing education, aging information and agingempowennent in civil society procedure. Related human resources and organizationsshould integrate and sympathize with agtng development planning.
C
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{Copyright by Mahidol University
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ.
I
Thesis / v
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INTENTION TO PROMOTE AND DEVELOP TIM AGING OF TIIE MEMBERS OF TAMBON
ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANZATION: A CASE STIJDY IN PHITSANULOK PROVINCE)
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run v :"l u h 6'u rfi o n'r r ru rfl u ro n n r n t u n r : ffq d r u Fr u rfrvl u r fr q.r o r q*Copyright by Mahidol University
CONTENTS
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iv
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT @nglish)
ABSTRACT (Thai)
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGTJRE
CHAPTER
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viii
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I INTRODUCTION
l. Rational
2. Objectives of research
3. Research question
4. Hypothesis
5. Scope of the research
6. Operation definitions
7. Benefit of research
e8. The conceptual framework
LITERTT'RE REVIEW
1. Definitions and concepts relate to the intention
in the elderly development
Body of knowledge about Tambon Administrative Organization
The significance ofvariables and relevant researches
l3
2.
3.
27
32I
Copyright by Mahidol University
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CONTENTS (cont.)
CHAPTER
ilI RESEARCIIMETHODOLOGY
1. The quantitative research
2. The qualitative research
IV RESULTS
1. The results of quantitative research
2. The results of qualitative research
V DISCUSSIONS
l. Intention to promote and develop aging
2. The factors that related with the intention
of aging development
3. The factors that not related
with the intention of aging development
VI CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
Recommendation from this research
Recommendation to the next research
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150
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86
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BIBLIOGRAPI{Y
APPEI\DX
Questionnaire
BIOGRAPITY Copyright by Mahidol University
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
I Tambon Administrative Organization classification 29
2 Conclusion of independent variables from concept, theory and relate researches 40
3 Numbers of samples divided by district 44
4 Numbers and percentage of the sample divided by general characteristics58
5 Numbers and percentage of the attitude to promote and develop
the aging divided by level 60
6 Attitude to promote and develop to the aging divided by items 6l
7 Numbers and percentage of role perception to promote and develop the aging
divided by level 64
8 Percentage of role perception to promote and develop the agrng divided by 64
items
9 Numbers and percentage of the aging information perception 66
l0 Type of the media of aging information 67
1l Numbers and percentage of religious education and practices 67
12 Percentage of the religious education and practices 68
13 Numbers and percentage of the suggestion of promote and develop the aging 69
14 Percentage of the suggestion to promote and develop aging divided by items 70
l5 Numbers and percentage of experience to promoted and develop aglng 7l
16 Percentage of the experience to promote and develop aging divided by items 72
l7 Numbers and percentage of the perception in aging developed expectation 75
18 Percentage of the perception in aging develop expectation divided by items 75
l9 Numbers and percentage of the level intention to promote and develop aging 77
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LIST OF TABLE (cont.)
I rable
20 Percentage of intention to promote and develop aging divided by items 78
2l The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) ofstudy variables by presented 83
correlation mefic model variables in the research
22.T\e stepwise multiple regression analysis in independence variable that 85
relationship with the intention to promote and develop aging.
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LIST OX'F'IGI]RES
I Figure Page
12I The conceptual framework
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Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / I
CIIAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1. Rational
The aged are the people who are 60 years old and over. They are the last age
group in population. Issues dealing with the elderly of the population are remarkable
and current today. This is the result of development in medical and health technology,
which has increased peoples average age, especially people in the Asian region who
have had a more rapid rate than America and the European region. Thailand's increase
in terms of aging is more rapid than the developed countries.
At the same time as the national population policy in 1970 emphasized
family planning strategies which made a rapid decrease in fertility in Thailand, There
was a high and rapid increasing to the amount and portion of the aged. There was an
increase from 4.6 % n 1960 ta 9.2Yo in 2000 (Ministry of Public Health & Khonlhan
University, 2000: 99-100), and this is expected to increase from 10.3% (6.7 million)
to l3.4Yo (13.4 million) in 2006 and 2016 n sequence (Human Resource Planning
Division, National Economic & Social Development Board, 1995 cited by lnstitution
of Aging Medicine, Depaffirent of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, 1998:
1).
Aging awareness must be changed in body, mind and society. @bersol,
1981 cited by Chaweewan Jantara! 1997: 4044; Laksamee Boontam, 1996: 16-17)
the biology aging may change the degenerate in the body cell, by the Wear and
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin lntroduction / 2
Tear theory. As the Immunological Theory indicated that the aging body will be able
to makes less immune, and destroy themselves. It makes the body immune to less
diseases, the degenerate in the body made the aging more prone to sickness and more
violence, and become to deforrred and died.
Not only the hard life from their degenerate body, mind and social factors,
otherwise the society and environment condition by the national development would
make the stnrcnral violence. Because of the unequal in distibute an income, a social
welfare, a life and property secrnity between the nual and urban. (Prawes Wasee,
1996: 92) the development procedure push 'the
disadvantage human to be
marginalized, especially the human who lives in rural and so far from the center of
development must be more handicapped in social. The reason for the increase income
by the rich and the poor, in the year 2000 the rich has 20 % higher has income in 51.0
o/o of GDP, 20 % poorest has income in 5.5% of GDP, as the Bangkok human was
income distibution in 40-50 %. (National Economic & Social Development Board,
2000:l)
The development structure was changed from the agriculfirist social to be
the industial, and brought the new technology that makes the yor.rng generation
migrate to the urban area. The new generations has not received the body of
knowledge and the experience from the aging, and cause less respect to aging. As the
changing of extended families to more nuclear families, made the new generation less
aging in the past. Otherwise the migration always abandon their children to the aglng
responsibility, it cause the weakness the family institutiorq and makes more effect to
the health and the mind of the aging. (Kamnuansilpa, et al., nd. cited by Ministry of
Health & KhonlJran University,2000: 106-107)
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These several things were more effected to the aging life in social welfare.
the aging will have limits to survive by themselves and depend on the family and the
social welfare more than the past. The development and the social construction
changes in rural areas, as the main factors same time as capitalism and consumerism
trends that makes the money is the vital factor to stay alive. Thai people intend to seek
income and luxury, and don't behave morally and selfish and don't follow the rule. By
this it destroy the way of life and Thai value, and makes the rural area more poor, it
break down and create more unemployment. The people in rural area can not help
themselves and can not depend on other communities.
The development makes violence effected to agrng groups, because they
were handicapped and limited by the physical, biological and cultmal factors,
therefore they will have more difficult stand al-ive, and may become more dependent
on the family and the other social factors. For this reason it must be able to help,
support and develop them to be able to live by themselves, because the human is the
most essential capital economic for the sustain development. (Teanchai Keeranant4
1991: 12) Because a human who acts and receives the effect of the development, the
capable and intelligence human is the most essential factors to social development.
Such as the aging development, that has tend to income more problems. Otherwise
this may effected the abandoning the aging development and of retard the national
development for this reason. .
The aging problem just action not make touble for the aging, the increase of
the amount and proportion of the aging bring to change,the age structure and effect to
national development" it makes complexity to economy, social, cultural, technology,
region, and political. (Sharma, 1991 cited by Chaweewan Jantarat, 1997 2; Watinee
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Introduction / 4
Boonchalaksee & Yupin Worasiriamorn, nd.: 332) It may makes the nation
disadvantage in economy base because the increase of an agrng population. The aging
does less work and prone to sickness because of the degenerate of the body. Thus the
government must contribute more budget to manage the aging health care welfare.
If the society hasn't interest in aging problem, it will be affected to the
national socio-economic development because the aging trend is in increasing both
the numerous and proportion added more trouble. Abandoned of agrng potential
development affected to more aging dependent and a retard the national development
in the futtre.
Phitsanulok Provincial Health Office (1999:1) sr:rvey reveals that the whole
population are amount 620,791. There was amount 55,655 (8.98 %) of aging, amount
244,010 (39.31%) of children and youths (under 24), and amount 321,126 (51.13%) of
25-29 ages. That is a aging status if calculated by aged - child ratio (amor.rnt 39.38%)
(Teanchai keeranant4 1985: 135), and amount 8,815 older, 1,984 orphans, 3,859
widows and 3,603 deforms must be helped. @hisanulok Provincial Social Welfare
Office,25aA: l)
Phitsanulok Provincial Social Welfare Office was surveyed to seek the
target to give helped reveal that there were amount 51,919 of older, and found the
older who were not looked after by the family amount 7,834 (15.08%), these aren't
added with the amount of an aging who are poor. Addition found that there were
amount 23,791 of the children whose were not living with their parents. So from
several researches found that the migration labors in the rural areas often abandon
their children to duties of the older. According this base summary may mean that the
older in Phisanulok Province has trend to more touble, and nowadays the national
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Fac. of Grad. Studies. MahidolUniv. M.Ed. @opulation Education) / 5
economy is declining. So the aging development by their family and govemment or
non-government organization may be more trouble because the low budget in the
future.
For efficiency to develop the aging for good quality of life, it must have the
sympathy from an agrng, their family and commune Organization. Because of the
Tambon Administrative Organization is a local govemment that provide to manage the
local development, that Ministry of interior establish by de-centralize concep! and
because the members of Tambon Administrative Organizatron are closely to the
people in areas, and were elected by the people in community, so they will have more
perception to solve trouble and needed of people. As the law was provide to a juristic
organizatio& t\us the Tambon Administative Organization will have the authorities
and the freedom to works, and have income to manage their local development
project, and additionally having a local officer for consults. Thus in the future Tambon
Adminisfrative Organization had better to role and expected in social development,
and until June 2000, the Minis0ry of lnterior had already raised amount of 6,745
Tambon Council to Tarnbon Administrative Organization, and there are remain 214
Tambon Council to raise coverage in the futtre. @eparfinent of Provincial
Administation, 2544: l)
Tambon Administrative Organiz-ation have several roles in law to raise
people's qualrty of life in whole economy, soiial and political sectors, but the concept
of development in social and economy plan was to expect to develop in capital
economic sector especially. In addition with the current of consumerism that spread
with the globalization, makes the development in the past to emphasize an develop
infra-structure for support economic sector, thus Thai people were implanted to
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Introduction / 6
practice by this concept along time. Thus as the practice of the Tambon council or the
Tambon Administrative Organization in the past always emphasize how to plan infra
structure and construct a stee! public utility, as not often found the activity for the
poor and disadvantage development. (Luecha Wanaratna, nd. cited by Bureau of
Health Policy and Planning, Ministry of Public Health, 1996,20-21; Sompan Dhecha-
atik, et al., nd.: 5; Trakul Meechai, 1997:3)
The aging development is the role of the several organizations in directly or
indirectly, such as the Bureau of Social Welfare has role to make the aging welfare
such as support the money to survive the aging, give the house or the place for the
aged to live. Health Ministry has a role to look after the health aged. Thus it is not
unity to solve and develop the agng, and in the next future the government must
decennalize and transfer this role to be the Tambon Adminisfiative Organization role.
Thus it should study a concept to develop aging community of Tambon Administrafive
Organization, because if the members of Tanrbon Adminisfrative Organization don't
consider to aging developmen! the aging fouble may be retarded to the national
development in the futue.
For these reason the researcher interests to study the level and the factors
that related to the intention of promotion and developing the aging of the members of
Tambon Administrative organtzaton. For the relevant organization apply the result of
research to activate the members have more interest and intention to develop and
support the aging, as for the qualrty of life of the aging and the furthermore
effectiveness to the national development.
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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 7
2. Objectives of research
L Study the level of intention to promote and develop the aging of the
member of Tambon Administrative organization in Phisanulok province.
2. Study the factors that relevant to the intention to promote and develop
aging of the member of Tambon Administrative Organization in Phisanulok province.
3. Research questions
1. How the level of intention to promote and develop aging of the member
of Tambon Administrative Organrzation in Phisanulok Province.
2. How the relationship as the independent variable as age, sex, educated
level, occupation, income, status, the period time in stafus, role perception,
information perception, practiced and educated in religion, suggested to promote and
develop aging, experience in promote and develop the aging, expected to developed
and supported of the aging and attitude to the intention to promote and develop agtng
of the member of Tambon Administrative Organization.
4. Hypothesis
This research was reference on the relevant concept, theory and research to
set research assumption, for test the result that how relate to assumption as:
l. Attitude related on positive direction with the intention to promote and
develop aging.
2. Age related on positive direction with the intention to promote and
develop aging.
3. The female has more intention of aging promoting and developing than
male.
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4. The members of Tambon Administrative Organization who educated over
o than the primary school intent to develop the aging more than the member who
educated in primary school.
5. The members of Tambon Administrative Organization who occupied in
agriculturist intents to promote and develop aging more than the other occupation.
6. The members of Tambon Administative Organization's income related
on positive direction with the intention to promote and develop aging.
7. The members of Tambon Administrative Organization committee intent
to develop the aging more than the members of Tambon Administrative Organization
a council.
8. The period of time on status of the member of Tarrbon Adminisfiative
Organization related on positive direction with the intention to promote and develop
aging in community.
9. Role perception related on positive direction with the intention to
promote and develop aging in community.
10. Information perception related on positive direction with the intention to
I promote and develop agrng in community.
I l.The education and practices in religion related on positive direction with
the intention to promote and develop a$ng in community.
12. The suggestion to promote and develop aging related on positive
direction with the intention to promote and develop aging in community.
13. The experience to promote and develop aging related on positive
a direction with the intention to promote and develop agrng in commurity.
Copyright by Mahidol University
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Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 9
14. The aging expected perception related on positive direction with the
intention to promote and develop aging in community.
5. Scope ofthe research
1. The research studies the intention to promote and develop the aging of the
member of Tambon Administrative organi zation in phisanulok province.
2. The sample of research is the members of Tambon Administrative
Or garuzafion in Phisanulok province.
3. The variables in this research are
3.1 independent variable are d1e, sex, educated level, occupation,
income, stafus, the period time in stafus, role perception, information perception,
practiced and educated in religion, suggested to promote and develop aging,
experience in promote and develop the agrng, expected perception to developed and
supported of the aging and attitude to the intention to promote and develop aging.
3.2 dependent variable is intention to promote and develop the aging.
6. Operation definitions
Intention to promote and develop the aging is meaning to the mind, the
thought that reveals to intent to promote and develop the agrng in community of the
member of Tambon Administrative organi zationin phisanulok province.
Aging is meaning to the person who is over than 60 years.
Tarnbon Administrative Organization is meaning to the organization that
provide by the organic law on Tambon council and Tambon Administuative
Organization. (1994)
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The members of Tambon Administrative organization is meaning to the
member of Tambon Administrative organization, the members of Administrative
board, and the chair of Administrative Board.
Occupation is meaning to the occupation that made basis income to the
member of Tambon Administrative Organi zation.
Income is meaning to the amount of all income that get from basis
occupation, extra occupation and added income of the member of Tambon
Administrative Organization.
Status is meaning to the status in Tambon Adminisrative Organization, in
this research divided to 2 groups uu groups of Administrative Board and groups of the
member of rambon Administrative organization council.
Period of Time in status is meaning to the period of time in status of a
member of Tambon Administative Organization.
. Education level is meaning to the highest education of the member of
Tambon Administative Organization.
Attitude to promote and develop aging goup is meaning to the reveal of
thinking and believed in promote and develop aging goup of a member of Tambon
Administrative Organization.
Role perception is meaning to the perception in promote and develop agng
role of a member of Tambon Adminishative organization.
lnformation perception mean to the perception in aging information of a
member of Tambon Administrative Organization, as infonnation of aglng trouble,
information of promoting and developing aging, the information can receive from a
mass as television, radio, newspaper, a book and general human.
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The educated and practiced in religion mean to the habitual behavior that
revealed in educated and practiced in religion as reading in philosophy of religion or
practice in activity of religion.
The suggestion to promote and develop aging mean suggesting from other
people to promote and develop aging.
The experience to promote and develop aglng mean to experience to
promote and develop aging.
The role expectation to promote and develop from aging mean to the
awureness in promotion and development expectation from the aging.
7. Benefit of research
1. To know new body of knowledge in the intention level to promote and
develop aging of the members of Tambon Administrative Organization in Phitsanulok
province.
2. To know the factors that relate to the intention to promote and develop
aglng of the members of Tambon Administative Organization in Phisanulok.
3. To know the factors those have trouble to promote and develop aging of
members of Tambon Administative Organization.
4. The research iesult can.apply to implant the member of Tarnbon
Administative Organization other Organizations intent to promote and develop the
other population.
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin
8. The conceptual framework
Independent variables
1. Age
2. Sex
3. Education level
4. Occupation
5. Income
6. Status
7. Period time in status
8. Atritude
9. Role perception
I 0. Information perception
I l. Educated and practiced in
religion
12. Suggestion to promote and
develop aging.
13. Experience to promote and
develop aging.
14. The aging expectation
perception
Introduction / 12
Dependent variables
Intention to promote and
develop the aging.
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. Figure 1 Conceptual framework
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CHAPTER II
LITERATT]RE REVIEW
The research intends to promote and develop the elderly through a case study
of the members of Tambon Administrative Organization in Phitsanulok Province. The
researcher has studied and collected the relevant theory, including relevant research to
comply with the study guidelines as follows:
1. Definitions, concepts and theories.
1.1 Definition and concepts of intention.
L.2 Atheory of reason action.
1.3 The multiple factors theory of decision making and society action
1.4 The concept of the religion and elderly development.
1.5 The body of knowledge of the elderly.
2. The knowledge and concep about Tambon Adminisrative Organization.
3. The significance of variables and relevant research.
1. De{initions and concepts related to intention in elderly development
1.1 Delinition and conceptual of intention.
The National Dictionary defines oointention" as paying attention to something.
According to Payorm Ingkatanuwat (1982 cited by Pharintorn Nimchieng,
1999: 15) ; intention is a concentration on explicit goals of pleasure.
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According to Nuallaor Supapol (1984: r88); intention is the aim at
understanding in people's personalities rather than seeking the past. It is the person's
attention to create a desirable future.
According to Webster (1968 cited by Nongluck Chaetpukdeejit, 1998: 49);
intention is the outward manifestation of people's thought, feeling and spirit that
involves sustained and explicit goals.
The certain direction of the mind to a destination is a certain want to intend a
special thing from appropriate convention.
The intention of anything is the last goal or ultimate goal of the people.
According to Ajzen & Fishbein (1980 cited by Nongluck Chaetpukdeejit,
1998: 49), intention is nearly the behavior, the behavior was controlled by the intention,
measuring must consider harmony among the intention, behavior and sustained of
intention.
According to Ajzen & Fishbein (1985: 11 - 39); intention to action is a
thougbt in the person's mind, making decision for behavior.
The definitions and concepts of intention conclude that, the intention is a
person thought to choose or act out a behavior, so that intention in elderly development
of the community means the thought of the Tambon Administrative Organization's
members to develop and promote the elderly.
1.2 Atheory of reason action.
The theory of reason action is used to study about human behaviors,
a involving behavioral intention, According to this theory, the assumption is that human
behaviors depends upon perfonnance intention by using rationale and information. The
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man will consider the outputs of that performance before decide to do or not. The
considerations of a behavioral intention measurement are:
1. The same direction of 4 specific behaviors; the action goal, context and
time.
2. Stability of intention, an intention can be changed all the time, if the
measure uses a long time. it chance to interfere with the event. It may varS' and
decreases accuracy to predict intention, so the time that measures the intention and
behavior should be continuously and take the least.
lntention in action depends upon 2 components as follow:
1. Attitude toward the behavioral is the component involving behavioral
belief assessment.
2. Subject nonn about action.
According to the theory action, the influence of two behavioral actions
depends on the difference of individual, Ajzen & Fishbein (1980: 8-9) called them
extemal variables. These variables generally fall in 3 categories as follows:
1. Personality characteristics ofeach person.
2. Demographic variables such as sex, age,race, society class.
3. Other components such as society role, socialization, intelligence, and
kinship pattern
From the theory of reason action, it can be concluded that, how the person
behaves, depends on attitudes toward the behavior. Subject nonns influence the person
tends in their groups and the factors such as sex, age, society class, society role,
socialization and intelligence. The intention in the elderly development of the Tambon
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Administrative Organization depends on these factors and becomes to important issue
for the research.
Liska (1984: 6l-74) stated socio-physiological factors adjusted the behavioral
predicted form by the theory of reason, in addition to the variables in the theory of
reason. The variables to predict the behavior, as biological and sociological variables
and individual personality, status of economic and society, and totality with other
environments. The attitude and subject norm not only passes the intention to behave, it
directly affects behavior, and the exterior factors effectively predict behavior by the
attitude and subjective norns, the totality passes the'intention to behave.
Liska's behavioral prediction form indicate that the interior variables related
to intention of behavior are the attitudes to behavior, as in this research meaning the
anitude to promote and develop the elderly. The subjective nonn in this research means
percepions in subjective nonn from the related gloups, perceptions to promote and
develop elderly roles and the agteement to persuade promoting and developing the
elderly. The other external variables are related to intention to behave too, such as
characteristics of the individual, society and economic su*tus, environmental, sex, age,
class and status in societY.
1.3 The multiple factors theory of decision making and society action
The multiple factor theory of decision making and society action, the socio-
physiological theory of William W. Reeder (1971 cited by Chaweewan Jantarat 1998:
4g-Sl), the principle of reason in decision making of the person puts together several
factors, such as "the group of believes and disbelieves" or "reasonable to decision
making". He explained the person's decision making not only depends on 1 factor but is
put together with the several factors to support decision making, and each decision
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making mav be changed by each person in each contexl the group of reasons can be put
together as pull, push and able factors:
Pull factors
1. A Goal is activitr'. subjective, characteristics believed knowledge or
desirable being of a person, the researcher reduces attitudes to goals, as the elderll'
development.
2. A Belief Orientation is the perception or understanding of each a
person or a group to something; the researcher reduces to elderly information
perception.
3. A Value is the belief that the thing must be, the thing as the human
perception that the mind sustains, attitudes, beliefs, characteristics of the job, being a
condition that the actor believes the behavior is able accept and will be accepted by
society.
4. Habits and Customs are the behavior models that the society as
assigned traditions or as norm, that cannot be violated, as they are not accepted by
sociery.
Push factors
5. Fscpectatiorz is human perception that a person, goups or the society
wants them to believe, think or act.
6. Commitment is the thing that the actor believes; he must act for
harmony with the context, because he has a commifinent. In this term the researcher
determines if the member of Tambon Administrative Organization has commitment to
develop and support the elderly, and apply the perception in elderly development role.
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7. Force is a human belief that he was forced to decide or forced to act
by other persons or groups. The researcher applies this as the suggestion to develop and
support the elderly.
Able factors
8. Opportunity is the situation, a limit or the chance for the actor to
select. Opportunity influences to human decisions and acts the actor always makes
decisions for society acts under the opportunity of the situation.
9. Ability is the perception of ability to do something, the actor must
making the decision to act, if the actor perceives that he has absolute ability to act, in
general the actor must consider to the ability to act before behaving.
I0. Support is support or dispute from others, and the actor must select
these supports or disputes.
These theories, the researcher has applied as the members of the Tambon
Administation Organization must have intent and decision making on the group of
factors, Such as attitudes to promote and develop the elderly, perceptions in elderly
information, experience to promote and develop the elderly (tradition), perceptions in
elderly expectations, perceptions in role (commitnent) and suggestion to promote and
develop the elderly (forced).
1.4 Religious concepts and elderly development.
The community cultwal institution (Karnjana Kawthep, 1995: 18-19; 164-
169) proposes to lead the religious philosophy for society development, because
religion phitosophy is a human spirituat dimension; it emphasizes developing humans
more than developing quantitative subjects. The philosophy of the cultural cornmnnity
is introduced to change new philosophy development to develop "adequate consumers
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and adequate life" to raise the human spiritual to help and favor all together. to
construct the moral strength in the community, and keep up the communit-v culture.
Because development that emphasizes an only economic dimension will raise both life
conditions and human avarice.
Religion is a society thought or a kind of ideology. Religious ideology can
support the strengthening of the civil society and the strengthening development,
because of the Tripitaka principle; the teaching of the Buddha consisting of the power
of morals, concentration and intellect. That is not the power of command and
enforcement, but it reduces the power of avarice, anger and partiality. As in individual
behavior, it emphasizes helping oneself, using the intellect to reflect on the believable
by the principles of Kalamasut" Yomanasikarn and the principle of relationship to the
human by the six direction principles especially principle of Kalayanamit. Education
and practices in religion must make the human profound, understand religious ideology
and make them aware, kind and intent to help the society, the poor and the elderly.
Santikaro Piku, Pra Suteerayan, Pra Sripariyatmoli, et al., (1999: 183-208)
implied that the religious ideology in society that would make belief in the society
construction, and affect to daily human practices. The religious ideology all together
means to the imagination, worldviews, values and norms that refer to goodness
standards, the graceful and the real, and the goal of the life. Those all make the people
not involved with the power of subjectivism, and not involved wittt the power of anger.
That makes the people to practice the middle way, by the principle of morals,
concentration and intellect, and makes friendship to all.the people in the community.
Thus it's possible to use the principle of retigion be a based of development of the
Tambon Administrative Organization, which makes the members of the Tambon
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Administrative Organization syrnpathetic and increases human development than
economic.
For this reason the researcher will use the factor of education and practices in
religious ideology to study in the research "intention to promote and develop the aging
of the members of Tambon Administrative Oiganization".
1.5 Body of knowledge of the a$ng
1.5.1 Definition of the aging
The aging (elderly) in general meaning is a person over 60 years old,
following the world standard measurement from the committee of the World Assembly
Meeting under the title "the elderly" @arrow & Smith, 1979 cited by Saowapa
Pornsiripong, 1991: 9; Bunlu Siripanich, 1983: 42). Thailand also points out that the
aging is a person whose age is 60 years or older.
1.5.2 Problems and the effects of aging trouble
Economic and society development has made the growth of health and
medical technology. The effect of decreasing mortality is an increasing in the
population's average age, and decrease fetility. This makes an increasing in the number
and proportion of the elderly throughout the world nowadays. The United Nations
(Kusol Suntorntada, nd.: 8-9) predicted that the Thai elderly population would increase
from 4.6% in 1960 to 9.2%o in 1980, and expected to increase 103% (6.7 million) in
2000 and 13.4% (13.4 million) in 2006 and 2016 in sequence. (Ministry of Public
Health and Ktronkhan University, 2000: 99-100; Human Resource Planning Division,
National Economic & Society Development Board, 1995 cited by Institute of aging
Medicine, Deparrnent of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, 1998: 1)
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The aging are the less forrunate people in society. because of 2 factors. The
first is the direct or the personal effect such as being maltreated, injured, or deformed
that occurs by the degeneration of the body. The second is the structural effect that
means the gap between the potential and the actual achievement of the human that
makes the human unable to develop to their highest potential, it happens when the
society, economic and political structures close the opportunity to develop the full
potentiality. Development that emphasizes the economic, abandon human and society
development; some people such as the elderly cannot achieve their potential and
become poor (GaltinB, nd. cited by Chaiwat Sata-ananta, 1988: 19-31). These 2 factors
added, the elderly must be the most unfortunate people, as in the assignment on the 8t
economic and society plan; as follows:
Development uses the modem discourse meanings, that it is the new
colonialism procedure of the western countries to dominate the undeveloped country by
making the thoughts and the knowledge of the people aware of the new economic, and
pulling the agriculturist labor from the rural to the urban areas, and making the political
force to occupy the hunran resources and pushing the marketing system (Chairat
Charearnsinoran, 2000: 7). Those all have affected society, ttre cultural changes rapidly
in the third world, especially with the agriculturist. Because of the lessening of the
potential of the people, there are poorer but with less chance, thus the rural people will
be pushed to the margin of society.
The changing of society and economic contexts relates to the population
construct change. The development that makes the structural changes will make the
people who live far from the center or "the marginal groups'o have no opportunity to
develop, because of the inequality of development and inequality income distribution
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between rural and urban areas. The elderly that are more handicapped must be more
affected by the addition of structural changes. The elderly may be unfornrnate in
society, and become poor and dependent.
The aging is the last" age of the human. The condition of aging body
degenerates all the time. The theory of biological factors such as the Immunological
Theory and the Wear and Tear Theory explains that the cells and the immune system of
the elderly are degenerating all the time (Ebersol 1981 cited by Chaweewan Chantarat,
1997: 40). Dealing with health problems, the elderly have more severe sickness than
other age groups and can't work hard. Moreover, retirement reduce income for living.
Many problems of the elderly are about the health and finance (Bunlu Siripanich, 1990:
433 - 434). Suchada Kiranwr (1985 cited by Watinee Boonchalucksee & Yupin
Worasiramom" 1997:348) found that Thailand the number of the poor elderly increased
from 855,400 in 1990 to 1,214,700 in 2000 and the number will increaseto 2,473,400 in
2020. So the elderly have to work to earn income for themselves and their family.
Weerasit Sittatai & Yothin Sawangdee (1987: 12) snrdied the elderly's opinions and
concluded that the economic pressures and increasing population cause everyone to
work hard for their earnings to suffrcient to support their falnilies. It's the reason why
the aging population has to work. If the agmg population can't work, it is necessary to
receive the help for living.
' According to the society and economic conditions nowadays, the family can
effectively bring up to the elderly less than the past, the elderly status in the family has
changed, as the society changed rapidly, the elderly will lose their importance rapidly
too. Doty (1966 cited by Malinee Wongsit & Siriwon Siriboon, 1995:44) found that the
society changes make the elderly less important because of changing to western patterns
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b1'the younger generation. Before the female had duties to care for the elderly in the
a past but must work outside the home more and more, which make less care for the
elderly. The changes of family structure increase of the aging population whose live in a
nucleus family, because of the decrease of the extended family (Pattama
Amornsirisomboon, 1993: a5). By these reasons the elderly may be abandoned by their
families and lonely, because the elderly will lose their friends or spouse decreased their
roles by retirement which may cause trouble to the elderly.
Psychological studies find that the elderly, who are not sick in body and
mind, and able to adapt themselves along with the environment, will degenerate in
intelligence or not change. The same as the elderly whose are able to learn with the
younger, but takes more time. While the elderly must learn because they lose their
memory, the elderly must have the opportunity to learn in all the time.
Considering the development project by the attitudes of the elderly finds that
there don't directly develop the elderly, it emphasizes to the other population groups,
such as the projects to develop occupations for labor, and projects to develop activities
for the Yomg, etc. Also the development procedure does not have the structure to
support the elderly to participate, although the elderly want to have role and participate
with the development procedure, or consult or join with the project.
The activity theory implies that, society activity is essential to all groups of
people especially the elderly, making them appreciated themselves and acknowledged
by the society, and able to act in society activities. So the society should change a
pattern for the elderly to do activities equal to others. The theory advises maintaining
appropriate activities for the aging, such as the activity that uses intelligence more than
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physical power. supports the elderly groups in collecting, and supports the hobbies, that
will make the elderly have a good condition in body, mind and society.
According to the society and economic contexts, the elderly may have a low
quahty of life, the elderly trouble may be an obstacle to develop the country. The family
and society ought to more emphasize about the elderly trouble, because the elderly have
been useful to the society for a long time, and they still have potential. Only helping
themselves may be indirect and an equal helps to the society, so that the family and
society ought to bring up and support the elderly equally.
According to the elderly trouble that trend to decreasing, if we aren't aware
how to solve it, the elderly may be encounter poor condition and have a low quality of
life. Because they're limited on themselves, and the weak families institute. The elderly
will be dependent to the society, trouble to the national socio -economic development.
So the elderly developments are essential to the growth in society and economic of the
counfiy and sustain. The same as concepts of the neo economist which believe that the
human resource is the physical capital, so it must invests in human resource
development for product efficiency added.
According to the elderly trouble and the related theories, conclusion that the
elderly development must be duties all of them and families and the society. To bring
up the elderly, it ought to harmony with trouble conditions, such as the four basic
minimum needed, bring up in their health, supports in mind and society welfare, and
support to act and appreciated from their families and society.
1.5.3 Guidelines to develop agrng.
To develop human potential must develop them to full potential, all the body,
mind, intelligence and practice for bee the human who has a moral, good health and
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participated with the economic and society' development by efficiency, all about
C conscious and role to maintenance in environment and a nice culture.
The National Economic and Society Development Issue 8 pointed out the
strategies and guidelines about the poor elderly development as follows:
l. Set up welfare, increase free remedy service including decreases fares for
every transportation vehicles and public services in appropriate condition not only in the
urban. but also the rural.
2. Support a value of the elderly, gives information about correct
knowledge in take care the elderly.
3. Support the individual hospitals or health centers, individual
Organizations, religion Organizations and communities act as the roles in helping the
elderly. Set up laws, control business operated their services by suitable standard.
4. Support the major Organizations have responsibilities of the elderly,
planning, collecting data and corporate in network system for users.
The government sets up the policies and standardizes the elderly development
in long term plans as follows:
Public Health procedure
l. Establish the elderly clinics in hospitals and introduce the individual
hospitals give participation.
2. Plan the public health service 'systems
corporate by government and
individual especially involving the health.
3. Give information about method of take care the elderlv.
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Education procedure
l. Give information about preparation, cwing and preventing from illness
including the good roles and duties of the elderly.
2. Train the elderly about participation in family.
3. Create activities for the elderly participation in the temples, schools and
public places.
4. Prepare the staff, that exBert in take care to the elderly.
5. Create religion activities.
6. Create activities for the elderly in their abilities.
7. Accept the elderly as "consultant" in useful project.
Earning and working procedure
l. Establish associations about supporting the elderly that's not enough
income.
2. Set up the appropriate roles and duties for the elderly.
3. Focus attitude about responsibility of the elderly to the society.
4. Reduce tar<es for the elderly that has low income.
5. Group the elderly for working.
6. Establish agricultural co-operative helping the elderly about investment.
7. Orgtnizsindividual Oryantzations for watching over the elderly rights.
Cultural and society procedure
1. Recover culture and tradition conceming the elderly and parents' respect
by mixing in the tradition such as The Mother's Day, Songkran day etc.
2, Create activities about annotrncement the fame of the elderly.
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Establish activities for recreation of the elderh'.
Establish activities for the elderlt, discussion about art. culture and
tradition.
6. Religion Organizations hold on Sermon in order to reduce the strain and
worry of the elderly.
2. Body of knowledge about Tambon Administrative Organization.
2.1 Historical of Tambon Administrative Organization
Tambon Administrative Organization has first organized in 1957. Accofding
to the concept that people should have their right in local government, the national
govemment has announced the Tambon Administrative Act in 1956. But the operations
of Tambon Administrative'Organization have many problems. So, the operations have
given up by the revolution council announcement, number 326. Until in 1994, the
current of decentalization, the government again zlnnounce Tambon Council Act and
Tambon Administative Organization and start controlling on 2 March 1995, by raise
the Tambon council that enough on income to the Tambon Administrative
Organization.
2.2 Concepts and Philosophy of Tambon Administrative Organization
Tambon Administative Organization is local government in decentralizanon
forms of politics and administration (Satit Yasaka,1997: 16). The.concept implies that
local people set up election for adminishator. Tambon Administrative Organization acts
as juristic entity and set the laws and plans project for self-development.
Ultimate goals of Tambon Administrative Organization establishment are the
people understand about self govemment, monitor and evaluate their works and support
participation in problems identifications and solving by appropriate situations -
4.
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economic, society and culture (Usa Baiyok, cited by Satit Yasaka. 1997: l8). Three
missions of Tambon Administrative Organization are supporting the people
participation in self-government, fundamental public services and developing local
economic and society (Damrong Rajanuparb Institute, Ministry of lnterior, 1996:56).
The act of plan set up and step to the decentralization to the local government
in 7999 section 32; assign to the decennalization committee set up the operation plan to
transfer the duty to the local government, as pass the resolution of the cabinet on 27
November 2001. So that the locals organize will has roles to develop the society by
more support in quallty of tife development, the law'fuas limit as follows;
1. The Ministry of Social Welfare must transfers the support money for
elderly to be a duty of municipality, Pataya local govemment, Tambon Administrative
Organization, Provincial Administrative Organization, and Bangkok Local Government
in 2000. That assign the local government duty to consider and select the new elderly to
supported the money for survive, making the other procedure, withdraw and pay the
money for the elderly on the criteria of the assign by the Minisu.y of Social Welfare.
2. In 2002 the local governments will have authority to manage the
standardize activrty that the elderly wanted in the elderly service center.
3. The Ministry of Public Health has assigned to set up the committee of local
health that authorize to consider fansfer duties to the ready local government to do,
such as health promotions, disease protections, addition to the teatnent or condition
recovery.
4. The other Ministry, the duty that will transfer not related to the elderly
directly, but the Tambon Administrative Organization can apply for develop the elderly,
such as support the occupation, or education development, Etc.
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2.3 Tambon Administrative organization classification
The act assigned to raise Tambon council to be Tambon Administrative
Organization by the Tambon council must has average income in the last 3 years unless
i50,000 per year, each Tambon Administrative Organization has a differ potential to
procure their income, so it can category them to 5 level. ln this criteria affected to the
Tambon Administrative Organizntion that lactated in the developed area have more
budgets to develop their Tambon than the Tambon Administrative Organization that
located in under develop area. @etails in table l)
Table I Tambon Administrative organization classifi cation
Level Income criterion @aht)
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5
over than 20 million
12-20 million
6 - 12 million
3 - 6 million
less than 3 million
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2.4 Personnel Structure
The temporary act of Tambon council and Tambon Administative
Organization assign to classiff the personnel of Tambon Administrative Organization in
to three categories. The first one is member by position such as chief of villageo doctors
of Tambon. The second is members who have been elected in each village, and the
other is local officer. But the constitution in 1997 section 285 part 2 was provide that
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Organization was complete an occasion, all of the members of Tambon Administrative
Organrzation rvill be come from the election.
Forms of Tambon Administrative Organization are the same as Democratic
Governance. As the once is the administration and the once is legislation, by the
administrative committee must be come from the indirect election, as erected by the
member of Tambon Administrative Organization. The committee put together with a
chair of committee, 2 members and a secretary of committee that duties to the deputy of
Ta:nbon Administrative Organization. In the same time the council of Tambon
Administrative Organization will elect a chair of council, a chair assistant and a
secretary ofthe council.
2.5 Roles and Duties
Tarnbon Administalive Organization have authority to develop community
(Tambon), eliminates a difficulty in people's daily life and take with them their
happiness and society order including economical society and cultural views.
Under the laws, Tambon Administrative Organization has duties in section 67
as follows:
1. Maintenance the areas including land and water.
2. Keep pathways cleaning such as the roads, water ways, walking streets,
public areas and also eliminate wastes and garbage.
3. Preventing disease, dangers incident.
4. Prevent and reduce dangers incident.
5. Support education, religion and culture
6. Support development of the women, children and aging.
7. Preserve natural resource and environment.
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8. Operate the task following the assignment from govemment.
The Administrative committee has role to plan and accept to manage the
developed project by the conclusion of the council of Tambon Administrative
Organization. By this can be inferred that every member of Tambon Administrative
Organization has participated in administration and developing their communities.
(Deparunent of Tambon Office, 1997:24)
2.6Income
Tambon Administrative Organization earns income from t?xes, fee of
regisuation fines and fund supported by government. In 2001, the Act increasing
allocates budget for Tarnbon Adminisfiative. So that Tarnbon Administrative should be
much efficiency in society operation and development.
In the same time, the act of plan and step to the decentralization to the local
government in 1999 section 30 part 4 assigned that the Tambon Administrative
Organization eanrs income from tar, fee to be harmony and appropriates with the roles
and duties of the local government. So it will have several taxes such as a building and
the land tor, signboard ta<, Gamble tax, etc.
The act provided that, in 2001 Tambon Adminishative Organzatron must has
income over 20 % of national budget, and in 2004 Tambon Administrative Organization
will provided budget not less 35 To of national. Thus the addition of Tambon
Administrative Organization income must be in appropriate time, and must be
consideration on the equal and their income.
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3. The significance of variables and relevant researches.
According to the knowledge of Tambon Administrative Organization and
related concepts and theories, can conclude that the intention in behavior is the relation
of three factors cited by a Theory of Reason Actions. Three components are factors in
thinking behavior, factors depend on reference goup and factors in demographic and
other environmental factors. Theoretical variables can be arranged as follows:
1. The attitude in the agrng promote and development
The theory of reason action pointed out that the behavioral thought effects to
intention of people's behavior. If the persons believe that actions' result has goodness,
they will have positive thinking for these actions. On the other hand, if they believe that
actions result worse, they will have negative thinking for these actions.
The attitude to promote and develop the elderly can apply to this research that
if the members of Tambon Administrative Orgarization have a positive attitude to
promote and develop the aged, it makes the members more intention to develop the
aged too. So the researcher will uses this factor in this study.
2. Age
Same person in different age will have difference in perception of the same
thing, opinion, attitude and behavior caused by different needs. When the people grow
elder, they passed many experiences that cause they get maturity and leam much more
society conditions. Also make them to more responsibility to reflection the thing by
intellect. As Chuda Janpitak (1985: 84) implies that by the time men reach to moral,
they shall to complete the condition of age, because they can consider some trouble in
clearly, before that they passed the education, a training, and more practical. As the
studied the historical of the man who work in the unfortunate human, the most has more
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age or over than the younger, b1' the younger ought to some intent to develop the
elderly, but the lack of experience and the needed of secure family. Until the firm
family in more elder and can reflect the society in deep. Such the researcher has use this
factor in this research.
3. Sex
Sex is important factor effects to the thought and actions follow the role.
There are two standards of roles. Men are always in perspective of brave and leadership,
whereas women are in perspective of care, polite and mind. Also women has easy to
persrulde (Satit Niyomyat, 1981 cited by Ampol Pornaraksakul, 1996:37). Such as the
* society has assigned the duty to look after the member in family to the woman, so that
may be the woman has know and intend to solve the elderly trouble mom than the man.
Leucha Wanarat and the other (1996 cited by Bureau of Health Policy and Planning,,
Ministry of Public Health, 1996: 21) studied found that the female has though and
understand in the unfornrnate touble more than the men, but they has less participate to
making decision than the male. So that the researcher has bring this factor use in this
study.
4. Education
The education is importance to human knowledge, practice and intelligence
development, it makes the human to be the learning persons, so make new body of
knowledge to be society intellect, addition to practice the human to manage the
knowledge to make useful for the other. Paulo Feirer (nd. cited by Sakda
Prangpratanporn, 1996: 304-307) implied that the learning, writing and reading is
making the intellect and the moral consciousness and practice in later. The educationist
has introduce to implant the human moral though in education institution, by this reason
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that the difference level education has relate to the though, understanding and practice
I in somehow.
The law has not limited the level of education to the member of Tambon
Administrative Organization, so that the most has finish in primary and secondary
school. So that they have not confidence role to thinking, sause the less in knowledge
and less in duty and role perception (Department of Evaluation, the Bweau of the
Budget, 1997: 3; Department of Commission, Bureau of Senator Secretary, 1997: 37;
Jaras Suwanmala, nd cited by Bureau of Health Policy and Planning, Ministry of Public
Health, 1996: 191' Satit Yasak4 1998:37).
Thus as the researcher has deduct as a higbJevel education efFects people got
more occulsion in learning then receive more knowledge, information, rational thinking,
perception and awareness. And use this factor to be independence variable in this
research.
5. Occupation
Occupations relate to the people' thought in the several things, as cause the
people thought under activity in their occupation, because of socialization by whole in
their occupation groups. The same Mamist's concept that implied that while divided the
working it divide the class in society too, the people in the same class must act under a
practical pattem on their occupation, thus as the difference occupation human will has a
thought and a practical in differ.
The same as the institution of a cultural implied that the rural culttre is the
cultural of Buddhist agriculturist that nearly the nature, the being has kindly, a favor all
together. Also the rural people will have a more firm relationship than the people in
urban that emphasize to the consumerism and makes the alienation. As the capital
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culture will make the individual society, as make the compatible societ)'. So that the
researcher has bring this factor use in this studl'.
6.Income
Income is indicator of position or human class, and makes a difference
thought to the difier class. By Lukacs (1920 cited by Karnjana Kaewthep, 1984:35-39)
said that high society always has self-benefits involving, this make awareness in less
level for public. Whereas low society has problems in economic, so cause awareness
lacking, as the middle society is output of mixing by two classes, this probably that
middle class has the most awareness to the totality. The same as Chuda Janpitak (1985:
135) say that the same class should have the same pattem of attitude, believe and the
way of life. The concept can deduct, as the middle class will have intention to promote
and develop the elderly than the other class. So that the researcher has bring this factor
use in this study too.
7. Status
Department of Evaluation, the Bureau of the Budget (1997:3) found that the
members of Tambon Administrative committee would have more a duty in role than the
member of tambon Administrative Organization council. As Titaya Suwanachata (nd.
cited by Surakiet Titatan, 1990:26) compares the status with role as the two side of a
coin, the once is status that's the concentrate of a right and a role, as the once is the
practical on role. Gordon Alpord (nd. cited by Charoon Koonsong, 1997:16) said that
person in vary position would as role expectation by society. So that role performance
in each position related with person's role and authori?, *r caused people have role
perception by role expectation of other people and Organization.
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So that in this reseiuch, the researcher has deduct as if the member of Tambon
Administrative Organization has perceived and understand in role that prov.ided in the
law, they must have more intention to promote and develop the elderly. So the
researcher will use this factor in this studv.
8. Period in status
Period in status deals with person's experience including introduces learning,
role percepion and guidelines for actions following socialization. So that the period in
position wills has effected to the thought, the feeling and the intention to practice role in
status. As the Deparftnent of evaluation, the Bureari of the Budget (1997: 3) found that
who has the long period in status of the member of Tambon Administrative
Organization must more perception in role. Thus it can deduct as the period in status of
the member of Tambon Administative Organization is relate to the intention of
promoting and developing aging. So that the researcher has bring this factor use in this
study.
9. Role perception in the elderly development
The perception in role is the understood" an interpretation and qualification of
the individual that is the psychology process. The understood will make the human to
regulate, interpret and practical in difference. (Thepanom Muangman & Sawing Suwan,
1987 cited by Ampol Pomaraksakul,lgg6:41) so conclude as the role is relate to the
human stafus.
So that According to Tambon Administrative Organization Act 1995, can
conclude that Tambon Adminishative Organization has authority in developing the less
fortunate members in society. Also relate to the perception in elderly promotion role
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and effected to intention to promote and develop the elderly, thus as the researcher has
brought this factor to use in this studl'.
10. Information perception
The information perception makes the human has knowledge, and who has
more knowledge in which information, indicate that he has more interest in that story
too. And the information perception will make attitude to the human although the
human has not contacted the thing by directly. Also with Wuttichai Jamnong, 1980: 33)
say that the infonnation perception and the communication are essential to practice of
the human, because the human is a society human, essence to communicate to change
the knowledge, opinion and experience by together, not only that the information has
essence to make decision of human. According with Kamjana Kwarrthep (2530: lS-35)
say that the information perception will rise the people' education and be aware and
more intention to practice in that thing. Also to the studied of Duanpen Sangkanrk and
the other (1998: abstract) found that the member of Tambon Administrative
Organization has though and role to develop the children and their family relate to the
perception of child and family information. So that the researcher has deduct that the
member of Tarnbon Administrative Organization who have difference in elderly
information perception will have intention to promote and develop the elderly in differ
too. Thus the researcher has brought this factor to use in this study.
11. Religion education and practices
Region faith is the making of knowledge of the several things. These tain the
member in society to practice, communicate and understood in the same thing, by the
principle of region has educate the human to practice in the good behavioral, good
thought. The religion is a society thought faith effects people tbreat others as one would
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like to be treated oneself and non malevolence Religion is a kind of society thought that
make people can solve their problems.
Santikaro Piku & Pra Suteerayan & Pra Sripariyatmoli, et al (1999: lg3-20g)
implied to the religious ideology in society that would made belief to the society
consfirction, as effected to daily human practiced. The religious ideology all together
mean to the imagination, worldviews, values and norms, that refer to the goodness
standard, the graceful and the real, that the goal of the life. Those all make the people do
not involve with the power of the subjectivism, and don't involve the power of the
anger. That makes the people to practice in the middle way, by the principle of the
moral, concentration and intellection, and makes the friendship to all the people in
community. Thus as it's possible to use the principle of the religion to be the base
development of the Administrative Organization society, that make the person to be a
sym.pathy to more develop a human than develop economic.
12. Suggestion to promote and develop the aging
Communications with the persons or Organizations that always help the less
fortunate people, influence the person absorb attitude and awareness in the less
fortunate people. And more intent to promote and develop the less fortqnate, so that the
researcher has deduct ttrat the suggestion to promote and develop the elderly from the
other person and the Organizationshould be relate with the intention, and the researcher
will use this factor to study in this research.
13. Experiences in the agtng development
The human experience will make the person has more deep understand and
practical in the behavior. As the Tambon Administrative Organization task to develop
the elderly, so that if the members have experiences in these tasks, they would more
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understand in their roles. Then the researcher will use this factor to study in this
research.
14. Perception of aging expectation
The principle of Tambon Administrative Organization need the population
knoq'government and solve trouble by themselves, that take the opportunity to offer the
trouble and the solve it. So that the working management has depend on the expectation
of the people in Tambon. The same as the role theory that indicates that, the person will
act by expectation perception. So that when the member of Tambon Administrative
Organization had elected by the people, then the member will enthuse to act by the
expectation of the people in Tambon, who was elect the member of Tambon
Administrative Organization. This is similar with the result of research of Chetta
Mosikkarat (1996, 204-205) found that the member of Tambon Administrative
Organization would act by the offering of the people in are4 this for display in their
ability. But the most people need to the infrastructure, (Trakul Meechai, nd.: 4) that
matries the member of Tambon Administrative Organization must act on the people'
expectation. As build the street, elecnicity etc. (Luecha Wanaratna nd. cited by Bureau
of Health Policy and Planning, Ministry of Public Health 1996 20). The researcher has
deducted, as the members of Tambon Administrative Organization will act through the
perception of the elderly expectation. The researcher will use this factor to study in this
research.
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Table 2 Conclusion of independent variables from concept, theory and related
researches
Literature Review / 40
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Theories Variables
l.ATheoryofReasonAction 1. Attitude of activities conceming the
elderly development.
2. Role perception
3. Perception the elderly expectation.
4. Suggestion from other person and
Organizations.
5. Demographic factors such as sex,
racial, position and income
2. Liska's concept 1. Attitude of activities concerning the
elderly development
2. Suggestion from other person and
Organizations
3. Role perception
4. Sex
5. Age
3.Themultiplefactorstheoryof l. Attitude of activities concerning the
decision making and society action elderly development
2. Elderly information perception
3. Experience in elderly development
4. Perception the elderly expectation.
5. Role perception
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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) ,'41
Table 2 Conclusion of independent variables from concept, theory and related
researches (cont.)
Theories Variables
3. The multiple factors theory of decision 6. Age
making and society action (cont.) 7. Suggestion from other person and
4. Principle of religion
5. Jaras Suwanwela
6. Satit Yasaka
| 7. Luecha Suwannarat
. 9. Kosai Wonganantnon
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10. Orapin Sopchokchai
. 11. Chetta Mosikarat
8. Bureau of budgeting, Ministry of l. status in Organization
Interior
Organizations
1. the educated and practiced in region
1. education level
1. role perception
1. role perception
2. experience in elderly development
3. sex
2. period in status
3. role perception
1. Suggestion from other person and
Organizations
2. education level
1. Suggestion from-other person and
Organizations
1. Perception the elderly expectation.
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Chatchail,akarn SuknarinResearch Methodolo-e1' / 42
CHAPTER III
RESEARCII METHODOLOGY
This research proposes to study the intention and factors of aging
promoting and developing of the members of Tambon Administrative organization in
Phitsanulok province. The researcher has studied in a quantitative method" and
strengthens by the quality, for elucidated a phenomenon in steps as follows,
1. The quantitative research method.
1.1 population and sample
1.2 Sampling method
1.3 Researchinstrument
1.4 lnstrument test
1.5 Data collection
1.6 Dataprocessing and analysis
2. The qualitative research method
2.1 Studying area
2.2 Target Sample
2.3 Data collection
2.4 Data correcting and data analysis
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1. The quantitative research
M.Ed. (Population Education) / 43
t 1.1 Population and sample
The population were the members of Tambon Administrative Organization
in Phitsanulok province. The Department of Tambon Civil. Department of Provincial
Administration, Minister of the Interior, found that there are 90 Tambon
Administrative Organizations, and 1,924 members of Tambon Administrative
Organization in all 9 districts 962 villages in Phitsanulok Provincial.
To finding the sample size, the research made by a formula of Taro
Yamane (1973:725), ard allows to the error value at 5 percentage or .05;
: the sarnple size
: the population
= the error of sampling
The formula calculate to a appropriate sample size at 331, but for
prevention a mistake and coverage, the researcher will quest in 5 members in each
Tambon Administrative Organization, so it will be have 450 of samples. But in the
data correcting found that the data was corrected in 408 sample to analyze.
1.2 Sampling method
For feasibility, probability and coverage sample size on statistical method,
The reseaxcher collected in all 90 Tambon Administative Organizations by simple
random sampling and choose for 5 members in all Tambon Administrative
Organization, then cover the 450 members. But fourid that there are 408 corrected
dat4 to analyze. (Details in table 3)
NI +Ne2
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Table 3 Numbers of samples divided by district
Research Methodology / 44
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District
Tambon
Administrative
Organization
Target of
sample size
Sample
Collected
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1. Muang
2. Nakornthai
3. Charttrakarn
4. Bang-rakam
5. Bang- kratum
6. Phrompiram
7. Wal-bot
8. Wangtong
9. Neunmaprang
t9
11
6
1l
7
t2
6
11
7
95
55
30
55
35
60
30
55
35
88
46
29
48
JJ
54
26
52
32
Total
1.3 Research Instrument
The instruments that used collect datq the researcher made by documentary
reviewed the content in concepts, theories and related researches to make the
questionnaire. Correcting by the specialist, the construct of questionnaire has divided
to 9 part as follows;
Part 1 the questionnaires on socio- demographic characteristics of
members of Tambon Adminisfiative Organization combine with age, sex, educated,
occupation, income, status and period time in status. The questions are answer
45090 408
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checking and fill in blanli, these for conduct a data to explain the characteristic of
sample.
Part 2 the questionnaire that relate with attitude in aging trouble and
attitude to promote and deveiop the aging. the type of question are all positive and
negative direction. and can select in 5 levdl, the criteria is as follows:
I
Strongly agree
Agree
Unsure agree
Disagree
Positive content
score on 5
score on 4
score on 3
score on 2
Negative content
score on I
score on 2
score on 3
score on 4
score on 5Strongly disagree score on I
t
To divide the levels of attitude to promote and develop the aging, the
researcher use by the grouping method, as separate by use arithmetic mean (i) ana
standard deviation (S.D.) ay x XS.D. equation.
The result found that the mean 1x ; of tfre attitude to promote and develop
the aging is value at 90.20 and standard deviation (S.D.) value at 8.3, the level of
attitude to promote and develop the aging divide to 3 level as follows;
Low attitude (x<x-S.D) score lower than 82
Medium attitude (x -S.O<Xs? +S.O) score until 82 to 99
High attitude (x> x +S.O1 score over than 99
Part 3 the questionnaires that relate to perception role in promote and
develop agrng, the questions are interval scale in 2 criterions as follows;
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Agree msaning the statement is right score: I
Not agree meaning the statement is wrong score = 0
To divide a level of perception to promote and develop aging role, used the
grouping method, separate by use arithmetic mean 1x1 ana standard deviation (S.D.)
Ay VtS.D. equation.
The result found that the arithmetic mean 1x; of perception to promote and
develop aging role is value at l0 and standard deviation (S.D.) at 3.10. As divide the
Ievel of attitude to promote and develop the aging to 3 level as follow;
Low attitude (x<x-S.D) score lower than 5
Medium attitude (x-S.O<XSx+S.O) score until 6 to 9
High afiitude (x>x+S.D) score overthan l0
ParJ 4 is the questionnaire that quest to aging information perception, the
questionnaire is interval scale question, and can select in 3 levels criterion as follows:
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Often (over 4 time per month)
Sometime (1-3 time per month)
Never (per month)
score 3
score 2
score I
t
To divide the level of aging information perception, the researcher use the
grouping method, separate by use arithmetic mean (x) anA standard deviation (S.D.)
Uy xt S.D. equation.
The result found that the aging information perception has arithmetic mean
1i1 at 14.78 and standard deviation (S.D.) at 3.75. The level of aging information
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Fac. of Grad. Srudies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) /47
Lou'perception (x<x -S.D) score lower than I I
Medium perception 1x-S.D<XSx*S.O; score until l2 to lg
High perception (x> x +S.O; over than l g points
Part 5 the questionnaire that quest to measure the education and practices
in religious philosophy, the interval scale question in 3 level, the criteria as follows:
Often (over 3 times per month) score:3 points
Sometime (l-2 times per month) score = 2 points
Never (per month) score: 1 point
To divide the level of education and practices in religious philosophy by
the grouping method, separate by use arithmetic mean 1iy anO standard deviation
(S.D.) Ay itS.D. equation.
The result found that the education and practices in religious philosophy
has arithmetic mean value (x) at 15.04 and standard deviation (s.D.) at 3.10. which
divide the level of education and practices in religiously to 3 level as follows;
Low education and practices (*.x-s.o) scores lower than 12
Medium education and practices 1x-s.o<x<i+s.o) scores 12tol9
High education and practices (x> i+s.D) scores over than 19
Part 6 the questionnaire to measure the suggestion to promote and develop
the aging, the questionnaire is interval scale question, selected in 3 levels criteria as
follows:
Often (over 3 times per month) scores 3
Sometime (l-2 times per month) scores 2
Never score 1
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To divide the level of the suggestion to promote and develop the aging use
t the gxouping method. separate b1' use arithmetic mean 1 x ) and standard deviation
(S.D.) by x + S.D. equation.
The result found that the suggestion to promote and develop aging has
arithmetic mean (i1 ut24.71 and standard deviation (S.D.) at 5.98. And divide the
levels of suggestion to promote and develop aging to 3 level as follows;
Low suggestion (xcx -S.D) scores lower than 2l
Medium suggestion (x-S.O<Xsx+S.n; scores until2l to 37
High suggestion (x> i+S.O) scores over than 37
Part 7 the questionnaire measure the experience to promote and develop
aging, the questionnaire is interval scale question in 3 levels, the criterion as follow:
Often (over 4 times per year) scores 3
Sometime (l-3 times per year) scores 2
Never score I
To divide the level of experienced to promote and develop aging by the
grouping method, separate by use arithmetic mean 1x) ana standard deviation (S.D.)
Uy xt S.D. equation.
The result found that the experienced to promote and develop aging has
arithmetic mean 1x1 at24.18 and standard deviation (S.D.) at 6.01. And divide the
levels of experienced to promote and develop aglng to 3 levels as follows;
Low experienced lxci-S.n) scores lower than 20
Mediurn experiencea 1i-s.o<<<x+s.n; scores until20 to 37
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High experienced (x> t +S.D) scores over than 37
Part 8 the questionnaire measure to the perception in aging expectation to
promote and develop aging, the questionnaire is interval scale question in 3 level, the
criterion as follows;
I
To divide the level of the perception in aging expectation of promote and
develop aging by the gouping method, separate by arithmetic mean (x) ana standard
deviation (S.D.) by xt S.D. equation.
The result found that the perception in aging expectation of promote and
develop has arithmetic mean (i) at24.52 and standard deviation (S.D.) at 6.34. And
divide the level of the perception in aging expectation of promote and develop aging to
3 level as follows:
Low perception (x< x -S.D) scores lower than 1 7
Medium perception (x-S.O<X<i+S.O; scores until 18 to 33
High perception (x> x +S.n; scores over than 34
Part 9 the questionnaire meastue the intention to promote and develop
aging, the questionnaire is interval scale question in 5 level, the criterion as follows;
High perception
Medium perception
Low perception
Strongly agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
scores 3
scores 2
scores I
score 5
score 4
score 3
score 2
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Research Methodology / 50
Strong disagree score I
To divide the level of the intention of promote and develop aging use the
grouping method, separate by use arithmetic mean (x) anO standard deviation (S.D.)
b1' x+ S.D. equation.
The result found that the intention to promote and develop aging has
arithmetic mean (i) at 45.37 and standard deviation (S.D.) at 8.75. And divide the
level of the intention to promote and develop aging to 3 level as follows;
Low intention (x<x -S.D) scores lower than 36
Mediurr intention 1x-S.O<X<i+S.l) scores until 36 to 53
High intention (x>x+S.n) scores over than 54
6. Instrument test.
1. Checking and conecting the validity of instrument by the specialist in
succinct and content validity, and adjusted.
2. Checking the reliability of instrument, and take the complete instrument
to fy out with 35 likely populations which aren't the sample in this study, to seek
t quality by Cronbach's Coefficient alph4 that fix value not lower 0.7.
The result found the validity of instrument value as follow,
1.1 The reliability of the attitude to promote and develop agrng at0.7195
1.2 The reliability of the perception to promote and develop aglng role at
0.8433
1.3 The reliability of the perception to aging information at 0.762
I 1.4 The reliability of the educated and practiced in religious philosophy at
0.8t24
t
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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ.
1.5 The reliabiliq, of the
M.Ed. (Population Education) ' 5l
suggestion to promote and develop aging a1
* 0.7949
t
1.6 The reliability of the experienced to promote and develop aging at
0.7319
I .7 The reliability of the perception of expectation of aging at 0 .7 528
1.8 The reliability of the intention to promote and develop aging at 0.9238
3. Use this instrument to collect the data.
1..5. Data collection
The researcher collected data by the assistants that have explained in
objective of question in the questionnaire of the research to interview the sample in
Tambon Administrative Organization that indicated numbers of member already. The
assistants interview the sample directly. If the sample has a problem, doubtfully and
not clear in the question, they can repeat asking for clearly a question immediately,
that conducted the sample to reply question by conectly, then lead the questionnaire to
analyze in next steps.
1.6 Data processing and analysis
The data collected were processed and analyzed through microcomputer
SPSS/PC'(Statistical Package for the Social Science / Personal Computer Plus) which
formulated statically significant as p-value = 0.05. There were steps for canalization as
follows:
l. The personal data and the Tambon Administrative Organization data, as
age, sex, educated level, income, stafus, time period in stafus in the part 1, analyzeby
the statistic of percentage, mean and standard deviation.
t
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e
Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Research Methodology / 52
2. The data of the attitude to promote and develop the aging, the role
perception, the information perception, the educated and practiced in religious
philosophy, the suggestion to promote and develop the aging, the experience to
promote and develop the aging and the expected percepion in the pfrt2 - 8. Evaluate
the data into score then divided to 3 categories as high, middle and low by the
grouping method, then analyze by the statistic of percentage, arithmetic mean and
standard deviation.
3. The data of intention of promote and develop the aging in the parl 9,
evaluate into score then divided to 3 categories as'high, middle and low by grouping
method, then analyze by the statistic of percentage, arithmetic mean and standard
deviation.
4. The factors that relate to the intention of promote and develop the aging,
analyze by statistic of multiple regression analysis.
l
2. The qualitative research
The quality research purpose to strengthen a quantitative research, for study
* to factors cause to intention of promotion and developing the aging of the member of
Tambon Administrative Organization. And purpose to study the method to promoting
and developing the aging and all study to how the same aging development and the
intention, this for the clearly of all dimensions that relate to the intentiono strengthen
the understand and help to interpret the quantitative research. The details of a quahty
research are follows.
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Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 53
2.1 Studying area
The researcher selected the areas study by purposive sampling. select into 6
Tambon Administrative Organization. as Tambon Ban Klong ampher Muang, Tambon
Aranyik ampher Muang, Tambon Tatong ampher Muang, Tambon Nong Kham
ampher Phrompiram, Tambon Watbot ampher Watbot and Tambon Nabua ampher
Nakomthai to study.
2.2The target sample
This research purpose study to the persons who relate to the develop
administration on the Tambon Administrative Organization, and addition to the
stakeholder in aging development. The researcher has selected study in the key
informant who have elucidates to the coverage, deep and real information and
appropriate with the objective. Thus divided the key informants to 4 categories, such
as the administrative committee, deputy of Tambon Administrative Organization, the
member of Tambon Administrative organization council and the aging.
2.3 Data collecting method
This quality research purpose to veriff the result of the intention of
promoting and developing the aging, which has the research pattern on in depth
interview, tts perceive information by two way communications method. The
researcher has collected by self and interviewed by informal
The researcher collect data by the data construct that according to the
quantitative research concept, and addition to quest in the context in Tambon
Administrative Organization working, also the trouble of supporting and developing
the aging. The researcher set up the all issues before interviewed on 2 pattenu as
follows;
:
I
/
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Chatchaiyakam Suknarin Research Methodology / 54
1. The general interview that has not fix the answer, for the sample imply
* to individual historical, works, their opinion and feeling, this makes for the happy and
sincere felling to tail story of them.
2. Thg focus interview that the researcher did by in depth interview for
perceived the reason and real.
2.4The instrument
1. The construct of qualitative research concept question that put together
with 2 parts as follows;
- Personal data such as sex, age, educated level, stafus, time period in
l status, occupation and income
- The Attitude, the role perception, the information perception, the
religious education and practices. the suggestion to aging promoting and developing,
the experience on aging promoting and developing and the perception in expectation
of the aging.
2.The construct of aging question as
- personal data of the aging as age, sex, educated level, income and
I occupation
- trouble and developed needed
- opinion to aging developing and the other of the members of Tambon
Admini strative Organi zation
3. A notebook
I
4. Recorder player and material
Copyright by Mahidol University
Fac. of Grad. Studies, MahidolUnir'. M.Ed. (Population Education) i 55
2.5Data collecting and analYsis
I The researcher categorl' data by the studied construction then makes data
conecting andanalYze as follou'.
1. Correcting data after makes data categor)'. If some questionnaires have
incorrect and unequal, the researcher will take quest in addition.
2. To analyze data, the researcher has edit and analyze row data all in
individual and summarize information, for conclude the factors that relate to intention
of aging promotion and developing. If the result has harmony with the quantitative
result, it should help the researcher able to imply. conc]ude and summarize in clearly
C phenomenon.
The content analysis is the research technique that able to imply a content
- t t : 1 1l -rl .-l--. arn sentence or document by the quantitative system and emphasize to subjectivity. The
implement has emphasize rnthe content that appear in the sentence, also the researcher
has not interpreted on bias, or by self-felling, and not emphasize interpreted on the
hidden meaning.
I
I Copyright by Mahidol University
it
Chatchaivakarn Sultnarin Results '56
CHAPTER IV
REST]LTS
The research purposes to know the levels and factors that relate with the
intention to promote and develop the aging, b), discussion all quantitative and quaiity
research together, for know more details and clearly in the phenomenon. The results
will present by these steps;
1. The results of quantitative research present as follows;
1.1 The generals characteristic of the sample
1.2 Attitude to promote and develop the aging
1.3 The role perception to promote and develop the aging
I.4 The aging information perception
1.5 The education and practices in religion philosophy
1.6 The suggestion to promote and develop the aging
1.7 The experience in promote and develop the aging
1.8 The perception to expectation of the aging
1.9 The intention to promote and develop the aging
1.10 The relationship between factors and the intention to promote and
develop the aging
2. The qualitative research by in-depth interview present as follows;
2.1 The data of quality research
2.2 The qualitative research conclusion
+
I
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Fac. of Grad. Studies. MahidolUniv' M.Ed. @opulation Education) '' 57
1. The results of quantitative research
1.1 The generals characteristic of the sample
The samples of a research are 408 members of Tambon Administrative
Organization in phitsanulok Provincial the information of their background are follows;
Most of samples are male (84.8 %) more than female (15.2 %), the most are
35-52years old and the arithmetic mean is 43 years . (, :43.!g, SD = 9'09), the most
(4g.3%) has educated in secondary school, certificate and diploma level, the next has
educated in primary school (47.s%),the most (66.9%) occupy in agriculturist, business
and employee (23.8 % and 9.3o/o in sequence). The most (80.6%) has income amount
15,530 - ll5,g12balrts per year, and the average income is 65,750 batrts per year. (V:
65,750, SD:50,221)
The most samples (71.1%) are the members of Tambon Administrative
Organization council, and279% are the administrative committee. The samples are not
difference in period time in the status of Tarrbon Administrative Organz-ation member.
While the most (27.2%) are the members of Tambon Administrative Organization in
lesslyear,andhasperiodtimeinl-2yearsare24.3Yo,periodtimein3-4yearsare
23.3 Vo, and more than 4 yezlrs are 19.4 Yo
.l}
I
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Chatchaivakarn Suknarin Results / 58
Table 4: Numbers and percentage of the sample divided by general characteristics
Characteristic Numbers PercentageI
1. Sex
Male
Female
Age
- 15 -34 year
- 35 -52year
- more than 53 year
346
62
77
273
56
Min 25
84.8
15.2
19.0
67.2
13.8
47.5
43.7
8.8
66.9
9.3
23.8
27.9
72.1
2.
i qz.D sD s.os Max 75
a
194
178
273
38
97
I
Lt4
294
3. Educated level
- primary school
- secondary school, certificate and
diploma level
- bachelors and over
Occupation
- Agriculnrist
- Employee
- Business and other
Status in Organization
- Administrative board
- Normal member
36
4.
5.
|l
I
Copyright by Mahidol University
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 59
Table 4: Numbers and percentage of the sample divided by the general characteristic
(cont.)I
Characteristic Numbers Percentage
6. Average income per year
- Less than 15,529 bahts
- 15,530 - 115,972 bahts
- more than 115.973 bahts
Min 100,00 Max 300,000
7. Period time in the status
o - Less than 1 year
1 - 2 years
2 - 3 years
3 - 4 years
over 4 years
2s
329
54
111
99
24
6.1
80.6
13.2
27.2
24.3
s.9
25.)
19.4
X 65,750 SD 50,221
95
79
t
1.2 Attitude to promote and develop in aging
The results found that, the samples have attitude to promote and develop the
agrng at the middle to high level, by the most (72.30%) we the middle level, the next
below (28.4% and 13.48 Vo) are the high and low level in sequence. (Details in table 5)
* Copyright by Mahidol University
Chatchaivakarn Suknarin Results / 60
Table 5 Numbers and percentage of the attitude to promote and develop the aging
divided by levelll
Attitude level Numbers Percentage
Lo'*' (scores less than 82)
Middle (scores until 82 to 99)
High (scores over than 99)
55 13.48
295 72.30
58 14.22
Total 408 100.0
In consideration in each question of attitude found that,
ln the positive direction questions, the most (strongly agree and agree added)
ithave agree with the question such as the aging was use to made the useful to society
(80.8%). The aging want an appreciated from the human in society (90.4%). The aging l
want to participate with the family and society (76.8%). The aging ought to get a
sufficient welfare (89.3%). The value of appreciated and respected to the aging ought to
be promote (91.8%). The aging ought to get a free treatment. (g3;-%) Family and
society ought to have duty to maintain the aging together. (88.7 %) and Tambon
Administrative Organization ought to plan to develop the aging. (g2.4%) But the mosta
(78/%) disagree with "the aging has yet potential to develop the society".
In the negative direction question, the most has disagreed with the question
as; the aging is the person who is outnoded of the knowledge, thinking and ability.
(54.1%) and the question; the aging has unvalued for the family and society . (46.1%)
While the most agreed with the question the older will make more dependent
maintaining for the family and society. (82.1%), the aging.development has not worthy
l Copyright by Mahidol University
Fac. of Grad. Studies" Mahidol Unir,. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 6l
in economic $4.9%) and the aging is not appropriate with the exercise supporting.
t (4.g%) (Details in table 6)
Table 6 Attitude to promote and develop to aging divided by items
Attitude
Strongly Agree Unsure Dis- Strongly
agree (%) Agree Agree Disagree
(%) (%) (%) ("/o)
l. The aging was use to made the 40.2 46.6 10.0 32 U0
useful for society.
2. The aging is outmoded of the 5.9 l2.s z7.s 41.4 12J
knowledge, the thought and ability,I
3. The aging is the human who has 9.3 r9.g 24.g 36.3 9.9
valueless for family and community.
4. Nowadays There are many aging 16.7 42.4 27.7 11.5 l.jwho are poor and devoid by the
supervisor.
5. Being the aging. It will be loaded to 35 47.1 12.0 5.1 0.5
maintain by the family and community.
t 6. The aging has easier to sickness and g.l 363 27 .0 17 .2 1 1.5
more severity than the normal human
has.
7. Nowadays the members in aging ll.3 36.g 35.0 ls.z 1.7
family have less ability to maintain the
aging.
8. The aging should to stop working. 3.2 z3.o 22.3 33.3 lg.1
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Results / 62
Table 6 Attitude to promote and develop to aging divided by items (cont.)
I Strongll, Agree Unsure Dis- Strongly
Question agree (%) Agree Agree Disagree
("/") (o/") (%) (%)
9. The instruction of the aging is 15.2 42.2 14.5 20.1 8.1
unbelievers.
10. The aging needed to participate 24.3 52.5 18.1 4.2 1.0
with the communig.
I 1 . The aging is valueless because 7 .6 33.1 225 29.9 6.9
cannot works for money.
| 12. The aging has yet ability to make 0.0 2.7 18.9 54.9 23.5
profit for communitl'.
13. The aging need a appreciated from 47.8 42.6 9-l 0.5 0.0
community.
14. The aging should be replied in 44.4 44.9 6.4 3.2 L2
society welfare from community.
15.The aging promoting.and 7.4 37.5 24.3 21.3 9.6
developing is not related to society andD
economic developing.
16. The promoting and developing in 14.2 48.5 l9.l 13.7 4.4
aging is valueless in economic.
17. The aging is not necessary to 12.5 53.2 13.5 14.7 6.1
promote and develop in occupation
18. The values in appreciate and respect 67 .6 24.3 6.9 0.0 l.z
to the aging should be promoted.a Copyright by Mahidol University
ffiFac. of Grad. Studies, MahidolUniv M.Ed. @opulation Education) / 63
Table 6 Attitude to promote and develop to aging divided by items (cont.)
; Strongly Agree Unsure Dis- Strongly
Disagree
("/o)
Question agree
(%)
("/o) Agree Agree
(%) (%)
19. The aging should be get free health
treatment.
20. The past developments often not
plan to the aging by straightly.
21. The aging is not appropriate to
promote to exercise.
22. The promoting and developing
aging is decreased to responsibility of
their family
23. The family and community ought to
cooperate to maintain the aging.
24. T ambon Administrative
Organization ought to plan develop and
promote the aging.
7r.3 21.8 4.9 1.5
20.8 49.8 2t.3 8.1
8.316.4 s6.6 14.0
24.5 47.3 19.4
50.5 38.2 10.3 1.0
46.8 45.6 7.1
0.5
0.0
4.7
t3.45.4
0.0
0.00.5
*
1.3 Role perception to promote and develop aglng
The results found that the sample have perceived the role to promote and
develop the aging at high level, as the most (66.92Yo) perceived at the high level, the
next below (26.71%) perceived at the middle level, and the next below (3.37 %)
perceived at the low level. (Details in tabte 7)
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Table 7 Numbers and percentage of role perception to promote and develop the aging
divided b1, levelILevel of role perception Numbers Percentage
Low (scores less than 5 )
Middle (scores 6-9)
High (scores over than 10 )
26
109
273
6.37
26.71
66.92
I
Total 408 100.0
In consideration role perception in each item question found that, the 3" in
sequence, the most sample have perceived in issues; Tambon Administrative
Organization has function to promote and support a public place to make activity for
information exchange between aglng and other population (91.4%). The next below is
the question; Tambon Administrative Organization has function to promote and support
the religious activity for participated of all population, especially the aging (89.5%), and
Tambon Administrative Organizationhas function to implant the value of the respect in
agrng knowledge and their experiences (87.5%). @etails in table 8).
Table 8 Percentage of role perception to promote and develop the aging divided by
items
I
Role perception to promote and develop aging
l. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to manage the
health treatment and health promotion service for the aging
2. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to publicize the
maintenance and practical the aging method to the community.
accept Reject
81.6 18.4
a
77.0 23.0
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Fac. of Grad. Studies. MahidolUniv. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 65
Table 8 Percentage of role perception to promote and develop the aging divided by
items (cont.)
Role perception to promote and develop aglng Accept Reiect(%t (%l
3. Tambon Adminisnative Organization has function to manage the 70.3 29.7
useful education for the aging.
4. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to promote and 91.4 8.6
support a public place to perform activity for exchange information
between the aging and the other.
5. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to support the 89.5 10.5
religiously activity for participated with population, especialll, aging.
; 6. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to make 81.8 18.9
oppornrnity for the aging perform the ability in branch of knowledge
that make appreciated to them.
7. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to income 79.2 20.8
helping for the aging who can not alive by self.
8. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to promote and 67.4 32.6
support the appropriate technology for aging working.
10. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to promote and 72,3 27.7
tsupport the extended family for the aging warm.
ll. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to fight the 87.5 12.5
respect to the knowledge and experience of aging.
12. Tambon Administrative Organization has firnction to promote and 72.1 27.9
support the religiously institution to publicized the principles of birth,
aging, and dying for decrease the aging worried.
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin
Table 8 Percentage of role perception to promote and develop the aging divided b1'
items (cont.).
Results / 66
I
Role perception to promote and develop aging T:ln'Reject
I
13. T"mb"" Administrative Organization has function to promote and 78'9 2t.1
support the society welfare as health, occupation, live place and relax
place for the aging.
1.4 Aging information PercePtion
The results found that, the sample has perceived the aging information at the
middle to high level, as the most (67.2%) has perceived at the middle, and the next
beiow (18.5%) has perceived at the high level. @etails in table 9)
Table 9 Numbers and percentage of the aging information perception
Agrng information perception level Numbers Percentage
Low (scores less than 11 )
Middle (scores 12 - 17 )
Higlr (scores over than 17 )
58
274
76
t4.2
67.2
18.5
Total 100.0
In consideration of aging information perception in each item, found that the
most (54.9o/o)haveperceived in aging information from television at high level, and the
most (54.9%) has perceive aging information from joumal and periodical book at tow
level. (Details in table 10)
408
il
t Copyright by Mahidol University
Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Univ.
Table 10 Type of the media of aging information'
M.Ed. (Population Education) / 67
I IIigh
(%)
Middle
(%)
Low
(%)Type of media
t
1. Television
2. Radio
3. Newspaper
4. Journal and periodical book
5. Officially document
6. The broadcasting tower
7. The officially
54.9
39.0
22.3
9.3
25.5
34.3
28.7
42.4
43.6
55.1
3s.8
52.9
45.8
59.6
2.7
17.4
22.5
54.9
21.6
19.9
1 1.8
rl
1.5 The education and practices in religious
The results fognd that, the sample educates and practices in religious
activities at the middle to low level, as the most (70.4%) educates and practices at the
middle, the next below (2I.3% and 8.3%) educates and practices at low and high in
sequence. (Details intable 11) .
Table ll Numbers and percentage of religious education and practices
Religious education and practices level Numbers Percentage
Low (score less than 12 )
Middle (score 12-19)
High (score over than 19 )
87
287
34
2t.3
70.4
8.3
aTotal 100.0408
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknann Results / 68
ln consideration of the educates and practices in religious activities by each
items found that. the most educates and practices in religious activity at the middle (3 -I
5 times per month) in all activitl-. Which the most often go to the temple for food
offering and listening the Buddha teaching on holy day (53.4%). Food offering to the
priest in every morning (44.6%). reading the teaching of the Buddha (57.8%) and
listening the teaching of the Buddha exhibition (60.0%) (Details in table 12)
Table 12 Percentage of the religious education and practices
Religious education and practices High
(%)
Middle Irow
(%) (%)
1. Go to the temple for offering and listening to drama
in holy day
2. Food offering to the priests in the moming
3. Praying before sleep
4. Helping activity in the temple
5. Talk in the teaching of the Buddha with the priests
6. Reading the teaching of the Buddha
7. Listening teaching of the Buddha exhibition
40.4 53.4 6.1I
39.7
43.1
39.2
20.3
13.7
20.8
44.6
43.6
54.2
55.6
57.8
60.0
15.7
t3.2
6.6
24.0
28.4
19.1!l
1.6 Suggestions of promoted and develop the aging
The results found that, the sample has a suggestion to promoted and develop
the aging at middle to high level, as the most (72.1%)has suggested at middle level, the
next below (15.2%) has suggested at high level, and 12.7 Yohas suggested in low level.
(Details in table 13)
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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 69
Table 13 Numbers and percentage of suggestion of promoted and develop the aging
Suggested to promoted and develop the aging Numbers Percentage
Low (score less than 21 )
Middle (score 21-37)
High (score over than 37 )
52
294
62
12.7
72.1
15.2
I
Total 408 100.0
. In consideration to the suggestion of promoted and develop the aging in each
item, found that the sample has suggested to promote and develop the aging at middle
level (l-3 times per year) in all activrty. By the most (51.0%) has suggested managing
health care service, as protection, promotion, and treatnent and recover ability for aging
in the middle. The same to the suggestion to support the public sector as the temple, the
school and the public health center perform the activity for information exchange
between the aging and the other (56.9%). The suggestion to recover the cuter and
tradition that related to respect aging and the parent, as Songkran day or in the mother
day etc. (53.7%)
In the otherwise the most (45.3%) has suggested to manage the useful
education for the agng at the middle level, and the most (49.0%) has the middle
suggestion to manage the money for aging who can not alive by self. (Detail in table 14)
t
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Results / 70
Tables 14 Percentage of the suggestion to promote and develop aging divided b5' items
High Middle LowSuggestion of promote and develop the aging level
(%) (%) (%\
1. Promote and support health care service, as
protection, promotion, fieatment and recover ability for
the aging
2. Promote and support to education management that 21.1 45.3 21.1
useful for the aging
3. Promote and support the manage the aging 22.5 49.s z7.g
I education to teach in knowledge and experience that
make appreciated to them
4. Promote and support the public sector as temple, 3l.l 56.9 r2,0
school and health center to manage activity to activity
for exchange information between aging and other
population
5. Promote and support the religiousry activity for zg.z sz.g lg.9
educated and practiced to population, especially aging.t6. Promote and support the activity to make income 29.4 4g.0 2l.6
for aging alive.
7. Promote and support aging to working for enough 23.g 4g.3 27.0
and equal income
8. Promote and support the appropriate technology for z4.o 56.1 lg.g
aging labor- saving.
I Copyright by Mahidol University
a
Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Unir,. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 7l
Tables l4 Percentage of the suggestion to promote and develop aging divided by items
(cont.)
Suggestion of promote and develop the aging levelHigh
(%)
Middle
(%)
Lorr'
(%)
9. Promote and support the extended family for make t9.6 53.9 53.9
warmly for aging.
I l.Promoted and support to recover cuter and tradition
that relate to respect aging and parent, as Songkran day
or in the mother day ect.
12. Promote and support the society welfare as health,
occupation, alive place and relax place for aging
40.0 53.7
26.0 52.5
13.7
21.6I
t
1.7 The experience to promote and develop the aging
The results found that, the sample have experienced to promote and develop
the aging at the middle level, as the most (72.3%) have experienced at the middle level,
the next below (14.2%, 13.5P/o) has experienced at the middle and high level in
sequence. @etails in table 15)
Table 15 Numbers and percentage of experience to promoted and develop the aging
Experienced to promoted and develop aging Number Percentage
Low (scores less than 20 )
Middle (scores 20-37)
High (scores over than 37 )
57
290
54
14.2
72.3
13.5
408I
Total 100.0
Copyright by Mahidol University
I
Chatchaiyakam Suknarin Results "
7?
Consideration in each item of experience to promote and develop aging
found that. the most sample have experience at the middle (l-3 times per years) in every
activities. 81'the sample have a middle experience in supporting and promoting to the
health center. school and the temple manage the information exchange activity between
the aging and the other population (62.0%). The most have a middle experience in
promote and support to recovering a cuter and tradition that reveal the respect to the
aging and parent, as Songkran day or in the mother day etc. (60.8%). Addition to the
middle experience in supporting and promoting the religion activity that emphasize the
principle of Buddha leaming, and practical for all population, especially the aging.
(6r.0%)
Also to the most sample have a middle experience in supporting and
promoting the health care service to the aging. (49.8%), supporting and promoting
education management for the aging (43.9%) and supporting the activity that the agrng
has oppornrnity to publicize their knowledge and experience for the respected and
appreciated from the human in society. (48.3%) (Details in table 16)
Table 16 Percentage of experience to promote and develop aging divided by items
Experience in promote and develop
agrng
t
I IIigh
(%)
Middle
(%)
Low
(%)
1. Promote and support the health care service, as
health protection, health promotion, treatment and
recover ability for aging
2. Promote and support to education management
that useful for the aging
27.0 49.8 25.3
t
t6.7 43.9 39.s
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Fac. of Grad. Studies. MahidolUniv. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 73
Table 16 Percentage of experience to promote and develop aging divided by items
(cont.)I
t
Experience in promote and develop High Middle Low
aging (%) (%\ (%)
3. Promote and support the management for the 22.3 48.3 29.4
aging teach in their knowledge and experience for
make appreciated to them
4. Promote and support the public sector as temple, 25.0 62.0 13.0
school and health center to manage activity to
activrty for exchange information between aging
and other population
5. Promote and support the religion activity for 20.0 61.0 18.4
educated and practiced to the population, especially
aging.
6. Promote and support the activity to added 23.0 54.9 22.1
income for aging.
7. Promote and support the aging to work for 18.4 53.9 27.7
enough and equal income
8. Promote and support the appropriate technology 16.9 58.6 24.5
for aging labor- saving.
9. Promote and support the extended family for 26.2 53.4 20.3
make warmly for the aging.
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Results / 74
Table 16 Percentage of experience to promote and develop aging divided bf items
' (conr.)
Experience in promote and develop High Middle Low
agmg (%) (%) (%)
I
10 Promote and support to fight and establish in 28.7 60.8 10.5
respected and gratefulness valued to aging.
ll.Promoted and support to recover the cuter and 34.4 58.8 6.9
tradition that reveal the respected and appreciated
to the agng and the parent, as Songkran day or in
the mother day, etc.
l2.Promote and support the society welfare as 24.0 56.6 lg.4
health, occupation, alive place and relax place for
aging
1.8 The perception of aging expectation
The results found that, the most sample have perceived in aging developed
expectation at the middle to low level, as the most (76.5 Yo) have perceive at middle
level, the next below (I3.0yo,10.5%) have perceived at low and high level in sequence.
(Details in table 17)
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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 75
Table 17 Numbers and percentage of the perception in aging developed expectation.
Perception in aging expectation to promoted and Numbers percentage
developed
Low (scores less than 17 )
Middle (scores 18 - 33)
High (scores over than 33 )
53
312
43
13.0
76.5
10.5
I
Total 408 100.0
In consideration of perception in aging expectation in each item fowrd that,
most of the sample (48.3%) have perceive the aglng expectation to get the special
treatnent welfare more than other people at high level.
The furthermore, the most sample has perception at the middle in the item as
follow, the aging has expected to use their ability for themselves and the society
usefulness (55.4%). The aging needed the education in the several knowledge for
develop themselves (54.9%), and the agtng want the member in their family and the
other in society has perceived their needed (s3.9%) (details in table lg)
Table 18 Percentage of the perception in aging develop expectation divided by items
Perception in aging expectationHigh Middle Low
(%) (%) (%)
l
1. Expect to get especially treatment so"iety-weiffi 37.7 14.0
management more than other people
48.3
32.12. Expect to get promoted and recovered health care as
exercise activity, educated in right practice.I
44.1 23.8
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin
Table 18 Percentage of perception in aging expectation (cont.)
Results / 76
aPerception in aging expectation
High Middle Low
(%) (%) (%)
3. Expect to educated in several knowledge for develop 15.9 54.9 2w
themselves
4. Expect to the member in family perceive in desire of 26.7 53.9 lg.4
aging
5. Expect opportunity to perform an ability for 20.6 s3.2 26.2
appreciate form society
I 6. Expect to promoted and supported in oppornrnity to 20.1 48.0 3I.9
work in occupation.
7. Expect to take an ability for useful to themselves 25.2 55.4 rg.4
family and community
8. Expect to promoted and supported an adequate 2g.9 4g.g 22.3
income for survive.
9. Expect to family and communities make activity that 39.0 44.4 16.6
t reveal respected and gratefulness to aging.
10. Expect to family and communities take an activity, 29.4 45.g 24.g
that promote a rela:€tion as a place to relax and several
activrty for relax.
11. Expect to take activity for aging to teach a 33.6 46.1 20.3
knowledge as right art, tradition and cultural.
12. Expect get society welfare such as treatmento 38.5 43.I 1g.4oprocure an occupation, and other appropriate relatration
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Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Univ, M.Ed. (Population Education) / 7j
1.9 The intention to promote and develop aging
The results found that, the sample intent to promote and develop aging at the
middle to high level. as the most (68.4 %) have intenr at middle level, the next below
Q'I.6yo,l0.A%) have intent at high and low level in sequence. (Details in table l9)
Table 19 Numbers and percentage of the level intention to promot and develop aging
Intention to promote and develop aging Number Percentage
4l
279
88I
Lou' (score less than 36 )
Middle (score 36-53)
High (score over than 53)
10.0
68.4
2r.6
I
Total 408 100.0
ln consideration to intention of aging promoting and developing in each item
found that the sample have a high intention to develop and support the aging (the most
and most added) into support the aging have a free healthy welfare (77.5%). The.most
(69'6%,68.9%) intent to support the health Organization to manage the special service
for the aging and intent to manage and recover the tradition to reveal the respected and
tle appreciated to the aging in sequence.
The otherwise the sample oriy 46.3%o intent to support the aging collecting,
for do activity to add income for the agrng, and the same (53.2%,53.g%) intention to
manage the firnd for support income to poor aging, and manage the society welfare to
the aging in sequence. (Details in table 20)
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ehatchaiyakam Suknarin
t
Table 20 Percentage of inrention ro promote and develop aging divided by i, "-:s
The
Intention of promote most most unsure Litti least
and develop to aging (%) (%) (%) (%.1 %\
'iesults / 78
The
l
1. Support the aging to get fre.
treatnnent
2. Support to publicize the caring and 27.9 34.6 3l.l 6.1 0.2
practiced to aging method to all
family.
3. Support the health organization to 36.5 33.1 23.0 4.7 2.7
take an especially aging ciinic
4. Support to take educated to aging 25.0 36.g 31.6 6.4 0.2
for leam about curing and protection
in their health
5. support to take educated to aging in lg.l 30.9 36.3 12.7 2.0
about the caring infant for participated
with family
6' Support to take aging grouping for 25.2 33.6 3r.6 g.g 0.7
aging to meeting and exchange
information
7. Promote and support the aging to 20.6 2g.g 3g.5 g.6 2.5
publicize in knowledge and
experience to the other.
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Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 79
Table 20 Percentage of intent to promote and develop aging by each item (cont.)
The most unsure Little The
Intention of promote and develop to most (%) (%) (%) least
aging (%) (%)
I
8. To take the fun for support the 29.2
agmg
9. support the aging grouping to take 2l.l 25.2 3g.0 10.5 5.1
activity for increase income to the
aging
10. Take the tadition and culrurar 46.1 22.9 2g.4 2.5 0.2
activity that relate ro respect and
gratefulness to aging
I I ' Take activity that make 27.7 30.1 33.3 7.4 1.5
opportunity for aging to teaching the
right cultural and tradition knowledge
12. Take the several welfare as 25.0 2g9 35.5 7.g 2.7
healthcare, procure home,
occupation, the lodge and relax place
for aging
1.10 The factors that relate to the intention of promoted and develop the
aglng.
To analyze the factors that relate with the intention of promote and develop
the aging of the member of Tambon Administrative organization, the researcher has use
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Results / 80
the stepwise multiple regression analysis method to test the assumption between
independence variable and dependence variable. The researcher set the symbol and the
meaning for the statistic and the variable, as;
a
The analyzed statistics
T
S.D.
R (multiple R)
R2
b
Beta
SEE
F
The dependence variables
Y=
Independence
X1
x2
X3
x4
X5
x6
x7
X8
= Arithmetic mean
= Standard deviation
Age
Educated level
Occupation
Income
Status
Time period in status
Attitude
Role perception
Multiple regression value
Coeffi cient of determination
Regression coefficient
Standardize regression coefficient
Standard error of estimate
The linear regression test value
Intention of promote and
develop aging
scale measure
interval
interval
nominal
interval
nominal
interval
interval
interval
I
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Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Unir,. M.Ed. (Population Education) i 8l
Xq = Information perception interval
XlO = Educated and practical interval
in religiously
Xll = The suggested to promote interval
and develop aging
XI2 : The experience to promote interval
and develop aging
X13 = Aging expectation percepion interval
For the nominal variables, the researcher has use the method of dummy
variables for the harmonious with the principle of the statistical analysis as follow,
l. Educated level (X2)
- Primary school value 0
- Higher than primary school value I
2. Occupation (X4)
- Employee, conrmerce and business value 0
- Agriculturist value I
3. Status (X6)
- Member of Administrative Organization councils value 0
- Administrative committee value I
For the reliable results, the researcher has examined to the characteristic of
data, which appropriated to the analyze statistical, the researcher want the leastI
independence variables to explain the variance of dependence variable, as by test to
t
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Charchaiyakarn Suknarin Results / 82
seek a multicollinearlib' \,ariables. that make unreliability to estimate of regression
coeffrcient. (Tawatchai Worapongsatorn quoted in Teerachai Dedkhad. 2001: 95). For
this reason the researcher consider in correlation coeffrcient value between pair of
variable, as calculate by Pearson's Product moment correlation coefficient, amount 56
of 9l pairs of independence variables was relationship at .05 significant and no have a
pair of dependence that value over 0.70. For this reason the researcher will use these 13
variables to analyze the factors that relation with intention of promote and develop
aging. (Details in table 21)
t
I
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.r
\n
l&
M.Ed. (Population Education) / 83Fac. of Grad. Studies, MahidolUniv.
ifrn-O\OH::;I+*: !n - !a, ; * - o 99 -o -o\ .+ 1+ -.+ =vc.rc\cUqqqqN=do\d-
n-r"rrrN+N-enc-l
I E -H ,ib 'D I g g -F ": 'fi r- B
*. * n - ' -i q E n q E :
= R t"" .r.i x o - sf, I r :x a x '!I 'iq Y + 5 H"5 =***
=ir'-b:"8 E E E:*\ gX:=;o=qqH\ocn!.
;;;N.Lss8;;;Xa\bU=EPEc.,f--cl-,'9---iJg.l
Pgio*tbI-93I-I-,eX-G555c:-.i E5qci6l-:--1.-".! J
***D*- H",.,:b = S IxSqsE=qE_:-!*pSkBb"".=8nq\\=qci
*&+
Yl tq R t* .i.I- RX N =
oo ,cN y-Y*'N*
<t=os---ciin$\nO-l^q=q-=
I^lp R E ,ieor r i=X 5 'qY.<-
I^FtXXrnY
F
-=
Fxilr*nxFnR;;ilil
I
q)
o
o
(tt()L
(,)
'dc)
' (.)u)I&>lsu)o)srgk(g
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h
(h
oO
(.)
Od
alo!L{
oU)
v,GIc.)
N€,
clF
;
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Chatcharyakam Suknarin Results / 84
The analysis found that. there are 8 fJom 14 variables relate to the intention
to promote and develop aging and significant at 0.05. Therefor 6 variables have positive
direction relationship. such as the attitude to aging development (b = 0.343). the
perception to the aging expectation (b = 0.447). status in Organization (b : 3.721).
occupation (b : 2.384). the education and practices in religion activities (b : 0.335), the
perception in aging development role (b = 0.331). The results indicated that if the
member of Tambon Adminisuative Organization have a high attitude to the aging
development, high perception in aging expectation, high perception in aging
development role and high perception and high practical in the religion activity, the
sample will have a high intention to develop the aging too.
The furthennore, the members of administrator committee will have a aging
development intention more than the member of Administrative Organtzatron council,
the same as the member who has occupy in the agriculturist which have more intention
the other occupation.
In the same time, 2 variables have relate to the intention of aging
development on negative direction, such as income of the members (b = -2.432) and the
experience to aging development O = -2.254). It reveal that if the income and theIexperience in aging development increasing, so affected to the decreasing the intention
of aging development,
The attitude to aging development is the most relationship with the intention
(Beta: 0.325) and the next below is the perception in aging expectation @eta :0.324),
status (Beta = 0.191), occupation (Beta = 0.128), the education and practices in religion
activities (Beta: 0.1l9), the perception in aging development role (Beta = 0.118).
e
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Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 85
The same time in the variables that relate on negative direction the
experience in aging development has more influence than the income (Beta : -0.174
and -0.109 in sequence)
All the 8 independent variables have relationship with the intention of aging
development at the middle level. (R = 0.603), and able to reply the deviation of the
intention of aging development of the members of Tambon Administrative Organization
at 36.3 o/o (* = 0.363) @etails intable2})
Table 22 T\e stepwise multiple reglession analysis in independence variable that
relationship with intention to promote and develop aging.
Variable Beta Sig. Tt
1. Attitude to promote and develop aging.
2. Perception to aging expectation
3. Status
4. Occupation
7. lncome
8. Agrng information perception
5. Experience in promote and develop aging -.254
6. Educated and practice in religiously .335
.343
.447
3.721
2.384
-2.432
.331
.325
.324
,191
.r28
-.174
.119
-.r09
.l 18
7.489 0.000
6.834 0.000
4.578 0.000
3.078 0.002
-3.700 0.000
2.755 0.006
-2.s95 0.010
2.483 0.013
e
Constant = -2.452
= 408 SEE: 4.667 F:28.545N
R = 0.603
Sig. F = 28.545 R2 : 0.363
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Chatchaiyakarn, Suknarin
2. The result of qualitative research
Results / 86
The researcher will bring the results for discussion with the quantitative
research. for a clearly of the phenomenon and dimension of the research. the studied
divide in steps as follows.
The interviews of the members of Tambon Administrative Organization.
deputies of Tambon Administrative Organization. the data component as follows;
- The general data such as age, sex, educated level, occupation, stafus in the
Organization, income, ild the time period in status of the member of Tambon
Administrative Organization.
- The attitude to the aging problem and the aging development which implied
to the mind about the aging, the aging trouble and the attitude to the aging development.
- The role perception to aging development, which implied to the role
perception to aging development of the member of Tambon Administrative
Organization.
- The aging' information perception which implied to the perception in the
aging' information as the houble of the aging, the aging development information by
the mass of media as television, radio, newspaper and the other.
- The education and practical in the religion. Which implied to the education,
training and the practical in the religion activity, as the offering the food to the priest,
the merit and the praying in the evening, reading the teaching of the Buddh4 the
listening of the exhibition of Bucldha teaching and the helping of the temple activity.
- The suggestion to perform the aging development activity, which implied to
the suggestion by the other to develop the aging, when has status in the members of
Tambon Administrative Organization.
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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Unir,. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 87
- The experience of the aging development, which implied to the experience
of the Administrative Organization'rnembers to act in activity of aging development.
- The aging' expectations perception, which implied the perception to the
aging development needed, addition to the helping needed of the aging.
- The intention of promote and develop the agrng, which implied to the mind
that reveal to the aglng development, and addition to the plans and project to develop
the aging of Tambon Administrative Organization.
The aging interview, the data has component as follows;
- The data relate to age, sex, income, status, life condition and occupation.
- The daily activity.
- The trouble of them.
- The supporting and the development needed.
- The minds of aging development of Tambon Administrative organization.
2.1 the data of the qualitative research
The generals' data and the intention of develop the aging, which implied by
the key informant, such as the 5 members and 2 deputies of Tambon Administrative
Organization. The researcher will use the alias rurme, and present in individually and
conclude in the later as follows:
The result of interviewed
Inteniew of number I
IvIr. Kai (alias name) chairman of Administrative Committee, 58 years old,
occupied in the employee and the confractors in the past and business nowadays. He has
income amount 300,000 bahts per years, a value of property is over l0 millions. Mr. Kai
a
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Results / 88
is studying in bachelor's degree" the pasl he was been Kamnan and a headman of the
village. He is in the first time of the member of Tambon Administrative Organizalron.
and has period time in l-2 years. Ir4r. Kai has volunteer to pay back a virtue of the
community, because think that the old Administrative committee was a cheat behavior.
So that essential to Administrative by self because 6f the fully of his family.
Mr. Kai has respect to the aging experience and knowledge especially the
aging. which had retired from the govemment official, so he has invited these aging to
be a developed consultant. In the otherwise Mr. Kai think that the aging has not an
income trouble, because their famil)' can supported them especially the aging in the
urban. But the aging should be lonely because of the decreasing of their family's
maintain when sickness. And addition, nowadays the society has less respect the aging,
because the decreasing of the kinship relationship, and the cause of the unequal of
property division to their children, these cause to conflict in their children's mind. ln
addition the selfish of the later generation that made a shatter in their kin, so the
children should not respect to their parent, and effected to the later childhood. So the
aging should not has a really maintain for them.
In the same time, Mr. Kai has opinion that the aging has essential to
supported and developed, because they has yet a potential of the knowledge and the
experience to make useful for the society in the directly and indirectly method. Such as
the increasing income for their family, or being a good example for the childhood, that
ought to make the peaceful for the national.
"The aging development is similar to develop their family, if the aging has
developed, their family has happiness too. If the aging has money so they will not
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Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 89
disturb the childhood, and desired the aging practice to the example and being the
consultant for the children and society'
Otherwise he think that, their family should have more role to maintain the
aging than the Tarnbon Administrative Organization. Because this role is a delicate
mind, so that the developing will be develop to the family or the society mind, to be the
virnre society and make the thinking human more than the knowledge human.
Mr. Kai perceive as Tambon Administrative Organization has role to look
after, supporting and developing the aging, such as helping the poor &grng, supporting
to the agrng health care, or support the aging collecting to perform activity. But Mr. Kai
has opinion that, Tambon Administrative Organization has not clearly in role
transformation. Such the selecting a poor aging is not a role of them, but it is a duty of
the headman of the village and Karnnan, in addition to the law that has provide the role
in roughly. If Ta:rrbon Administrative Oryaruzation has perform in this duty, it may has
a conflict on them. So that the law should has provide the duty in more clearly.
He has perceive the aging information by the mass of media in less, because
he has not like to watching the television or listening the radio, but he can perceive the
agtng inforuration by contact directly to the aging or by the other.
He had lived in the temple in childhood age, and he had go into the
priesthood in the past, so he has opinion that the teaching of Buddha is essential to
apply for practical in diary life. But nowadays the priest unable to teach the human to
practice in the teaching of Buddha.
Mr. Kai has not suggested promoting and developing the aging in directly,
but he also has suggested by the other, only the income supporting to the poor aging.
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Resula / 90
He has not experience to promote and develop the aging directly. He has only
support the money to the poor aging who has not supported by the bureau of society
welfare, because the aging that has supported by the bureau, the most are the kin of the
Kumnan or the headman of village, the real poor has not supported.
In the other experience, he has supported the aging to plant the non-poison
vegetable, but this project has failed because it has not a good responsibility by the
aging and their family, they want a supporting in every thing.
Mr. Kai has perceive the aging needed by the civil society procedure, found
that the aging has participated in less, they have not.needed the direct development to
them, also they have demand to the infrastructure likely the other.
He has opinion to search the real trouble data and needed of the aging in first,
the aging must to understand making in the agrng developing role of Tambon
Administrative Organization, addition to reflect their touble, potential and their needed.
He also wants to support to the aging collecting in the temple, for relor, meeting by
emphasize to the spiritual of mind, and make more the aging warmly. So in the 5-year
plan of Tambon Administative Organization had provided the budget to aging
development.
Mr. Kai has invited the aging to participate in Tambon development planning,
and he has planned to invite the aging, which has an experience and knowledge. Such as
the retirement transfer their knowledge and their experience to the childhood and the
other, and plan to make the aging to be the example for their child.
In the trouble to aging development, he has not sympathy with every member,
and loses of the aging data such as the trouble, the needed of the aging. And Tarnbon
Administrative Organization has various roles, thus the Organtzation has not act to
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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Unir,. M.Ed. (Popularion Education) / 9l
cover all duty. cause of a few human resource. the aging development method has
complexity' and the other has opinion to the aging development as, it is not imponance
and not useful for the Organization. Thus Mr. Kai has think that it should to construct
the thought of aging development to the members. family and the others.
"The organize able to develop the aging by role, but it hard to be efficiency',
in addition Mr. Kai think that the aging has not understand and not sincere
the develop themselves, especially the occupation development, they has lose of
enduring. That may be cause by they have equal money, or not supporting by their
family.
Analysis
The sample behavior
Mr. Kai has a secure in economy, has ideal to working for community. He
has opinion that the retirement government officer is useful for development, so invited
them to developed consultant. He has attitude to the aging in positive direction, as the
aging has the worth for make useful for them and society. And he believe that the aging
in urban has not hard in life, because of their family able to maintain them. But the
aglng will be lonely because the children have a time to maintain the aging in less, and
nowadays the people in society have respected the aging in less too. The human has
only the knowledge but has not the thought. According to the aging development, he
has opinion'that necessaxy to develop the aging, but it must been sympathy with all
members, addition to the participatory with the aging and their family.
Role Perception
Mr. Kai has perceived in agipg development role that provided by the law.
But he perceive in the rough, not perceive in a detail of procedure and hesitate to
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perform the activitl'to develop aging. because of has not yet transferred in duty of aging
maintain.I
The experience in develop the aging
Mr. Kai has use the retirement of the government offrcer to consult in the
development. But he has not use the potential from the normal aging, because he think
that the people in Tambon areas has not need to the knowledge of them. He was use to
promote to the aging occupation, but it was fail because it has not responsibility. But he
alwal's act the activity as, splashing water for the aging in Songkran Day, for respect
performance for the aging, and money supporting for the poor aging.
The aging infomation perceptionl
Mr. Kai has perceived the aging information by contact the aging in directly,
more than perceive by the mass media.
The suggestion to agrng promoting and development
Mr. Kai has suggested promoting and developing the aging at low level, only
the begging to supported the money from the Organization that relate to the aging
development, such as the public health center or the provincial society welfare office.
The perception of the agingrs expectation
Mr. Kai has perceive that, the aging need to the warmly in their family, and
need to have a meeting with the other aging more than the money helping. Because in
the procedure of civil society, the aging has not call for anything that relate to the aglng
development in directly, the aging only beg to the infrastructure likely the other
population. But Mr. Kai has think that the aging necessary to the occupation
developing, for income added to themselves and their family, and effected to the growtl
of commune economv.
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Fac. of Grad. Studies, MahidolUniv. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 93
Intention of the aging promoting and developing
Mr. Kai has intent to develop the aging by emphasize in the spiritual mind,
he intent to support the aging collecting for the meeting of the aging, addition intention
to manage a health care service for them. As in the efficiency aging development, it
must beginning at the aging family, so study the aging trouble and needed data. And
must making understand in aging for the member of Tambon Administrative
Organization, the aging and the other, cause to change the human practical, change the
thought to more intention to develop the aging than the past, that may be use a long
time. So that in the short time, the aging development rnay be the money supporting to
the poor aging, perform to the splashing water to the aging in Songkran festival, or
support the health center to act for the aging. The activity that develop the aging
directly, it must use a time to prepare the member of Tambon Administrative
Organization and their family in the future.
Conclusion
Mr. Kai has intent to develop and promote the aglng at the middle level. It is
decreasing than the past,,because he believe that the member of Tambon Administrative
Organization, the aging, the family and the community has not yet readiness to develop
the aging. In addition to the un-clearly of the duty transference, the member has not the
knowledge and the understand to the developmen! and addition to the aglng and family
has not needed to the aglng developmen! so that in a short time the activity can perforrr
only the easy activitY.
Intelview of number 2
Mrs. Khai (alias name); female, 42 years, a housewife occupation, the highest
education in bachelor's degree, amount income 400,000 bah'ts per yqu, a status in a
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Results / 94
Administrative committeeo she has been a member of Tambon Administrative
Organization in two times, and has period time over than 5 years. In the first time has
been by the status of headman of the village. She likes to act in society welfare activity,
nowadays she is the chair of the provincial development volunteer assembly, and
committee of national development volunteers assembly, so she always contacted with
the non government Organization. ln the last year, she had allowed the budget from the
Society lnvestrnent Fund (SIF) amount 80,000 bahts, and supported a budget by the
provincial society welfare office amount 50,000 bahts for aging development in
Tambon.
She has opinion that the aging is the experience and knowledge human,
especially the retirement officer, the urban agng will have a lonely because they has
abandoned from their childhood all the daytime. The retirement officer has not the
income trouble, otherwise the aging who has migrated with their poor child. Mrs. Khai
has thought that the aging is likely her parent, and she will be a aglng in the future, so
that it will have plan to develop the aging for their quatity of life. Also to the economic
pressing in the family, makes the family can maintain the aging in fully, the people has
respect to the aging in less, so that everybody will be sympathy to look after the aging.
Mrs. Khai has perceive in agrng developing role in well, because she has
more experience and participated to the aging development, and in her working she has
invited the aging, such as the retirement, a chainnan of the aging, participated in the
civil society procedure. For seek and solve the problem in their Tambon area.
She has perceived the aging information by the mass of media in less,
because the mass has presented the aglng information in less. She has perceived the
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aging information by contacted u'ith the aging directly, and contacted with the non-
government, so she u'ill have more understand to the aging trouble.
In the aging expectation. she can perceive by the civil society procedure. She
founds that the aging has needed to the infrastructure for a comfortable as such as the
other people. In the begging that directly to aging, they begged the comfortable things
for their activity, as the exercise, the visual education, and the relaxation. The less has
begged to the occupation supporting.
The intention of aging developing, Tambon Administrative Organization that
Mrs. Khai works has provide the budget to support the poor aging amount 250,000
bahtss, supporting the exercise activity arrrount 300,000 bahts, set up the center of
health service amount 300,000 bahts, and occupation supporting amount 650,000 batrts.
And act the water splashing to the aging on every Songkran festival day, and she
interests to manage the aging to teach the other. and plan to manage the place for the
poor aging living.
Analysis
The sample behavior
Mrs. Khai, 42 yearsold, a housewife who has a highest educated at bachelor
degree, the member of Administrative committee that has time period in status over 5
years, and has been at the second time of the member of Tambon Ad.ministrative
Organization, has a middle economy status. She has experience to the society welfare
activity with all govenrment and non-government Organization, so she has liked to the
society welfare activity.
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Attitude to the aging development
Mrs' Khai thinks that. the aging is the human that has more knowredge andexperience' especially the aging who is retirement from the govemment, they w1r havea useful for development' so that nowadays Tambon Administrative organization hasinvited them to help in the Tambon development. This area has less of poor aging, all ofthem are the aging who has migrated with their poor child family. I\drs. Khai hasopinion that every aging will have a lonely, because they have not a maintain, so that itessential to manage a activity to decreasing of the lone of the aging, and able to makesthe useful for the society.
Agng information perception
Mrs' Khai has perceived the aging information by the mass of medid in theIess' she has perceived the aging information by contacted with the aging directly, andcontacted with the non_government.
Role perception
Mrs' Khai has perceive the aging development role as well, so that she able tounderstand details of the aging activity, as the health care service, the exercise activitv.addition invite the retired aging to consurtant of Tambon deveropment.
The suggestion of aglng promoting and development
vfu' Kai has suggested promoting and deveroping the aging at low lever, onlythe begging to supported the money from the oryaai,ution that relate to the aglngdevelopment' such as the public health center or the provincial society welfare office.
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The perception of the aging's expectation
Mrs' Khai has perceive the aging needed at well, because of she has
contacted with the non-govemment and experience in aging developing, as invite the
aging to consult Tambon development, in the civil society procedure.
Intention of the agrng promoting and developing
Mrs' Khai has intent to promote and develop the aging at high level, in
several means. Because she has understood in these means, and thought that, the aglng
is a kinship of everybody, the aging development is essential to national development.
Conclusion
Mrs' Khai has a high intention to aging developing,by actthe several activity
to develop the aging' addition join and support the other to act, because she has a high
ability, a potential, an experience and a positive to aging development.
Interview of number 3
Nh' Chai (alias name), male, 40 years, agriculturist occupation, the highest
education in junior secondary school, has income amount 80,000 bahts per year, as,utus
in a member of Administrative organization council in the fust time and has period
time in 1-2 years. In the last 20 years he had migrated their family to work in Bangkok
and had a retied from the job.
He has live in a pattern of kinship relation society and has a many elder in
him kin' He respect to the elder and thought that the child has role to maintain the elder,
but cause to some aging can not adjust for the society change, and some has abandoned
from the family, so the aging potential development is essentially, for the happiness ofthe aging.
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He has believe that the aging must be lonely, and so much to the aging whom
has left by their child. and the aging has decrease their role, the less of kinship relation,
addition to the competition or the selfish society, cause a trouble to the aging.
Mrs. Chai has not convinced to role of aging development, he has perceive
the aging information in sometime b5' the television, or the aging development of other
village.
Mr. Chai had use to been a priest by tradition, know in the base of Buddha
teaching. But now he has only go to the temple in sometime. He has a less experience in
aging development because has a little time in this status.
He has perceived that some aglng are poor and has a trouble, and need in
several things as a love, an understood. But they need a health service the most, by the
aging has not need to the occupation supporting. So that Tambon Administative
Organization has not essential to develop the aging, it is a family role, and the aging
must help on themselves in more, and in this status he can only support some money for
the poor aglng.
Analysis
Sample behavior
Mr. chai, 4l years old, male, the highest educated at junior secondary school,
the member of Administrative Organization council, that has time period in status l-2
years, has a middle economy status.
Attitude to the aglng development
Mr. Chai thinks that, the aging trouble is the individual trouble or the family
trouble, the aging and their family should help themselves and Tambon Ad^ministrative
will be in some trouble for the poor aging.
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Agrng information perception
. Mr. Chai has perceived the aging information by the mass of media in the
less, She has perceived the aging information by contacted with the aging directly.
Role perception
Mr. Chai has perceived the aging development role as low, because he has not
a status in administrative committee, and addition to the less experience in this status.
The suggestion of aglng promoting and development
Mr. Chai has suggested to the promoting and developing the aging at low
level, because has not status in the Administrative committee.
The perception of the aging's expectation
Mr. Chai has perceived the aging needed at low, because he thought that it is
the fa:nily role.
Intention of the aging promoting and developing
Mr. Chai has intent to promote and develop the aging at low level, because
he has not understand the aging development role because has not status in the
administrative committee.
Conclusion
Mr. Chai has a low intention to aging developing, because the low positive
attitude to develop the aging, addition to the low role perception, low experience, low
information perception, &d thought that it is the duty of their family and the
administative committee.
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Interwiew of number 4
Mrs' Noi (alias name) 45 years old, female, agriculturist, in the past was the
headman of the village, the highest educated at primary school, the member of
Administrative Organization council, trryice and the period in this status over than 5
years, income 100,000 bahts per year.
She has respect to the aging as the teacher of the society, that useful for
childhood and the society. But the present the aging has a decreasing of the important to
their children and the other, cause by the children has educated more high level, so they
have not needed to continuos the aging knowledge.
She has believe that there has a little poor aging in society, but increase than
pasL the Otgantzanon has supported the money for them already. She has not agree
with the agtng developmen! because believe that it has not worthy in economic, the
aging is the last aged and not useful for developed, but should be only supported the
money for the poor aging.
She has perceived the aging information in sometime by the television, and
directly the aging. And she has a role to plan with the Organization in the less, because
she is not a member of Administrative committee, opinion that the aging has been
developed from Tambon Organization in adequate.
Mrs. Noi has opinion thaq Tambon Administative Oryanization able support
the related Oryanization to develop the aging, but she has not convince that if the
Organization will do in this, because the lack of knowledge, officer and the method. So
that she has not especially to intention of develop the aging, because it is the role of the
administative committee.
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Analysis
Sample behavior
Mrs. Noi. 45 years old. the highest educated at primary school, the member
of Administrative Organization council that has time period in status more than 5 years.
Attitude to the aglng development
Mrs. Noi thinks, the aging has valued as the teacher of society, the aging has
less valued for the family and society because they is ancient in knowledge, and
outmoded. The aging development has not worth for economic cost, because they have
a little time in their life.
Agrng information perception
Mrs. Noi has perceived the aging information by the mass of media in the
less, She has perceived the aging information by contacted with the aging directly.
Role perception
Mrs. Noi has perceived the aglng development role as low, because she has
not a status in adminisfative committee, and opinion that the member has low abilitv.
The suggestion of aglng promoting and development
Mrs. Noi has suggested to the promoting and developing the aging at low
level, because has not status in the Administative committee.
The perception of the aging,s expectation
Mrs. Noi has perceived the aging needed at low, because she thought that it
is an administrator committee role.
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Intention of the aging promoting and developing
I Mrs. Noi has intent to promote and develop the aging at low level, because
she has not understand the aging development role because has not status in the
Administrative committee.
Conclusion
Mrs. Noi has a low intention to aging developing, because the low positive
attitude to develop the aging, addition to the low role perception, low experience. low
information perception, and thought that it is the duty of Administrative committee.
Inteniew of number 5
Ivh. Rit (alias name) 64 years old, chairman of Administrative committee,
business man, high economy status, income 3,000,000 bahts/years, and the first time in
the member of Tambon Administrative Organization and the period in this status less
than I year, and educated in primary school.
He thought the aging has the worsen being than the past. Because the unequal
in their income, especially the aging has not get a wamrly by their family, their children
has a less respected to them, addition to the pressure of economic condition and
degenerate of the moral, and the society condition make the younger cannot maintain
the aging well.
He thought the aging should be have a work and participated together for
reduce their lonely, some aging has potential to make a useful for the society. Tambon
Administative Organizationonly support a little money for the poor aging, because the
Organization has a tiny budget for development, the most budget will be used in usual
expense, such as the officer salary and the material.
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Mr- Rit is a churchwarden in the temple, so that he will be usually
participated to maintain the religion. He has percept that Tambon Administative
Organization has role to develop and support the aging, but able do in a little, because
the Organizationhas not yet the completely, there has not a suggestion from the other.
Analysis
Sample behavior
Mr. rit, 64 years old, the highest educated in primary school, the chairman of
Administrative organization committee, that has time period in lower I year, and he has
a high economy status. He has experience work on the represent of the local
government such as the municipality.
Attitude to the agng development
Mr' Rit has sympathizedto the aging and percept in the society changing that
eflected to the agtng. So that the aging will be lonely, has a lack respect from their
family and society. According the aging will need in these thing, but Tambon
Administrative organization has not an ability to solve all trouble, it causes by their
family and the society construct.
Role perception
Mr. Rit has perceived the aging development role as low, because he has
perceive only support money for poor aging and manage the sprinkle water for the aging
on Songkran festival. perceive the role in the way of innovation in less.
Agrng information perception
Mr. Rit has perceived the aging information at the middle to low level. he
has some perception by a television publicize and,contact the aging directly.
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The suggestion of agrng promoting and development
Mr. Rit has suggested to the promoting and developing the aging at low
level, because has not status in the Administrative committee.
The perception of the aging's expectation
Mr. Rit has perceived the aging needed at low, because he thought the aging
need only the warm by their famill'and the money in the poor aging, never need in the
other things.
Intention of the a$ng promoting and developing
Mr. Rit has intent to promote and develop the aging at the middle to low
level. He has only push to support the money for the poor aging, and supporting the
activity of sprinkle water for the aging on Songkran festival, he has not intend to
develop in advance activity.
Conclusion
It/r. Rit has intended to develop the aging at the middle level. Because he is
an older too, but he sympathize to the aging in their trouble, low role perception, low
experience' low information perception, and thought develop the aging in give helping
in their trouble, not advantage or innovation way.
Inteniew of number 6
Mr' Tong (alias name) 34 years old, deputy of Tambon Administrative
Organization, educated in bachelor degree. He has a time in status 2 yearc,he thought
that the aging has not any more ftouble in their life, they will have a role and
participated with the society less than the past, and he think that it is a natural of the life.
And so the aging must use more money than the past, ttrejr witt be more trouble. So that
the aging will be reduce their role in society and effected to their respected.
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He has perceived and understood that Tambon Administrative Organization
has duty to develop the aging in several role. But can not do in all role, it,s potential
only supporting the money to the poor aging, md manage the sprinkle water in
Songkran festival, addition to supporting the activity that the health center do. So the
activity that innovate to the advantage of aging can not manage.
Nowadays the govemment has the policy "one product one Tambon', so that
Tambon Administrative Organizationhas think that it should use ability in weave cloth
of the aging to publicize to the other. So that the Organization will use these aging pass
on their knowledge make income for the people in Tambon.
"The committee has not often talk about the aging development, they talk
about the infrastructure building"
He thought that the mass has publicize the aging information in the less, the
information of the aging has able to know by directly contact to the aging.
In the issue of Tambon development, he thinks that the Organization has
always make only the ffiastructure, because they always aware in this way and the tiny
income of Organization. But in the future it may be has a more human development.
So that the aging must help themselves, because nowadays the society
condition is a selfish, Tambon Administrative Orgaruzation has ability only suppon
some money to poor aging, and promote to the activity that reveal the respect to the
aglng. By cause the organizationhas not ready to do the other activity.
Behavior analysis
Mr. Tong, the deputy of Tambon Administrative Organization, has a time in
this status over 4 years, so he will have experience in this status in the first time that the
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organization has set up. So he will be understood in the thought and the role of the
member of rambon Administrative organizationso well.
Attitude to the aging development
Mr' Tong has sympathized to the poor aging and percept in the society
changing that effected to the aging. So that the aging will be lonely, has a lack respect
from their family and society. But they must more helping b1. themselves because the
Organization has a tiny budget to developing.
Role perception
Mr' Tong thinks the members of Tambon Administrative Organization have
perceived the aging development role as low, they have perceive role only in tradition
role as supporting the money' or manage the sprinkle water for the aging on Songkran
festival.
Agrng information perception
Mr. Tong has perceived the aging information at the middle to low level. he
has some perception by a television publici ze andcontact the aging directly.
The suggestion of aging promoting and development
Mr' Tong thinks that the members of Tambon Administrative Organi zation
have suggested to the promoting and developing the aging at low level.
The perception of the aging expectation
Mr' Tong has perceived the aging expectation at low, because he thought the
aging need only the warm by their family and the money in the poor aging, never need
in the other things.
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Intention of the aging promoting and developing
t Mr' Tong thought the member of Tambon Administrative Organization has
intent to promote and develop the aging at the middle to low level. They only push to
support the money for the poor aging, and supporting the activity of sprinkle water for
the aging on songkran festival. They have not intended to develop in advance activity.
Conclusion
Mr' Tong thinks that the members of Tambon Administrative Organi zation
have intended to develop the aging at the middle level. They have intended by their
perception in role and the aging expectation and the begging of the other organi zation.
* So that Tambon Administrative organization will develop by these, such as provide the
money for the poor aging, manage the sprinkle water for respected reveal to the aglng
and provide the money to support the activity to the other Organi zation.
Inteniew of number 7
\dr' M (alias name) age 35, a deputy of Tarnbon Administrative organization,
highest educated in bachelor degree, has experience in this status in 5 years, he has
opinion that the aging is the human who should be respected and appreciated. But
nowadays the aging has more touble than the past, which causes by the less ofrelationship with their child and kinship. But he think it does not more effected to the
agrng life, so the aging must being by individuality. The urban aging must be decreasing
the role because the crowed of the population, which the aging who has role in societv
must be the experience, talent and authority.
He thinks that there has many the abandoned aging in Tambon , but it is the
nafi[e, it unable to be avoided. so the aging necessary to endure to the touble. perhaps
the aling should have a hobby at home, for reduce their lone. In the same time Mr. M
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perceived that Tambon Administrative Organization has duty only support the money
for the poor aging and manage the activity to respected and appreciate the aging. In the
other way the member of Tambon Administrative Organization has not intend to
develop, because Tambom Administrative Organization has not a readiness to act, such
as a person, budget. So that the members of Tambon Adminisfiative Organization has
not yet to act in this activity. And the cause of the area of his Tambon Administrative
Organizatron has located closely with the municipal are4 so that it must be essential to
make developing in alike it. Such as make a facility in street, electricity for equal to
those areas.
In Mr. M's Organization it has make a change for the aging that has an
experience and knowledge to participated in Tambon development, such as the
retirement offrcer. By a normal aging has not an oppornrnity.
Analysis
The urban Tambon Administrative Organization will have the aging who has
retired in status of consultant, reveal that Tambon Administative Organization has
develop the aging to publicize their knowledge and experience to help society
development. The otherwise the poor aglng has develop by support the money and
manage the activity to reveal the respected and appreciated to the aging in Songkran
festival.
Attitude to the agrng development
Mr. M has perceived that the aging has degenerate in biological, the aging
must be lonely in the society condition, and they should perceive in their limit because
it is a nature of life.
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Role perception
Mr. M thinks the members of Tambon Administrative Organization have
perceived the aging development role as low. thelr [au" perceived role only in tradition
role as supporting the money, or manage the sprinkle water for the aging on Songkran
festival.
The suggestion of agrng promoting and development
I\ft. M thinks that the members of Tambon Administrative Organizrtion
have suggested to the promoting and developing the aging at low level.
The experience in aging development
Mr. M has intent to develop the aging in the same activity that practiced in
daily year, such as supporting the money, or manage the sprinkle water for the aging on
Songkran festival.
Conclusion
Tambon Administrative Organization has intend to develop the aging in the
activi$ that use to act in the past year, in the urban the aging which retired from the
officer has participated in the development, and they has intent to develop the aging in
defensive in the trouble. By the aglng trouble has importance less than the infrastructure
developing.
The aging interviews
The aging no 1
Mr. Rung (alias name) 67 years, married, high educate in high secondary
school and occupation in agriculturist, income 120,000 baht/year, 2 daughter and I son
and married already. Now he stays with the second daughter who is the government
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offtcer and the economic status at the middle level, or so rvell if compare with the
neighborhoods.
Mr' Rung has intent to retired from the work in agriculturist in the next year,
because the degenerate of his biological, and he has a firm economy, in the next year he
will has income amount 60,000 bahts/year from the farmland rental. He thinks that able
to alive because he has money supporting from his child added, and the rural has not
been an expense on the cost of living.
He has not plan to work in the future, only the tiny work, such as earning in a
fighting cock provider, growth the vegetable and earning in a fishery. The other he has
not intent to do yet.
He thinks that the young generation has respected and appreciated the aging
in the less, because the changing in society condition, that makes the more selfish
human and the condition of individualism that make the conflict in society. So the aging
has more abandoned from their child, because the pressure of the economy. So that the
aging must work a hobby for decrease the lone and the tension.
In his community, IvIr. Rung has always participated in community
development, such as the committee in the village fund, the committee of the
cooperative societyity. As he has a happiness to help a village, and essential to manage
for the growth of village.
He has expected to the special health care service in sometime, because his
health has yet strongly condition, and expected to occupation supporting in the way ofbasketry.
In conclusion, he has implied that Tambon Administrative organization has
not emphasized to the aging development, it emphasizes to develop in the infrastructure.
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Conclusion
The sfongly aging has expected.to have a work or a hobby for added income
for them and family. The potential aging will have participated with the community by
being in the committee of the village, that decrease the lonely and the rural aging has
not an expense in the cost of living.
The aging no.2
'Mrs. Dang (alias name) 79 years old, widow and not earning in occupation,
she has 3 children that manied and separated already. Now she has stay with the family
of her poor son, which usually stay at the farm. Mrs. Dang has usually sickness and
usually treated by buy drug from a shop in a village, or cure by the nurse in village.
Mrs. Dang has opinion that the life must fight and help by sel{ therefor it will
be a load duty of the child. She earn by domesticate hen and pig that able make the
income to her amount 10,000 per 5 years, addition to growth the vegetable for sustain
her life in daily.
Her son has not an enough income to sustain the family, because their product
has cheap price, he will work so hardlyJor sustain family.
Mrs. Dang has perceived that her child has a less time to maintain her,
because they must work hard. She thinks the child are still respected to her but the
economic pressure make them to has a less time to do, but a grandchild has not believe
her, so she has related to the neighbor only l-2 person and think that the other has not
respected her.
Mrs. Dang want go to the temple in every holy day, but she has a weak
physical, she can not go to the temple by self, except the big holy day that her son can
lead hers. In the expectation of her life, she need her son to has a better economy than
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now, because if they has a better economy that the.v will has a ability to maintain her so
well.
She has not expected to the special helping from Tambon Administrative
Organization, because she has a helping in money already. She need only the health
care from the health offrcer.
Conclusion
The poor aging will has more trouble in their life, especially the aging that
has a decline health and has abandoned by their family. They has expected to the
warmly on family, the child can bring them to the temple. And expect Tambon
Administrative Organization develop the economic sector to family and society for the
complete of life.
The aging interview number 3
Mr. Boon (alias name) age 65, the government officer retirement, he has an
income 8,000 baht per month, addition the money from his son amount 3,000 bahts per
years. Now he has live with his wife and one grandson, which his son has left for him to
maintain.
ln the 2 years past, he has suggested to apply for the member of Tambon
Administative Organization, but he has not elected. Nowadays he has duty in maintain
the grandson and bring up the animal in his home. Because of -Mr. Boon has more
experience in working, so he has the respected'from the people in community. So that
he has participated to consult in the village development for the member of Tambon
Adminisrative Organization, Kamnan and the headman of village. So he has
appreciated on himself, not lonely because the activity and the respected to them.
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Mr. Boon has an opinion that the aging has a decrease maintain from their
children and the people in commune, because they has a less time and the pressure of
economic condition. The aging has a less respected from them because the kinship has
less than the past, the community has blow out, competition and selfish in oneself. The
human has not respected all together, the same to the child that has not respect to the
aging. The poor aging will have more trouble, has a hard life too much.
ln the opinion of aging supporting and agrng developing, he has agree with
the poor aging developing in the way supporting the occupation for income added to
them. So should select the appropriated occupation to the aging.
In addition he has strongly agree with the activity of sprinkle water to the
aging on Songkran festival, and the same time it should act to the priest and the Buddha
image. He has offered to integrate all activity in to the one, because the migration
people will be satisfied to cerebrate, which makes sympathy to the community.
He thinks the religion activity has importance to the aglng mind, the aging has intend to
htild on the principle of Buddha in the mind, so the temple will make the faith to the
people especially the aging.
He thinks that Tambon Administative Organization has not ready to develop
the aging, it will has a supporting by the human and the Orgarnzation in community, the
agng has essential to develop in mind especially. So that Tambon Organization should
support the other Organization in aging development, such as occupation development
in the poor aging, or act the activity that reveal the respected to them.
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Conclusion
The aging that had retired from the government offtcer which has a
knowledge and experience in the work. They need a respected from the other by
panicipate to the development activiq', which will make the satisfied in mind for them.
2.2 the qualitative research conclusion
2.2.1 the results of inteniew the duty and the members of Tambon
Administrative O rganization.
The study in "the intention of aging supporting and aging development of the
member of Tambon Administrative Organiz-ation" by in-dept interview to the member
and the deputy of Tambon Administrative Organization amount 7 numbers. ThatI
components with 3 numbers of administrative commiltee, 2 members of Tambon
Administrative Organization council and 2 deputy of Tambon Administrative
Organization. This for consideration with the factors that related to the intention of
aging supporting and aging development, and addition to in-dept interview to the 3
aging, for perceive to their trouble and their developed expectation. For bring the result
to discussion with the quantitative research, the result has details as follow;
I Age
The qualitative research found that the most of sample has age at 40-60
years, the most has already married, so they will be readiness to work in Tambon
Administrative Organization role. From the interview found the samples have attitude
that the aging has decrease maintenance. Some aging has a trouble in the being because
they have poor economic. Almost has intent to develop the aging in similar, by want to
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the aging family has reveal the respected by take activity to sprinkle water for the aglng
in Songkran festival, and aim to provide the budget to support the poor aging. So this
research may conclude that the factor of the age has not a difference in the intention of
aging development.
Sex
The qualitative research found that, the female sample has the less than the
male, there have two females and five males. The result found that all male and female
have attitude to the agtng in not difference, as the society should be respected to the
aging which the human who is a favor for society and so it is a society tradition.
Nowadays the aging has a decrease maintain to the aging, because the pressure of the
economic, it's effected to the agrng, as the aging will have lonely in their life, addition
the poor aging will have more trouble. So that all female and male will have a
perception in aging expected in the szrme, as the expectation in poor aging helping and
wanted to the management of the sprinkle water to reveal the respected for the aging. So
that the sampleo both male and female will have intent to develop the aging in that two
issues, as provide the budget to support the poor aging and set the sprinkle water
activity to the aging for the people in society has opportunity to respect the aging. So in
this study can not proof that, the female has more intention of aging development than
the male.
Occupation
The qualitative research has found that the sample, which occupies in the
agriculturist, will have sympathized to the houble aging more than the other occupation.
Because they has live in a rural community that has not a crowed people as the urban,
and the people in the rural will live in the pattern of kindred, they usually has a closely
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relationship with the aging, and opporfunity to know the aging trouble than the other.
Because the other has not time to contact the aging in closell'. So the agriculturist willt
has sympathizeto the aging, more than the other else.
Education level
The qualitative research found that, the 5 samples has educated in the several
levels, by 2 samples has educated on primar;' school, 2 samples has educated on
secondar;r school and I sample has educated on bachelor degree. The difference
education level has not a difference attitude to the aging, as the whole has sl,rnpathized
to the trouble aging, that the aging has more trouble than the past. So that the wholes
has viewed to the aging development in the dimension of give help more than the
advance development. Conclusion as the difference education has not a difference of
aging development intention.
The time period in status
The qualitative research found that, there have 2 members that have a time
period over 5 years, 2 members have a time period 1-2 years, and 1 member has a time
period less than I years. The result found that the whole sample has the attitude to the
aging in the selme, as the whole though that the aging has a touble than the past, more
lonely, because the decreasing of the maintenance of the family, and some has a poor
family. So that the whole sample will have the same intention to solve and develop the
aging.
Attitude to the aglng development
The sample attitude has derived by a perception and an understood on the
condition, cause, trouble effected and the needed of the aging. That effected to perceive
in the method, and understood in the useful of the trouble solving and development. So
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that the intention of aging development will
direction.
The aging exPected PercePtion
M.Ed. (Population Education) / I 17
has related to the attitude on positive
The interviews found that the aging expected perception is harmony with the
aging trouble perception of the members of Tambon Administrative organization, and
affected to intention to the agrng development in several methods. So in the qualiUfive
found that the intention of aging development is depend on the perception in the aging
trouble, their expectation and the method to solve. By that the sample who have more
perception in agrng expectation will has more intention to develop aging too.
Status
The Tambon Administative committee will have perceive in the role, and
method to develop the aging more than the member of a Tambon Administrative
Organization council. Because the administrator committee has a duty to manage the
developed planning, they must learn all roles and all method in the development'
Addition the oppornrnity to participated in the meeting and the training in the several
occasions. Also the status has force them to show the developed result to the
commgnity. So the administator committee will have a intention of aging development
more than the member of Tambon Administrative Organization council.
The educated and practiced in the religion
The in-dept interview found that, the sample which has a high educated and
practiced in religion principal will had more understood in the teaching of Buddh4
sympathize in the aging than the low. They have opinion that, nowadays the human has
a lack of moral, degenerate in the spirihral mind. That effected to the lack of the favor to
the other, lack of the sympathized to atl together, addition to the aging. So that the high-
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educated ,*,ill has opinion that. the aging should have an increasing maintenance from
the family and the other in society. So that they u'ill have a more intention of develop
the aging than the other. Because they has opinion that, the principle of religion has
essential to construct the sympathized human resource' and made the respect and the
wann to the aging.
The information PercePtion
Thequalitativeresearchhasfoundthat,thesamplehasnotadifferencein
information perception in clearly, b1' that the most have perceived aging information by
contact the aging directly, they has a little aging information from the mass media as a
television and a radio. But in the sample who have more participated with the aglng
information wilr have the more aging touble and solve methods perception and addition
to the more intention too'
The aging development role perception
Thequalitativeresearchfoundthat,thesamplewhohasahighrole
perception able to understood the aging trouble, method to solve problem as well' more
than the low. Also they has able to intent to develop the aging, under the role perception
that theY have.
The suggestion to develop the aging
Thequatitativeresearchfoundthat,almostthesamplehasalittlesuggestion
to develop the agrng, and not difference between the group' except the once sample that
has opportunity to work together with the non-goveulment organization' Almost has
suggested only begged the budget supported from the other organization' such as the
health center. So that the suggestion of aglng development has not effected to the
intention of aging development in this study'
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The experience in aging development
The qualitative research found that the most sample have experience in aging
development in some usual activity that made in every year' some sample has high
experience in the past, but he has a decrease intention in now' because he failed in the
last experience. so that the sample who has a usually experience in some activity will
have intent to develop in that usual activity, but the high experience will has a decrease
intention. Almost intent to the easy activity and has relationship on the negative
direction with the exPerience'
Income
The qualitative research found that, the high-income sample has opinion to
develop the growth of economy than the aging development' Because they thought that
Tambon Administative Organization has not enough money to develop the aging in
sufficiency, the most must use in a usual expense, such as officer salary' So that that the
duty of aging development must be the duty of the other'
Intention of aging develoPment
The qualitative research found that, the whole samples intent to support and
develop the aging into 2 activity. As support the budget to the poor aging' who has not
supported from Bureau of society welfare, and manage the water sprinkle to the aging in
Songkran festival that usual manage every years' Addition to support the budget to the
area organi zation,such as the health center to manage the aging developed activity' A
little sample intent to set the occupation group, an exercise activity.
The most has not intent to develop aging in the advance activity' such as
supporttheagingtoparticipatedinsocietydevelopment,excepttheretiredofficerorthe
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authorized aging thal able to make a useful for organization in directly, by invited to be
a consultant. But the normal aging has not an opportunity to do.
The result of aging interviewed
The aging interviewed has able to conclude in the several issues as follow:
The general data
The aging who had interviewed is 2 male and 1 female, the 2 male is the
begin aging, the middle economy and able to act in daily activity- But the female aging
is the poor and degenerate in her body, a little helping in herself.
The aging trouble
o All aging have decrease maintenance from their family, because the
economic pressgre and the degenerate in society moral. Some aging has a income
trouble.
All of them have a lonely felling, especially the aging who has a degenerate
in body, the aging who able act in daily and have a knowledge, an ability and an
experience has able to act in several activity to decrease the lonely for them'
Development needed
All of the aging have a difference needed, the poor need the economy
helping for their family and make a warmly to them. The ability aging need participate
with the community, by participate in the member of the committee in village for
decrease the lone. ln the same time all of them'need be respected from the human.
The aging has not a special expected to develop for them. Because they has
not believe in the potential and role of Tambon Administrative Organization in aging
development, so that they has expected in the economic development in specially.
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CHAPTER V
DISCUSSION
This research purposes to study the level of the intention to promote and
develop the aging of the members of Tambon Administative Organization, and study
the factors that relate to the intention to promote and develop the aging. The result has
a discussion as follow;
1. Intention to promote and develop aglng
The result found that, in the quantitative research the sample have intent to
promote and develop the aging at the middle, by the most (added among the strongly
intent and intent) have emphasize intent to promote and develop the aging by manage
in the healthy welfare for the aging sector. The most (77.5%) have intend to manage
the free treatnent for aging, and intent to support the health Organization set up the
special clinic for the agrng (69.6%). Those are har:nony with the results of the
qualitative research, such as the sarrrple consideration that the aging is easy to
sickness, essential to insurance treatrnent, they should be helped in fee and cost of
fieatrnent welfare. But the sarnple have belief as the agrng were get a helping by the
Ministry of Heatth already, addition to the policy of insurance for all nowadays, so
that the sample will have thought that the aging were have an appropriated and
sufficient in healthy welfare already.
The next belowo the sample have intend to do the activities that reveal the
respected and gratefulness to the aging, and intend to support the activities of aglng
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collecting for exchange a information for all them in sequence. By the quantitative
research found that, the most (68.9Yo) have intend to fight, recover the tradition and
the culture that reveal the aging respected and aging grateful in some festival, such as
the sprinkle water in Songkran festival. And the most (88.9Vo) have intended to
support the activity of aging collecting. Similarity with the qualitative research that
reveal, the most have intended to support the activity of aging collecting, such as the
aging assembly. According to most of Tambon Administrative Organization have
support the budget for the aging assembly in health center and plans to support a
budget in sprinkle water activity for respect and grateful to the aglng on Songkran
festival.
The next below, the most (53.4%) have intended to set up a firnd for
supporting the poor aging, but the qualitative research found ttrat, the sample have
belief that only some aging have a trouble in economic because of poor family and
haven't supported a fund from government. So that the sample have plan to providing
the budget for the poor aging, addition to the supporting from the government.
The otherwise, most of the sample (46.3%) have intend to develop the aging
in occupation supporting and aging education at low level (46.3%o and 49.0%o in
sequence) and the same supporting the agmg to publicize their knowledge and their
experience to the people (49.5%). Those are similar with the qualitative research
because The sample has {ougtt that the aging has supported by their family in
sufficiently, and a little poor aging, Tambon Administrative Organization have provide
the budget for them already. In the occupation supporting, the sample have a little
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intention because some of sample use to faild in experience, and its'
methods are hard to accomplish.
The furttrermore. the sample have intend to support the aging in publicize on
their knowledge and their experience at the low level, because the sample have
thought that the knowledge and experience of the aging is outrnoded, the people
haven't needed to perceive on their knowledge. Except the knowledge of the
retirement government officer that they yet has a knowledge, ability and authority and
the most Tambon Administrative Organization have already use all them to
participated in Tambon development directly
In the qualitative research by in-dept interview the result found that the
sample have opinion that the whole aging have not essential to development, except
some poor aging. So that the sample have intend to develop the aging in the simple
activity and usualty do activities similar with the past. Because of they have thought
that the simple agrng development activity must be sympathy with the aging, their
family and other member of Tambon Administative Organization and will easier to be
successful.
In conclusion this research seek that, the members of Tambon
Adminisfiative Organization have opinion to the aging development in defensive way,
they not see the aglng development in advance procedure. So that they will be only
developed the aging in the simple method, only solving in trouble condition or the old
model such as grve the money for the poor aging, act the water sprinkle activity in
Songkran day. The samples haven't intended to develop the aging in a innovation
activity or the advantage. activity, such as the educational and the occupation
development. So that it may be conclude that the members of Tambon Administrative
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Organization have intend to developed the aging at the middle level, because they
have intend to developed the aging in simple activity, not complexity. But in the
complexity activity, innovated activity and made a long useful, they haven't intended
to do or at low intention.
The sample have intend at the middle level because of the lack in the
understood on details of aging development, and they haven't see in the useful of
aging development and nou'adays the aging had brush up by the health center, the
bureau of social welfare and non-government Organization already. Addition to in the
time of data collecting in this thesis, the duties of aging maintenance have not transfer
to Tambon Administrative Organization yet That the members of Tambon
Adminisnative Organization haven't confident to this duties, so they will hesitate to
do in these activity.
The cause of the members of Tambon Administative Organi ntionintend to
develop the human resource especially the aging in less, it may be an affected from the
national social and economic development planning concept that implants Thai people
to farniliar with discourse of the economy development. Addition to the current of
capitalism and consumerism that spreads to all rural areas, it makes Thai people hold
on the economic development especially. Although the concept of human resource
development has begun visibly in the 8s national social and economic development,
but it may be use so long time to implant this concept to the mind of Thai people
added the members of Tambon Administrative Organization. The once because the
members of Tambon Adminishative Organization have a political status, they will
make works to response the needed of the people who had elected them. Their works
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that can be catch sight to the people in the short time such as steet, a water supply and
electricity, etc.
The same to the result of the qualitative researches found that almost aging
have a lack of the power and the brave mind to propose their needs to Tambon
Administrative organization although the organization have readiness response to
their propose. By that in the aging interview found that the aging have a trouble in the
lonely by the work retirement, an abandoned and the less respected.
The furthermore, the aging who have yet the strongly body, they wanted to
have a hobby for relief their lone. The experienced agrng has needed to participate
with the community development, but the poor aglng needed to the economy helping
for them and family. ln the moment, the aging has thought that Tambon
Administrative Organization has not a duty to brush up the agrng directly, so they has
not needed Tambon Administrative Organizatlon to develop them in specially'
because the Organi zat\onhas not a potential and a role to do. So that the agmg has not
expected to the developing for them especially, the Organiz-ation has duty and
potential to develop in the economy and infrastructure' All these reason cause to
intention of aging development has low and in defensive way.
2. The factors that related with the intention of aglng development
The analysis to find the factors that related to ttre intention of aging
deveroping and supporting found tha! there are g factors rerated to the intention of
aglng development. Such as attitude to aging development, percepion in aging
expectation, occupation, status, the educated and practiced in religion' the role
perception, the experienced in aging development, ild income' The researcher has
implied as follow.
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2.1 Attitude to aging supporting and development
The quantitative research revealed the attitude to the aging development has
a relationship with the intention to aging development in positive direction and
significant at 0.05. It harmonious with the research assumption, and has the most
effected to the intention. It indicates that if the member of Tambon Administrative
Organization have more positive attitude to the aging development, so they will be
more intention to develop the aging more too. The result is harmonious with the theory
of reason action (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1990: 80-91) which imply that the attitude in
mind is the once component that influence to the human intention. assumption that
human's behavioral are depend upon their performance intention by using rational and
in formations. And the man will consider the outputs of that performance before
decide to do or not. So that if we instuct the member of Tambon Administrative
Organization has a good attitude to aging development, they will have more intention
to develop the aging too. Conclusion that the variable oi attitude to aging development
has influence to the intention of aging development.
The furthermore in the qualitative research found that, most of the sample
has attitude in sympathize with the aging trouble. They has perceived in the aging
houble that, the aging has a lack of brush up by their family, cause the economic
pressure and the competition'social, the other generation has a clecrease respected to
the aging. But the member has thought there are a few poor aging, the most of aging
has not an economic trouble. So the interview found that the sample has intend to
support the money for the poor aging who has not been helping by the bueau of social
welfare, and intend to act the sprinkle water to the aglng on Songkran festival. In
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addition to provide the budget to support the collecting activity for the aging that
proposes by the health center.
As the same time found the most of the sample has opinion that the other
development such as the occupation developing, education-developing etc. are the
complexity, must used the specialist and use in more budget. It may not worthy for act,
and so the few officers have a limited in knowledge and ability. ln addition to the most
opinion that this duty has not clearly transfer. So the sample has intend to develop on
their attitude which in defensive way, only solve to the facing touble, supporting the
activity that the social and the members have slrnpathy, such as support the money to
the poOr aging, manage the sprinkle water to the aging on Songkan festival. And
leave the complex activity.
2.2The perception of aging expectation
The result found that the perception of aging expectation has a relatibnship
with the intention to aging development in positive direction and significant at 0.05. It
harmonious with the research assumption and effected to the intention in the second
and nearly the attitude. It indicates that if the members of Tambon Administative
have more perceive in aging expectation, effected to more the intention of aging
development too. The furthermore the qualitative research found that the perception in
agmg expectation has closely to the intention to act in the development activity, such
as the member perceive that the aging needed to the money supporting, the closely
health service, the respected from the childhood. It effected to the intention of aging
development on these perceptions, such as provide the budget for poor aging, and
manage the sprinkle water to the agrng in Songkran festival.
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The results are harmonious with the Theory of multiple factor of decision-
making and social action, which implied that the human will decision making and
behave on the perception of the other human, a group or the social expectation. So in
this research may conclusion as, the intention of aging development and supporting of
the member of Tambon Administrative Organization has depend on the perception in
the aging expectation.
2.3 Status in the organization
The result has found that the member of Tambon Administrative committee
has more intend to develop and support the aging than the member of Tambon
Administrative council, significant at 0.05 and harmonious with the research
assumption. The result has imply by the role theory that status and role are related
together, the human must act the role that depend on the expectation in status, the
human will perceive in roll and behave in the commitnrent of the status. So the
members of Tambon Administrative Organization, whose have status in the
administration committee must to act on their role. And they will be leam and perceive
in the role especially the role to develop the aging, more than the member of Tambon
Administative council. And effected to more intention of aging development too.
The qualitative research found that the member of Adminisfiative
commiffee will be perceived in the role of aglng development more than the member
of Tambon Administative council. Because ttrey have a duty to plan and manage to
Tambon development in the all dimension, so they will tell the means and the method
of aging development so well. Because this status has opportunity to contact and
participated with the Organization that has a role to develop aglng, by the neither has
not opportunity that. In addition to the in-dept interview found that, the member of
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Tambon Administrative Organization council has thought that the administration
t committee has duty to plan the development, they has not duty to do. So that the
member of Administrative committee will has more intention to develop the aging
more than the member of Tambon Administrative Organization council. So the
variable of the status in Tambon Administrative Organization will has effected to the
intention of aging development on this study.
2.4 Occupation
The result found the member of Tambon Administrative Organization who
is the agriculturist has more intention to develop the aging than the other, significant at
0.05 that harmonious with the research assumption. The result may be imply that the
agriculturist has a pattem life of a rural condition, closely to the nature, kinship and
able to perceive and understand the aglng touble more than the other occupation.
Such as the business, employee and the othero which has a pattem in an individualism
and capitalism than the agriculnuist, so the agriculturist will have a favor mind to the
human than the other.
In the in-dept interview found that, the agriculturist will has a more time to
contact the people in community more than the other occupation, cause to understand
in the aging touble in all time and perceive the aging is a kin in mind. So they have
think that Tambon Administative Organization essential to help-the aging, otherwise
the other occupation will look to the aging development as a role in law, and this duty
has not a worth on economy dimension. So they will act in the simple aglng
development.
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2.5 The education and practices in religion
The result found that the variable of educated and practiced in religion has
related to the intention of aging development on positive direction and significant at
0.05, it is harmonious with the research assumption. The result can imply that the
ideology of the Buddha religion, which principal of Thai people has teach the child
has duty to maintain and respected to their parent. By hold the gratefulness which the
symbol of a good, the same time has condemn the human who has not gratefulness to
the parent as bad. (Panee ChanaThipakorr\ 1997:69)
Santikaro Piku, Pra Suteerayan, Pra sripariyatmoli and et al (1999: 183-
20S) imptied to the religious ideology in social society that would made believed to
the social constnrction, as effected to diary human practiced. The religiously ideology
all together mean to the imagination, worldviews, values and norms, that refer to the
goodness standard, the graceful and the real, that the goal of the life. Those all make
the people do not involve with the power of the subjectivism, and don't involve the
power of the anger. That makes the people to practice in the middle way, by the
principle of the moral, concentration and intellection, and makes the friendship to all
the people in community. Thus as it's possible to use the principle of the religion to be
the base development of the Adminisfiative Organization societyo that make the person
to be a sympathy to more develop a human than develop economy.
The results of qualitative research found that the sample that has always
practiced and educated in religion will.have more understand in the principal of
Buddha and more sympathize to the aglng touble than the other. They think that the
trouble of the aging has occurred by the degenerate in moral of the people. So the
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effectiveness of aging development must addition the moral to the people in social" so
that they will be intent to develop the aging more than the other.
2.6 The perception in aging development role
The quantitative research found that the perception in aging development
role has related to the intention of aging development on positive direction and
significant at 0.05. It reveals that if the member of Tambon Administrative
Organization has more perceive and understand in the aging development role, they
will more intend to develop the aging too. The result can be explained by the role
theorl' (Supata Supap was quoted in Siriporn Siratanang, 1996: 10-l l), which imply
that a human will perform in the role as well, that depend on an individual perception
in role. That's the psychology procedure, which the perception would make a person
translate the role in difference. The surme as the intention of aging development that
depends on the perception in aging development role.
The results similar and sfiengthens with the qualitative research, which
found that the sample has an intention of aging development depend on the understood
and the percepion in role of aging development. The furtherrnore, the sample who has
more intent to develop the aging will has understood on the details of the aglng
development method more too.
2.7 The experience in aging development
The result found that the experience in agrng development has relate to the
intention of aging development on negative direction, and significant at 0.05. The
result reveals that if the member of Tambon Administrative Organizationthat has high
experience, he will has an intention of aging development in the directly opposite.
This can explain with the development concept of the institute of culture (Chattip
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Natsupa. ?000: 210-213: Apichat Tongyoo, 1984: 151-165). Which imply that the
condition of practice and the social learning have made the action reflection. and
effected to a thought, an attitude and a practice to the thing in difference. So that the
difference in the experience of aging development will have the intention of aging
development in differ too. But the study found that the member of Tambon
Administrative Organization, who has more experience he has the intention on directly
oppose. The result can explain by the qualitative research that found that, the member
'*'ho has a high experience in the aging development, in the other defensive and
advance way. He has failed in their experience, so that he will be discourage because
the several problem. According to the failed, he will be careful to consideration for act
the aging development for the effectiveness in the future.
The results can be stengthen by Cronbach' s behavior theory (cited by
Suchada Boonprasop, 1996 19) that say to the component of consequence that will be
confirm or contradict, and effected to the reaction to thwarting. Which meaning to, if a
human has not response on needed, he will hopeless and back to translate the status
and select new response method.
2.8Income
The results found that the income has related on negative direction to the
intention of aging development. The quantitative research has found that, the sample
who has a high income and wealthy will have intent to develop the aging indirectly
opposite. It reveals that if the member of Tambon Administrative Organization has a
high income, he will has intent to develop aging in less. That causes the implant of the
conceptual of economic development which emphasize to the develop income added.
So that the member of Tambon Administrative Organization will has opinion that the
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"nt*to*human development has not importancelf compare with the economic development,
especially the aging development, the sample may be opinion that not worthy for
economic dimension. Because the aging is the last age of the population, it has not
enough useful for economic development if compare with the other groups. By the
quantitative result has found that, the most sample $a.9%) has though that, the aglng
development has not a worttry in economy dimension if compare with the other
$oups. The same as the most (40.7%) has agree with the aging is the human which
has a less worthy because the less ability in economic development. Also the
qualitative research found that" the sample which are wealthy will intent to develop the
aging in low, because he has opinion that the aging development is the second duty in
role of Tambon Administrative Organization, and the aglng development has a
valueless, and not useful for all people. Addition to the income of the Organization has
not adequate for Tambon development, which has essential to develop the
infrastructgre than the aging. By this cause effected to the relationship on negative
direction with the intention of aging development.
3. The factors that not related to the intention of aging development
The result has found that there are 5 factors that have not related to the
intention of aging development, such as age, education level, the period time in the
status, the suggestion to develop and support the aging and the information perception,
that explain follow as;
3.1Age
The quantitative research found tha! age of the member of Tambon
Administrative Organization has not a relationship with the intention of aging
development and aging supporting. The result has harmonious with the qualitative
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Chatchai-vakarn Suknarin Discussion i 134
research bf in-dept interview. which found that the difference age sample has not a
difference in attitude to the aging trouble. information perception, aging development
role perception and the aging expected perception. By the most sample has perceive
that the whole aging have not a terrible trouble, but the little has a poor. The aging has
a lonell, in the totality because the decreasing of the maintenance from their children,
so that almost member of Tambon Administrative Organization has only intent to
support the money to the poor aging. and manage the activity of water sprinkle for
reveal the respected to all aging. By conclusion the age variable has not relationship
with the intention of aging development.
3.2 Education level
The quantitative research found that the education level of the member of
Tambon Administrative Organization has not relationship with the intention of aging
supporting and development. It can imply with the qualitative research that found as
the difference education of sample has not effected to the attitude to the aging trouble,
information perception, aging development role percepion and the aging expected
perception, the all have not difference in those things. The most has perceived that the
wholes of aging have not a terrible touble, but the little has poor. The aging has a
lonely in the totality because the decreasing of the maintenance from their children, so
that almost member of Tambon Administrative Organization has only intent to support
the money to the poor aging, and manage the activity of water spnnkle for reveal the
respected to all aging. By conclusion the education level variable has not relationship
with the intention of aging development.
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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 135
3.3 The Period time in the status
The quantitative research found that the difference period time in status of
the sample has not a difference the intention of aging development, and aging
supporting, it may cause by they has not a enough differ in the period time because
Tambon Administrative Organization has the age amount 2-5 years. So this variable
will has not variation. Also the qualitative research found that the difference time
period has not effected to the perception of the aging trouble, information perception,
aging development role perception and the aging expected perception. So the
difference period time in status of the sample has not a difference the intention of
aging development.
3.4 The suggestion of aging development
The quantitative research found that the sample that has a difference
suggestion of aging development has not a difference on intention of aging
development. This can explain that, the quantitative research has found the most
sample (72.1%) has perceive a suggestion of aging developing at the middle, so that
the whole sarnple will have not a dif[erence suggestion and has not effected to the
intention of aging development in difference in this study. But the qualitative research
found the sample, which has a suggested to develop the aging, by relation with the
non-govemment Organization, which works in the social development. This sample
will have a supporting by them, such as the suggestion and the budget to develop the
aging. And effected to that sample has intention of aging development more than the
members who has not relationshiP.
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknann Discussion / 136
3.5 Information PercePtion
The quantitative research found that. the difference information perception
has not the difference intention of aging development. It may explain that because the
sample has not perceive the aging information in differ, by it found that the most
sample (67.2%) has perceive in aging information at the middle. So that the whole
sample will have not a difference information and has not effected to the intention of
aging development in difference in this study. But the qualitative research found that,
although the sample has a difference in information perception, they has not a
difference in all affitude, the aging expectation, ild so the intention of aging
development too.e
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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 137
CHAPTER VI
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The research "The intention to promote and develop the aging of the
members of Tambon Administrative Organization in Phitsanulok province" objective
to study the level and the factors that relate to the intention to promote and develop the
aging of the members of Tambon Administrative Organization.
The sample in this research is the members of Tambon Administrative
Organization in Phitsanulok province, the instrument that use collect data has 2 pattern
as the quantitative instrument has employ to 408 samples, and the qualitative
instrument has employ to l0 samples. The researcher has collected data on I - 30
April 2001 by interview the sample, as the instrument was base on principle and
theory, that has agreement from the thesis committee.
To analyze the quantitative dat4 the researcher has analyze by descriptive
statistic to set up the group of data for explain the characteristic of sample, and
conclude the characteristic ofthe independent and dependent variables, as frequency
distribution, percentage, mean and standard deviation. And use a inferential statistic
for test the Pearson product moment correlation, for analyze level and direction of the
relationship between independent and dependent variable, according to take the
multiple regtession analysis for analyze and set up level of relationship, set up in and
out independent variable by stepwise method. For analyze the qualitative data, use the
content analysis method, to analyze all individual and total. Then conclude issue of the
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Conclusion and Recommendation / 138
factors that relate with the intention to promote and develop the aging of the member
of Tambon Administrative Organization, then discuss the qualitative research for
strenglhen the quantitative research. for more clearly of the research result.
Conclusion
1. The characteristic of the sample
The sample in this research is the 408 members of Tambon Administrative
Organization. As the most is male (84 %) and 35 - 52 years old (67.2%), the average
is 43 years old. The most had educated in primary school, secondary and the
occupation certificate (47 .5% and 43.5% in sequence), the most (66.9%) has occupy in
agriculturist, and the less have status in the Administrative committee (27.9%). The
most (80.6%) has income 15,000 - 115,000 bahts per year, by the average ate 65,750
bahts. And almost has been the member of Tambon Administative Organization
amount 1-4 years.
2,Intention to promote and develop the aging
The result found that, the most of the member of Tambon Adminisfative
Oiganization (68.a%) intent to promote and develop the aging at the middle level. As
follow;
The quantitative research, the most of the sample (77.5%) intent to support
the whole aging to get free treatment welfare, but in the quality research found thaf the
sample has believed that the govemment has policy to manage the health welfare for
the aging already. So that the sample has believe that the aging has supported in
sufficient.
The next below, the sample (68.90/o) has intent to fight and recover the
tradition and cultue which reveal to respect and gratefulness to the aging in the
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Fac. of Grad. Studies, MahidolUniv. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 139
several opporhmity, as Songkran festival, Mother day. The next below (53.2%) has
intent to support budget for the poor aging, the same as the result of quality research
that reveal as mosr of the sample has intent to make these activity in highest.
3. The factors relate to the intention of aging supporting and developing
The result reveal that, the 8 factors from 15 factors have affected to the
intention of aging promoting and aging development of the members of Tambon
Administrative Organization in Phitsanulok Province. Those factors are the attitude to
aging developing, the perception in aging expectation, status in Organization,
occupation, the training and practical in religion, the perception in aging development
role has related to the intention of aging promoting and aging development on positive
direction, high to low level in sequence. In the other hand the experience of aging
development and income factors has relationship with the intention of aging
promoting and aging developmenl on negative direction by high to low level in
sequence. According to all variables have implied the deviation to the intention of
aging supporting and aging development at 36.3 % @ = 0.363)
In the other way, there are 7 factors have not relationship with the intention
of aging promoting and aging developing, those are sex, age, educated level, period
time in status and the perception of aging information.
Recommendation from this research
The results found that, the member of Tambon Administrative Organization
has intent to support and develop the aging at middle level. So that the Organization
that related to promote and develop aging should consider the method to persuade the
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Conclusion and Recommendation / 140
member of Tambon Administrative Organization has more intention to perform the
activit)'to aging promoting and supporting.
The results found that. the intention of aging development and aging
promoting has the most positive direction relationship with the attitude to the aging
development and the perception in aging expectation. (Beta = 0.325 and 0.324 in
sequence) it reveal that. the psychology factor or the factor of ideology is the most
essential thing that related to the intention of aging development. By the result seek
that, the intention of aging development is depend on the detail attitude to the aging
trouble, the method to solve trouble, and so depend on the perception of aging
expectation.
Most of the sample has attitude to the aging as, the human who should has
brush up by give the helping way, because the aging has be a degenerate in all of the
body, mind and social, addition to the outmoded of their knowledge and their
experience. The most sample believe that, the aging potential supporting and agng
developing has not a worth in economy dimension, and the most has perceive the
aging expectation in the way to give the helping to them in essential. So the members
of Tambon Administrative Organization will have intention to give the helping to the
trouble aging by these reasons.
For the result, the organization that related to aging supporting and aging
development should manage to implant the aging development intention, as follow;
l. Should construct the right knowledge and right attitude in the agmg
trouble.to the member of Tambon Administrative Organization, by emphasize to make
understand to the agng trouble, that effected to the aging, their family and social.
Addition to the effect to the structural impac! it should be explain to the aging
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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 141
development role, if neglect to aging trouble, it will be a retard to the national social
and economic development. And will be make the attitude that the aging has potential
to make a useful to the social and the national by direct or indirect ways, the aging has
not want to a get helping only a money? or manage the water splashing to them in
Songkan festival. The aging has essential and need to be developing in the creation
way, such as the education development, the occupation developing for the useful in a
long time in the future.
2. The result found that, the intention of aging development has depend on
the perception in the aging developed expectation of the member, but the aging has not
confident to use their right, call for their needed to developed. So that the members of
Tambon Administrative Organization will develop the aging on their perception that
give only a helping for them. Such it should supporting the aging participated to
planing and developing, this procedure must stimulated to making the aging
empowerment, by support to the aging collecting, that for the aging has perceive in
their potential, brave to call for their needed in the development. Also it makes more
perception in aging expectation and more intention to develop the aging, and make
vary in method and more created in agrng development.
3. The cenfial office which related to aging supporting and development,
should cooperate to making the national policy and strategy to making the co-
ordinations between the central office and the local government organization, making
the awareness and emphasize to aging development, that will make a suffrcient to the
aglng development.
4.The result found that, the educated and practical in religion of the human
has related to the intention of aging development making. The same to result of quality
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Chatchaivakam Suknarin Conclusion and Recommendation / 142
research reveal that the human who has usually practiced and educated in religion
activity, should has a attitude to the aging in sympathize and should have more
intention of aging development too. Thus as the related organization should use the
religion institution to apply, publicize and persuade the member of Tambon
Administrative Organization practice in religion activity, and use the teaching of
Buddha to the area development for sustainable development.
5. The result found that, the experience in aging development has related to
the intention of aging development, on negative direction. Also to the quality research
found that the member who has high and several experience, and has failed in their
intention, discourage and hesitate to make those activity because the lack of participate
with the aging family and the other member. Thus the related organization will have a
readiness supporting to be a consultant, by that make a suggestion in technique, and
method, addition the participate to study the aging development, for protect the failed
of aging development, that reduce their intention to promote and develop the aging.
Recommendation to the next research
l. This research is study only Phitsanulok province are1 the variable may
be insuffrcient variation. So that in the next research should be study in the other area
for more the data variation and know to more factors that related to the intention.
2. This result is the individual study, found that the individual intent to
promote and develop the aging at the middle level, but in the past the Tambon
Administrative Organization is act to promote and develop the aging at the low level.
Such as in the future it should to study in factors that obstruct to the population
development, especially the aging development, in unit of Tambon Administrative
Organization.
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Fac. of Grad. Studies, MahidolUniv. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 143
3. It should to study in the quality research or the research and development,
by manage the innovation means of aging development, such as the occupation
supporting for the aging, supporting the ancient intellect by invite the aging to
publicize their intellect knowledge as the quack doctor knowledge and the tradition.
By that research must be integrate and sympathy of the whole related organization, as
plan a pilot project to Tambon Administrative Organizalion, for model to other.
4. It should be study the intention to develop and promote the other
population groups else in the member of Tambon Administrative Organization, and
should in-dept study in the sector of activity, for know to the concept and problem
solving to develop ofthe member of Tatnbon Administrative Organization.I
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknaxin Bibliography / lzl4
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n : il n 1 : il n n : os fr : s vr : ?{ rJ 14 r q olm u. cio il a fi'r lil n : il n 1: il n n : o {. rqir dl kio rn
Http ://www. do la. go.th/layouudata 43.hbn. IZS fr I u t n ru 25244].
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R ? { rvr il il fi r u n : : I : r l't^n dqu r n r : vl'rud.
nqnul oru':fivqnuuroudu 1. Q54z) trrunr:il:surdlnrunlnu: n?tilrndouolurnrn
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(nrh o:-qo). nqsrmnrurlun:: In:.l
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* Aq a I q a s an'l : ? 0 u t [n g 1I $ u 1 tJ : u s] 6Y{ n il il il 1'] vt ul a uil u n n.Copyright by Mahidol University
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) I 145
l
nolR::il1frn1: drfnlrurarrfrnr:1ol^anr. (2534). :1u{1uflo{niluR::il18n1:adtrirll
/vtov6attu?yt1{ttn t1. rYlun{1urn115fl 1:?9IdRl.
no{n::il1frR1: drfnlrurnrrr^nr:'1fianr. (zS4O). :tu{tuflo{nalsn::ilnt:fion15?fn3
rul?su rrnv #cJ{ CIrq. dr{rurnrrfr nt: ?fi dn 1
drrur.
nlqour ufilmw. (2s27).
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.ro q jR1:rfr o{. il f{Aosptrlu?nn mnuRaloilyt 2. rf illnild{tnilfl anfrr?ilil:vrmg'1ilu.
/aJn i{lyl}lu?l 1lJfl 5 : I0'lT{ iUUlf'l1:Tl ult.
(25 3 8 ). n r : fifl u r uu a ifl u r : : il ril su: In u n^o il u s u1tfl u fl u dn n r r.
n q n [m 1I il fl I 1r fi i : 6Ir] I Ft 1r o fi n tlvf s :J : s rm f, ln u rdo nr : finr u r.
n lru 0 u r si{sa fi il d (2s42).nrjru uavorr{n: dlr r: ilil : y Jusrjlu drn ru olvr
u. tuorq urfi n x drd
rrav Rqnur ors?fi sQa. (:t::ilrfinr:). tu':unr:il:ysrdln:llms : nrrundoulua
n1nilalfio{. (ilrir o:-go). nq.:rmvlruiltunt: In:tnr:i6'urrasfiruur:Jrsfid{nuaqa
tJl4'l?yttJ'lauilfina.
qf,n qum:frtat. (ru.ru.:J.) qornl6uuuluilluil:vsln:rJ:yrms'lmu. nE{rvt?'tu14tun:. firur(Inu
drfn.: ru no{4u dliu fl q u nr:if,u.S q? 4 o I d a d a / a ! c j.s,tnflu ?{f,o1uu9luuvl. (2539). n?lilnntiluflo{dul$no{nnt:util1:ci?udtuafrilsio:suil
il IJt|Jn tJ-t u!ulniltJUJn tlfl Jupl lun: flIlH I
4aJo:-vrurfr rrurf udnqor::J?iUsUtfi fl u1f, tdet:rJfi tiflictl^et. (rf,nrurdrnru). nilslffl u'l
dqnil an r:iuriarfi srrfrslu u?u r:erasr f.
niluoqn::ilR]:fl1:?1{til9.tulffatu1nurlnvd{nil drfnlrunarvR::iln1:fi'flu'lnl:lf,:ugfio
rrn v dlnr uil r rrsr^ (2s39). unufifl u rnu un s ds n il lu.iirr uruu?t'fl urra:sg fi r uas
dlnruuri{srfi nriilfi g (il.c. zs+o - zs44t. ntr{rytlrilillun:: I:qfirudqruqrunrn:ai
nr:rnssr:u?irrJ:yrnalvru 6rtier.
n €u u f r : : il n r : rffru u r n r : ra: u g fi o un y ri'l n ru uri.: ryt a'. (2543 ).
I
t rio u s n d ru ri ur d r d:r o rn rlo s'l:J ru r n. ro n dr : dn dl ru l
Copyright by Mahidol University
Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Bibliography / 146
0id rJ?::ou?at. (2539). cnrdrunuavorrinr:rimr:riaurirua. n!{rytnilil1tJni: qals
l f,gnraorf qmn{n:flfirilriilurdu.
og6u quyt:{. (2s39).
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4vo'9nTr::or o'uvr:inf. es4o). n:rild'{lolunr:drsruildsrnfiuarorq:rsnr:rordunr:.
?vrurfirryuf,rjiqqrf,nureraor:01ufi riarfin ar{r?fl il:vmn:flnur. finrfi nivrurduAgA
ilfi1?ilUlnUilfiOn.vadvllru?glu 6ffilo1uuyt. (2531).
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tsusl hfrnind. Qs3s). orrfnr:il?tlr:ri':udruatu$ruyo.:rinr:ilnn:orrirudolfiuqfuia64fruSru. ?fl uru-Hu#il?rgqrignrasrfiJilriflr,n^n nlneslnr:ilnn:o{ lma{n:€frumrinurds.
hod4asrru:efu [0:Eudu toyn:. Q543).dtAovadv
ft ?1 rJ [rJ u o u. n E { lvt y{ il u'l lJ fi 5 : dl u R y'til }t a{l fi lu 1.
a as I I I
qal fisrurfinri. (2528). dtnilimuruasiflur::il. (firufnisfi 2). nq{ryl}trJ?iltJn?: l?fyrar:il?nsu{1dq.
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r ra s n : o u n ;?. n q { lyt ?'t il il 1 u 9t I : n : ilfifl u 1 Eil SU.
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nq{rnilililtun: : l:sfirudqwraln:afirilriilurdu.
Qs34).
nr: :J fr g il u lurr urs:ugfi r'lvr utu vrse::s r gqo. qu difiurn:u gar aor f q wrn.rn:afAV
lJ?t'l?Ytu'lnu.
Copyright by Mahidol University
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ.
G:yfru r6ocrrq. (2s44).
M.Ed. @opulation Education)l 147
Ir dn a o r. ?vr u r fi n u fiJiq rg r fl n u r f, 1 der : rJ 1,r r 1iil cm^er a r r r isr il : y s1 n : fl r.ru lq6AOAqA
lJfllcyt9t?Ytu1a0 ilil1?vtu'In0ilfi 9n.val
u{laRUolo!^,4^.^.--e--ol-^-^-,4--.- | e & - d ari
n r n sr v iu o o n' n : fi n r : 16o n fl nu r?sr fr vr vr s u r a. ?m ur u^n u f,r dn qor : rJirgqr
dnu t m en : ru il rfar fi gr ar qJ r ?fl il : s fl n r dnu r riar fi sr?vr ur n'u ru u riyr u r duru fi o a.
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il:vne rvfi. frurtnil 2538. dilnrsnt luq#u qna.rd unv qad nrnnr:aflnn. (il::ilrfinl:).il : s rr dr n ru vr'su v #n n^ o t u d.: n ru
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flmrur oru:ffialrg:4L (zsgs). ilofiufifin'rrrudilrfrudsionrrynr:firsru{ordgsorqluil:srna
'lvru. r^vrurfinuf,dsnrugren:ilfirffl,lr'n arcrri{'uil:sryrn:uaydtnru ililr?murd'uA
ilfion.aAdv'fl:ur: uill$u{. Q543).
n urrra l:':n uura ffi : rs. ?vr urfi n u ffinu r gran:il fl rriar n^sr arrrinil :ys'rfl :flnu r run r?m urii'rJil fi nn.
Aoo/oAJr^^','fi:dvrt riru:rgfrnfl . Qsz3).:ttntuif,urioqn:r:Jfi'uafu nr?'{ilnfrfiurriu6'rros uavilEilr
ilrr :J :vnr:q,ol nury:rnE{rvril:Jfl run:. drrin?6'u aotriu:iarfi qfigttuu?rr:
aranf.
nrn'fi e.rdfirfi"ttu, fi:^m:ot ffiqtU. Qs36).:rutrunr:?o'g rdo.r f,nunrflqlor{qrorrJlunr:fi
rf ':uirillufi nn::ilsir{ 1. ronar:dordlur.-.-+.v]9!ervtJv'lu nrnsiluvt. (2542). fl rrilf,ttavnrriln:vilfndonr:firuuril:vsrn:roln::ilnr:il?fl r:
o r rfn r : u ? r,r r : a'r u rfi r il a 1 u fri t,t iq qfl : : fl{ :{i r^ n u r u'fl u f,ili rg cy r dn u r f, r 6rn :il il r riru fr n a r cJ rifi il : y rr n : fl n u r rior fi'n iil u r do ru u r ?n u r drl il r4^o n .
d'nsfi qqn::il. (2s3g). dnilluvi'qd nr:cfraqunxdrniluasilqdn::ilnr:qunquro{ilor
{qr or q. drfnr ru crrr : orqr o'r r,r 5o eiavrns.
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)
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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Bibliography / 148
a: fr?0ru :. (rr.:J.il.). nt:d{ rn: lsfr ru5ffuiirfi u:tiu {qr orq?lfifi rlquva'nfi une gy{^u
1u:J:vrvrc'lvru. tuqoa qur:n1a1.(r::urfinr:). lor:Jfiuuuluuruil:srrn:il:vrng'Iilu. (uil't lzz- 391) nE{ryrv{rl?r'rl.lni: drfnrruno{qudriu?fqunr:io'u.
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z{tlnrt'rriorosrJ:srmn"[mu. [ond1:mr{amn1:ilil1u LaqJ 4tz. anr:iui6'uil jys.rfl:uau
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afind uvetvnv. (2540). nr:n:sorudrul0unsRl:fiodruarnr:arqrld ouq.unsfiosfiu :
rirurndosrflucloril:syrru usi .... .rr:dr:rruoourfu.7. (3): l3-31.
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nr:rnun:u?isil:srvr glvru 6rrio.
du6'nI:n^n1 travnilv. Qs+21. qorrunr:oivrr{ltruqvtrf,taurdruil:srrdrnru. 1uor46fr vtrs
drd uas nqnen orv':fioqn (t::stf;'nr:).
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drrin.rrurJ:uryrd{tn:rvffr.rraisrfiualInn. fru.il.rJ.1. :rurru{o{a{na:'ldiunr:drerrilfioda
rfi o Qn ffs n isr rnr'u a{ Ia n iJ zs+:. ro n ar : o'Er dr ru r.
drfnrruarm:orqtffiu{ofiuqlan . (2s43).{o{ari'rlrj6'qilinfiuEInn. ronar:dodrrur.
Copyright by Mahidol University
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. @opulation Education) tl49
l
drfnlructfil:0{qtfi{flirrn'uatrInn. (il.il.il.). ruanr:dr:rordosduorr{nr:r3ur:rirurfirua
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rir uil fi ns r tu il : v rn colvr er. ivr 0r fr ?'ru d:Jirgryrfi nu r gr an : ru u r fsu fi n drfl 1asl
il:vm n: dnur rifl fi n?m ur du ilil rim ur drlilr4^na.
q:rfiu:n^ $orvgru. (2533). nrrilflqrolailrfinow{nr:ilifir:6ieudrrnrfiuafiuln:td9xunv
?YIUl6 dla a Iunu:i:J?qrgrf,ailgrasr:rurrriarfisr. uurivrurduzuourrriu.
A d s /^F,^\ 4 | r ao:illuvl dll tsnsuttasn${u. (2540). :tu{1tJr.rofr1:dnstgrjrm:.lrtnsuurnnnt:dqdirunatru
tu?ru ufi s qJ os o.: rinr : u?il r: cf ru d r:J a. n I uvrv{ ilfi 1 il fl r : ryafi fi aa r riuifrurdonr:
d'gl u ruri.: :J : u ril fllm u.
rirnn u:orinrinqa. Qslg).1Jvt:Ltvrrormil:urrur?rr::rrnr:rfruylosfiu lunr::JfrrTo^sru
dru fi q ue o doil f, nu rn : fi : n il v n : : ru n r : qr r n^u r n lu ff{ fi 5n u n : ils rJ. ivr urfi il u flas'
rJ5qrg r d'rn ilf, r der: rJ 14 1:isufr n arrr?ryrfr qnn doru :iil.m'erin urdu ruu r?m urdu
ilil0n.
t
t
aCopyright by Mahidol University
Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin
APPEIYDIX
Appendix / 150
.
t
t
tCopyright by Mahidol University
I
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. @opulation Education) / l5l
Questionnaire
Research Project
ooThe intention to develop and support the agrng
of the members of Tambon Administrate Organination
A cast sfudy : the members of Tambon administrated organization
In Phitsanulok Provinceon
Introduction
This questionnaire proposes to study the intention to develop and supportI
the aging in the mind of the members of Tambon Administative Organization in
Phisanulok Provincial. For uses in the report of thesis in the study of Master degree,
and uses the importance data to stimulate the members of Tambon Administrative
Organization for more interesting and intention to develop the aging addition apply in
the aging development planning in the future.
This data doesn't suffer to these samples, because of the researcher will
* conceal data in the secret, and analyze the data in totality. So the researcher will beg a
favor from You, please reply in the corrected of your opinion in this questionnaire.
And before answer the questionnaire. please read the introduction then do it.
I Copyright by Mahidol University
t
Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Appendix / 152
The questionnaire component with 9 part as follows;
Part I the general data
Part2 the questionnaire about the attitude to the aging Development
Part 3 the questionnaire about the perception in the aging development
role
Part4 the questionnaire about the percepion in the aging information.
Part 5 the questionnaire about the educated and practiced in the
principle of religion
Pafi 6 the question about the suggestion in the aging development
PartT the questionnaire about the experience in aging development
Part 8 the questionnaire about the perception in aging expectation
Part 9 the questionnaire about the intention in aging development
Part 1 The general data
Introduction Please fill a correct data in a blank or marks the symbol (/) in front
of content.
t
t Tambon adminishate organization ..... Ampher
Phisanulok Provincial.
a
l. Age .. years (tull age)
2.Sex ( )male ( )female
3. Education level
( ) Primary school (pratom 4,6)
( ) Junior secondary school (mattayom 3)
( ) Senior secondary school (Mattayom 6 or certificate education)Copyright by Mahidol University
t
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Matridol Univ. M.Ed. @opulation Education) / 153
( ) Diploma
( ) Bachelor degree
( ) Higher the bachelor degree
) Other (specified)
4. Occupation
( ) Agriculturist ( )Employee
( ) Business and commerce ( ) Other (specified)
5. The totality income per yeax bahts
6. Status in Tambon Administrative Organization
( ) The members of Adminisfiative committee
( ) The members of Tarrbon Administive organizatroncouncil
7. The time period of the member of Tambon adminishate organization
( ) Less than I year
( )l-2years
( ) 2-3 years
( ) 3-4 years
( ) Over than 4 years
a
t
'rt
Copyright by Mahidol University
I
Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Appendix / 154
Part2 The attitude to develop the aging
Introduction Please checks and marks a symbol f { I in front of the data that
I
I
l. The aging was use to made the
useful for society.
2. The aging is outmoded of the
knowledge, the thought and
ability.
3. The aging is the human who has
valueless for familv and
community.
4. Nowadays There are many aging
who are poor and devoid by the
supervisor.
5. Being the aging. It will be loaded
to maintain by the family and
community.
The aging has easier to sickness
and more severity than the normal
human has.
7. Nowadays the members in aging
family have less ability to
maintain the aging.t
Copyright by Mahidol University
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 155
tIntroduction Please checks and marks a symbol ( { ) in front of the data thatshai
8. The aging should to stop working.
9. The instruction of the aging is
unbelievers.
10. The aging needed to participate
with the community.
I l. The aging is valueless because
cannot works for money.
12. The aging has yet ability to make
profit for community.
13. The aging need a appreciated from
community.
14. The aging should be replied in
social welfare from community.
15. The aging promoting and
developing is not related to social
and economic developing.
16. The promoting and developing in
aging is valueless in economic.
17. The aging is not necessary to
promote and develop in occupation
L
Q
ICopyright by Mahidol University
?
Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Appendix / 156
Introduction Please checks and marks a symbol ( { ) in front of the data that
straight on your opinion. (cont.)
I
I
t
Attitude Stronglyagree
Agree Un sure Dis-Agree
StronglyDisagree
18. The values in appreciate and
respect to the aging should be
promoted
19. The aging should be get free health
treafrnent.
20. The past developments often not
plan to the aging by sfraightly.
21. The aging is not appropriate to
promote to exercise.
22. The promoting and developing
aging is decreased to responsibility
of their family
23. The family and community ought to
cooperate to maintain the aging.
24. Tambon Administrative
Organization ought to plan develop
and promote the aging.
Copyright by Mahidol University
t
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 157
Part 3 the perception in aging development role
;aF Introduction Please checks and marks a symbol ( { \ in front of the data that
straight on your opinion.
Role perception accept reject
1. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to manage the
health treatment and health promotion service for the aging
2. Tambon Adminishate Organization has function to publicize the
maintenance and practical the aging method to the community.
3. Tambon Adminishative Organization has function to manage the
useful education for the aging.
Tambon Administrative Organization has function to promote and
support the educational for the people prepare themselves in each
age changing.
4.
Tambon Administative Organization has function to promote and
support a public place to perform activity for exchange
information between the aging and the other.
).
Tambon Administrative Organization
religiously activity for participated
aging.
has function to support the
with population, especially
7. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to make
opportunity for the aging perform the ability in branch of
knowledge that make appreciated to them.
a
ICopyright by Mahidol University
Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Appendix/ 158
Part 3 the perception in aging development role
t Introduction Please checks and marks a symbol ( {) in front of the data that
straight on your opinion.
Role perception accept reject
8. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to income
helping for the aging who can not live by self.
9. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to promote and
support the appropriate technology for the aging work.
10. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to promote and
support the extended family for the aging warm.
11. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to fighting the
respectd in the knowledge and experience of aging.
12.T"he Tambon Administrative Organization has function to promote
and support the religiously institution to publicizn the principles of
birth, aging, and dying for decrease the worried of aging.
[3. Tambon Administative Organization has function to promote and
support the social welfare as health, occupation, alive place and
relax place for the aging.
t
o
ICopyright by Mahidol University
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. @opulation Educarion) / 159
Part 4 the perception in aging information
t Introduction please checks and marks' a symbol ( {) in front of the data that
staight on your opinion.
The last month, you perceived the aging information from these sources as follows.
The source of aging information
Usually
(over 4
times)
Sometime
(1- 3 times)
l. Televisionpublicized
2. Radio publicized
3. Newspaperreading
4. Journal and periodical book reading
5. Officially document reading
6. The broadcasting tower in the village
7. The government and non-govemment officer
e
t
tCopyright by Mahidol University
Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Appendix / 160
Part 5 the education and practices in religious philosophy
t Infioduction please checks and marks a symbol f { I in front of the data tnat
straight on your opinion.
The last month, you have performed the religion activities in frequency as follow.
Religious Activities
Usually
(over 3
times)
Some-
time
(r-2
times)
No
act
1. Go to the temple for offering and listening to drama
in holy day
2. Food offering to the priests in the morning
3. Praying before sleep
4. Help activities in the temple
5. Talk in the teaching of the Buddha with the priests
6. Read the teaching of the Buddha
7. Listening teaching of the Buddha exhibition
G
I
ICopyright by Mahidol University
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 16l
Pal:t6 the suggestion in aging development
t- Introduction Please checks and marks a symbol f { I in front of the data that
straight on your opinion.
The last years, you had a suggestion to develop the agrng on these activities in
frequency as follows.
C
I
I
Sentence Usually Sometime No
have
l. Promote and support health care serviceo as
protection, promotion, treatment and recover ability
for the aging
2. Promote and support to education management that
useful for the aging
3. Promote and support the manage the aging education
to teach in knowledge and experience that make
appreciated to them
4. Promote and support the public sector as temple,
school and health center to manage activity to
activity for exchange information between aging and
other population
5. Promote and support the religiously activity for
educated and practiced to population, especially
aging.
6. Promote and support the activity to make income for
aging alive. Copyright by Mahidol University
Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin
Part6 the suggestion in aging development (cont.)
Appendix / 162
tSentence Usually Sometime No
have
7. Promote and support aging to working for enough
and equal income
8. Promote and support the appropriate technology for
aging labor- saving.
9. Promote and support the extended family for make
warmly for aging.
10. Promote and support to nght and establish in
respected and gratefulness valued to aging.
11. Promoted and support to recover cuter and tradition
that relate to respect aging and parent, as Songkran
day or in the mother day ect.
12. Promote and support the social welfare as health,
occupation, alive place and relax place for aging
C
t
tCopyright by Mahidol University
Fac. of Grad. Studies, MahidolUniv. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 163
PartT the experience in aging development
t Introduction Please checks and marks a symbol < { I in front of the data that
straight on your opinion.
In the last, you have an experience in develop the aging on these activities in
frequency as follow.
G
f
r
Sentence usually Sometime No have
1. Promote and support health care service, as
protection, promotion, teafinent and recover
ability for aging
2. Promote and support to education
management that useful for aging
3. Promote and support to manage for aging to
teach in knowledge and experience that make
appreciated to them
4. Promote and support the public sector as
temple, school and health center to manage
activrty to activity for exchange information
between aging and other population
5. Promote and support the religiously activity
for educated and practiced to population,
especially aging.
Copyright by Mahidol University
Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin
ParJT the experience in aging development (cont.)
Appendix / 164
ISentence usually Sometime No have
6. Promote and support the activity to mat<"
income for aging alive.
7. Promote and support aging to workingJor
enough and equal income
8. Promote and support the appropriate
technology for aging labor- saving.
9. Promote and support the extended family for
make warmly for aging.
10. Promote and support to fight and establish in
respected and gratefulness valued to aging.
11. Promoted and support to recover cuter and
tradition that relate to respect agrng and
parent, as Songkran day or in the mother day
,etc.
12. Promote and support the social welfare as
health, occupation, alive place and rela< place
for aging
I
*Copyright by Mahidol University
I
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. @opulation Education) / 165
Part 8 the perception in aging expectation
t rntuoduction Please checks and marks a symbol C{ >iHfront of the data that straight
on your opinion.
How the aging expected to these activities development ?
Agrng expectation High Middle Low
1. Expect to get especially teannent social-ffimanagement more than other people
2. Expect to get promoted and recovered healthGas
exercise activity, educated in right practice.
3. Expect to educated in several knowledge for develop
themselves
4. Expect to the member in family perceive in <tesire of
aging
5. Expect opportunity to perform an atitity
appreciate form social.
for
6. Expect to promoted and supported in opportunity to
work in occupation.
7. Expect to take an ability for useful to thernselves
family and community
t
{Copyright by Mahidol University
t
Chatchaiyakarn SuknaxinAppendix / 166
Part 8 the perception in aging expectation (cont.)
Introduction Please check and mark a symbol f { > n front of the data
that staight on your opinion.
The aging has expected to these activities development, in frequency?
#
t
-ri
Agng expectation High MiddIe Low
8. Expect to promoted and supported an adequate
income for survive.
9. Expect to family and communities make activity that
reveal respected and gratefulness to aging.
10. Expect to family and communities take an activity,
that promote a relaxation as a place to relax and
several activity for relan.
11. Expect to take activity for aging to teach a
knowledge as right art, fiadition and cultural.
12. Expect take a social welfare as heatnent, procure an
occupation, lodging, relaxation place and other
appropriate relaxation
Copyright by Mahidol University
I
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (population Educat ion) / 167
Part 9 the intention in aging development
rntroduction please check and mark a symbol t { > nfront of the data
that snaight on your opinion.
You have intent to develop the aging in these activities at the level as
follows;
t
I
Sentence Themost
most Unsure Little Theleast
l. Support the aging to g-f tee a
health teatment
z. uupport to publicize the maintain
and practiced to aging method to their
family.
3. Support the health organization to
take an specialist aging clinic
4. Supportting the education
management to the aging for leam
about curing and protection in their
health
5. Support to take educated to aging in
about the caring infant for participated
with family
{
Copyright by Mahidol University
Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin
Part 9 the intention in aging development (cont.)
Appendix / 168
t
t Introduction Please check and mark a symbol ( {'l infront of the data
that sfiaight on yow opinion.
You have intent to develop the aging in these activities at the level as follows;
Sentence Themost
most Unsure Little TheIeast
6. Support the aging to meeting and
exchange information
7. Promote and support the aging to
publicize in knowledge and
experience to the other.
8.To take the fun for support the aging
9. Support the aging grouping to take
activity for increase income to the
aging
10. Take ttre tadition and cultual
activity that relate to respect and
gratefulness to aging
I l.Take activity that make
opportunity for aging to teaching the
right culnnal and tradition knowledge
t
{Copyright by Mahidol University
I
Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. @opulation Education) / 169
Part 9 the intention in aging development (cont.)
Introduction Please check and mark a symbol ( { ) in front of the data
that straight on your opinion.
You have intent to develop the aging in these activities at the level as follows;
t
t
Sentence Themost
most Unsure Little Theleast
12. Takes the several welfare as
healthcare, procure home, occupation,
the lodge and rela:< place for aging
-'lCopyright by Mahidol University
Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin
NAME
DATE OF BIRTH
PLACE OF BIRTH
INSTITUTIONS ATTENDED
POSITION & OFFICE
BIOGRAPI{Y
Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin
3 May 1968
Phitsanulok. Thailand
Biography / 170
Sukhothai Thammathir ach, 1993 -1995
Bachelor of Health Science.
Mahidol University, 199 6-2001
Master of Education (Population
Education)
Present, Health policy and planning,
Level 5
Phitsanulok Provincial Health office.
Tel.055-252052
Copyright by Mahidol University