Copy of localization methods/ dental implant courses

Localization TechniquesLocalization Techniques

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMYINDIAN DENTAL ACADEMYLeader in continuing Dental EducationLeader in continuing Dental Education

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INDICATIONSINDICATIONS Location of impacted teethLocation of impacted teeth

Location of foreign objectsLocation of foreign objects

Salivary gland calculiSalivary gland calculi

Location of root stumpsLocation of root stumps

In endodonticsIn endodontics

Location of anatomic structuresLocation of anatomic structures (Mandibular canal, Floor of (Mandibular canal, Floor of

maxillary sinus, mental foramen)maxillary sinus, mental foramen)

Location of sinus tractLocation of sinus tract


GUIDELINES GUIDELINES An object whose position must be localized should be

radiographed with either an obvious reference object or

an anatomic structure.

The basis for localization technique is a change in positional

reference that results from altering the central ray projection.

Objects closer to the film appear sharper and of actual size.

Objects distant from the film appear blurred and enlarged.

The object in question should be radiographed using at least two

different central ray projections that are perpendicular to each

other.

Two periapical films may be employed. (Clark's technique). www.indiandentalacademy.com


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TECHNIQUESTECHNIQUES

Clark’s shift cone techniqueClark’s shift cone technique Right angle techniqueRight angle technique Localization using known markers Localization using known markers

(needles, pins, splints)(needles, pins, splints) Graph grid templatesGraph grid templates Viewing deviceViewing device


TECHNIQUESTECHNIQUES1) Clark’s shift cone technique:

( Buccal object rule / Clarks rule) SLOBC.A. Clark – 1910 Principle of parallax apparent displacement of the object at

different planes due to different positions of observer

Vertical plane Horizontal plane


22) Right angle technique) Right angle technique

Two radiographs are taken at right angles Two radiographs are taken at right angles

to each other to each other

Impacted teethImpacted teeth

Soft tissue calcifications, foreign bodySoft tissue calcifications, foreign body

# displacement / over – riding# displacement / over – riding

Skull radiographsSkull radiographs


3) Contrast enhancement3) Contrast enhancement

contrast of a lesion enhanced using contrast of a lesion enhanced using radio opaque dyeradio opaque dye

Salivary gland calculiSalivary gland calculi Extent of vascular lesionsExtent of vascular lesions Cystic lesionsCystic lesions


4) Artificial landmarks4) Artificial landmarks pins, gutta percha points, wire pins, gutta percha points, wire

mesh, tooth numberingmesh, tooth numbering Placed with known referencePlaced with known reference Edentulous ridges- S.S. wiresEdentulous ridges- S.S. wires


5) STEREORADIOGRAPHY5) STEREORADIOGRAPHY

Two radiographic views obtained at Two radiographic views obtained at carefully defined but slightly dissimilar carefully defined but slightly dissimilar projection geometries (10 degrees)projection geometries (10 degrees)

Images viewed with crossed eye with an Images viewed with crossed eye with an optical aidoptical aid


6) GRAPH GRID TEMPLATES6) GRAPH GRID TEMPLATESFor measuring the depth of vital structures For measuring the depth of vital structures

from crestal bone (implants)from crestal bone (implants)


GOLD INLAY EMBEDDED IN TONGUE


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Copy of localization methods/ dental implant courses

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