Post on 12-Apr-2017
Localization TechniquesLocalization Techniques
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMYINDIAN DENTAL ACADEMYLeader in continuing Dental EducationLeader in continuing Dental Education
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INDICATIONSINDICATIONS Location of impacted teethLocation of impacted teeth
Location of foreign objectsLocation of foreign objects
Salivary gland calculiSalivary gland calculi
Location of root stumpsLocation of root stumps
In endodonticsIn endodontics
Location of anatomic structuresLocation of anatomic structures (Mandibular canal, Floor of (Mandibular canal, Floor of
maxillary sinus, mental foramen)maxillary sinus, mental foramen)
Location of sinus tractLocation of sinus tract
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GUIDELINES GUIDELINES An object whose position must be localized should be
radiographed with either an obvious reference object or
an anatomic structure.
The basis for localization technique is a change in positional
reference that results from altering the central ray projection.
Objects closer to the film appear sharper and of actual size.
Objects distant from the film appear blurred and enlarged.
The object in question should be radiographed using at least two
different central ray projections that are perpendicular to each
other.
Two periapical films may be employed. (Clark's technique). www.indiandentalacademy.com
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TECHNIQUESTECHNIQUES
Clark’s shift cone techniqueClark’s shift cone technique Right angle techniqueRight angle technique Localization using known markers Localization using known markers
(needles, pins, splints)(needles, pins, splints) Graph grid templatesGraph grid templates Viewing deviceViewing device
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TECHNIQUESTECHNIQUES1) Clark’s shift cone technique:
( Buccal object rule / Clarks rule) SLOBC.A. Clark – 1910 Principle of parallax apparent displacement of the object at
different planes due to different positions of observer
Vertical plane Horizontal plane
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22) Right angle technique) Right angle technique
Two radiographs are taken at right angles Two radiographs are taken at right angles
to each other to each other
Impacted teethImpacted teeth
Soft tissue calcifications, foreign bodySoft tissue calcifications, foreign body
# displacement / over – riding# displacement / over – riding
Skull radiographsSkull radiographs
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3) Contrast enhancement3) Contrast enhancement
contrast of a lesion enhanced using contrast of a lesion enhanced using radio opaque dyeradio opaque dye
Salivary gland calculiSalivary gland calculi Extent of vascular lesionsExtent of vascular lesions Cystic lesionsCystic lesions
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4) Artificial landmarks4) Artificial landmarks pins, gutta percha points, wire pins, gutta percha points, wire
mesh, tooth numberingmesh, tooth numbering Placed with known referencePlaced with known reference Edentulous ridges- S.S. wiresEdentulous ridges- S.S. wires
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5) STEREORADIOGRAPHY5) STEREORADIOGRAPHY
Two radiographic views obtained at Two radiographic views obtained at carefully defined but slightly dissimilar carefully defined but slightly dissimilar projection geometries (10 degrees)projection geometries (10 degrees)
Images viewed with crossed eye with an Images viewed with crossed eye with an optical aidoptical aid
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6) GRAPH GRID TEMPLATES6) GRAPH GRID TEMPLATESFor measuring the depth of vital structures For measuring the depth of vital structures
from crestal bone (implants)from crestal bone (implants)
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GOLD INLAY EMBEDDED IN TONGUE
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