Post on 23-May-2020
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Masthead
UNITING THE VIBRANT WORLD OF WATER - TO PROVIDE A PROACTIVE PLATFORM FOR THE WATER INDUSTRY TO CONVERGE AND WORK TOGETHER IN ACHIEVING SOLUTIONS TO GLOBAL WATER PROBLEMS.
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8 Water Today January 2016
C O N T E N T S
The Separation Method for Removing of Colloidal Particles
from Raw Water........26The article discusses a treatment system that can effectively
reduce the concentration of colloidal particles in raw water that can greatly reduce the cost of treatment and
sludge generation thereby improve the subsequent steps of treatment.
By V Ramanathan
Trends in Water Treatment Chemical.............42
Before a treatment policy is fixed up for a particular industry, the scope of recycling and reclamation of the
wastes must be considered, for a better management of industrial wastewater.By Sanjay Singh Kushwaha
Wastewater Treatment Trends.....34
Treating wastewater has the aim to produce an effluent that will do as little harm as possible when discharged
to the surrounding environment, thereby preventing pollution compared to releasing untreated wastewater
into the environment.By Gyan Vardhan
Eco-friendly, Low Cost, Water Treatment Chemicals..........50This article discusses a new trend of using natural chemicals, instead of synthetic. Read on…By Uday Bhawalkar
Lewabrane® – The Chemistry Makes the Difference.......54Anyone who has tried out various RO manufacturers knows that, although the membrane chemistry andthe design of the elements are similar, there are differences when it comes to permeate performance andrejection. Membrane crosslinking influences rejection and stability, which means it plays a key role.By Dr. Jens Lipnizki
Optimal Nutrient Ratios for Wastewater Treatment...................60Continuously operating process measurement devices have demonstrated that they are indispensable aids toachieving greater transparency and reliability in wastewater treatment. The article describes the causes andeffects of unfavourable nutrient ratios, & measures to be taken to deal with them.By Michael Winkler
10 Water Today January 2016
Masthead ....................................8
Water Wire.................................14
Launch Pad................................18
Event Zone.................................20
Product Zone.............................24
Editorial Calendar .....................96
Classifieds.................................98
Subscription Form......................99
Ad. Index..................................101
Editor’s Note.............................102
RE
GU
LA
RS
Trends in Water Treatment Chemicals: We Can
Do Without Synthetic Chemicals...........70
By Er Dr S Saktheeswaran and Er Dr S Sundaramoorthy
Reuse of Septic Tank Effluent by Treating it With
Ozone.......74By Jainam Shah, Madhura Taskar,
Priyanka Singh & Soham Vaishampayan
Water Treatment Chemical - Trends Uses to Reduce
Sludge Production! ......66This article intended to discuss Trends in Water Treatment
Chemicals used to Reduce Sludge Production.By Daniel L. Theobald
A Farewell to Sand Filters..............82By Tommy Charles Olsen
C O N T E N T S
UV Disinfection for Municipal Wastewater A Growing Trend..............92By Wayne Lem and Jennifer Muller
Requirements for Discharge of Trade Effluent into the Public Sewers..............86By Cyrus Rice
12 Water Today January 2016
Water Treatment Chemical - TrendsUses to Reduce Sludge Production!
This article intended to discuss Trends in Water Treatment Chemicals used to Reduce Sludge Production.By Daniel L. Theobald
In this series of Back to Fundamentals
on water and wastewater, the article discusses Trends in Water
Treatment Chemicals used to Reduce
Sludge Production.
This is another in a series of educational articles on water/wastewater. This document is intended to discuss Trends in Water Treatment Chemicals used to Reduce Sludge Production.
This generic presentation utilizes my extended number of years of experience using chemicals treatingwastewater based on information below:
Presentation Details:
• Conventional use of Wastewater chemicals
• Explain these Trends to Reduce Sludge Production
• Conclusion
Conventional Use Of Wastewater Chemicals:
Common conventionally used wastewater treatment chemicals are used to adjust pH up and down and to coagulate solids. These three more common wastewater treatment processes are achieved with chemicals such as Sodium Hydroxide to raise up the pH, Sulfuric Acid toadjust down the pH and a an example of a coagulant chemical used for treating wastewater is Ferric Chloride. A technical explanation of each chemical is below:
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound. It is a white solid and highly caustic metallic base and alkali salt which is available in pellets, flakes, granules, and as prepared solutions at a number of different concentrations.Sodium hydroxide forms an approximately 50% (by weight) saturated solution with water.
Sodium hydroxide is soluble in water, ethanol, and methanol. This alkali is deliquescent and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide in air. Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries, mostly as a strong chemical base in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, wastewater treatment, soaps and detergents and as a drain cleaner.
66 Water Today l January 2016
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4), is a highly corrosive strong mineral acid with the molecular formula H2SO4 and molecular weight 98.079 g/mol. It is a pungent-ethereal, colorless to slightly yellow viscous liquid which is soluble in water at all concentrations.Sometimes, it is dyed dark brown during production to alert people to its hazards.The historical name of this acid is oil of vitriol.
Sulfuric acid is a diprotic acid and shows different properties depending upon its concentration. Its corrosiveness on other materials, like metals, living tissues or even stones, can be mainly ascribed to its strong acidic nature and, if concentrated, strong dehydrating and oxidizing properties. Sulfuric acid at a high concentration can cause very serious damage upon contact, since not only does it cause chemical burns via hydrolysis, but also secondary thermal burns through dehydration.It can lead to permanent blindness if splashed onto eyes and irreversible damage if swallowed.Accordingly, safety precautions should be strictly observed when handling it. Moreover, it is hygroscopic, readily absorbing water vapor from the air.
Sulfuric acid has a wide range of applications including domestic acidic drain cleaner,electrolyte in lead-acid batteries and various cleaning agents. It is also a central substance in the chemical industry. Principal uses include mineral processing, fertilizer manufacturing, oil refining, wastewater treatment/processing, and chemical synthesis. It is widely produced with different methods, such as contact process, wet sulfuric acid process and some other methods.
Ferric Chloride(FeCl3), is an industrial scale commodity chemical compound, with iron in the +3 oxidation state. The color of ironchloride crystals depends on the viewing angle: by reflected light the crystals appear dark green, but by transmitted light they appear purple-red. Anhydrous ironchloride is deliquescent, forming hydrated hydrogen chloride mists in moist air. It is rarely observed in its natural form, known mainly from some fumaroles.
When dissolved in water, ironchloride undergoes hydrolysis and gives off heat in an exothermic reaction. The resulting brown, acidic, and corrosive solution is used as a coagulant in wastewater treatment and drinking water production, and as an etchant for copper-based metals in printed circuit boards. Anhydrous ironchloride is a fairly strong acid, and it is used as a catalyst in organic synthesis.
Advantages of these wastewater treatment chemicals are cost effective and efficient treatment chemicals.
However disadvantages of these wastewater treatment chemicals include potentially excessive sludge production carrying excessive disposal cost and potential negative environmental impact to receiving landfills.
Explain these Trends to Reduce Sludge Production:
Industries
Synthetic coagulants sometimes referred as polyamines.
Polyamines are a combination of inorganic salts with synthetic coagulants.
The fine particles or colloids in natural waters are generally negatively charged and in wastewater happens often the same. This is why they are used trivalent iron salts or aluminum, and electric charges which give the water and break the electrostatic equilibrium.
However these coagulants due to hydrolysis in water suffering modify the physical-chemical characteristics thereof, since it is a highly acidic substances, which therefore alter the pH and increasing the conductivity salts incorporated. Therefore the pH correction is performed in the same reaction vessel to the coagulation process, thus establishing the necessary corrections.
Synthetic coagulants are based on the incorporation of organic components in their formulation, presenting many advantages with virtually no disadvantages.
Highly effective in its dosage form polymeric species due to stable, non-hydrolyzed, high cationic density can work with broader ranges of pH with an inorganic coagulant which does not affect it classic or alkalinity or temperature.High rate of coagulation virtually instant; therefore need not be a pre-dilution.
Smaller volume of sludge produced, because the dosage is reduced greatly, leaving the more compressed and compact sludge.
Certain synthetic coagulants serve as primary flocculants for water/wastewater treatment residuals are free from sulfate products and processes designed primarily for physical separation
Water Today l January 2016 67
by decantation certain industries. These products are used in waste streams with high solids content and high turbidity.
Synthetic coagulants serve as primary flocculants for wastewater treatment, are chloride-free products, and designed for chemical processes physical separation by settling or flotation in industries.
Other synthetic coagulants are used for specific applications.
Natural Plant Coagulants/span>
Natural plant coagulants are natural organic products. Because of its salt-free formulation, they present numerous advantages and virtually no inconvenience. Natural coagulants serve as primary coagulants for wastewater treatment.
Conclusion:
Synthetic wastewater treatment chemicals reduce sludge production and often more environmentally friendly. There are also cost advantages using these synthetic wastewater treatment chemicals,
So hopefully you are ready to begin now to Implement Use of Chemicals to Reduce Sludge Production. However; beforehand or in the process, feel free to reach out to me with your Treatment Chemicals useor any other Wastewater questions.
Daniel L. Theobald is “Wastewater Dan,” proprietor of Environmental Services. He is a professional wastewater and safety consultant/trainer with more than 24 years
of hands-on industry experience operating many variants of wastewater treatment processing units and is eager to share with others his knowledge about water conservation. Wastewater Dan can be reached at TheWastewaterWiz01@gmail.com or www.Conserve-On-Water.com
About the Author
68 Water Today l January 2016