Post on 16-Jul-2015
Consecutive intake of ZESPRI GOLD Kiwifruits makes positive influence on immunity -from the evidence of the clinical trial
Suzuki Naoko
Orthomedico Inc,
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Why Kiwi?Kiwi fruits contain a large amount of vitamin C
- is considered to have antioxidant effectinfection prophylactic effect.
Gold Kiwis & Green Kiwis→ Gold kiwis contain more vitamin C than green kiwis
Animal study suggests that kiwi fruits have immunostimulatingeffect, however, it has still been obscure whether kiwi fruits have an influence over human immunity.
ZESPRI Gold Kiwi
Vitamin C(L-Ascorbic acid)
To reveal the influence of daily intakes of gold-kiwi on human immunity by 4-week clinical trial
Objective
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Study Design
Study Design Randomized, single-blind placebo-controlled Trial
Clinic Seishin-kai Medical Association Inc, Takara Clinic
Participants 36 healthy volunteers, who had felt fatigue dailyage: ca. 40 y.o. (9 people/group)
Period 4 weeks
Inspection before intake (week-0) – after intake (week-4)
Test before intake Test after intake
Starting day to intake
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Grouping
Kiwi group3 kiwis/dayEditable part= ca. 300 g/day= 390 mg V.C.
Banana group3 banana/dayEdible part= ca. 306 g/day= 48 mg V.C.
V.C. group390 mg of Vitamin C supplement/day
No intake group
No intake
Same amount of edible part
Same amount of vitamin C
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Major Measurethe Comprehensive Assessment of Human Immunity
Patented technology to assess human immunity using factors to decrease easily with aging and stress
Scoring of Immunological Vigor (SIV)- shows comprehensive immunological function calculated from 5 immunological factors such asnumber of T cells, CD8+CD28+ T cells and so on.
T-lymphocyte Age- is calculated using number of CD8+CD28+ T cells, referring correlation between age and number of CD8+CD28+ T cells.
0
1
2
3# T cells
# CD8+CD28+T cell
Ratio ofCD4/CD8
cells
# naïve T cell
Ratio ofNaïve/Memory
T cells
Age
Nu
mb
er o
fC
D8
+CD
28
+ T
cells
5
Comparison of T-lymphocyte ages between before and after intakes
35
40
45
50
55
60
Kiwi Banana V.C. No-intake
T-ly
mp
ho
cyte
Age
Younger
Elder * * N.S. N.S.
*: p < 0.05, N.S.: not significantly
Only in Kiwi group, T-lymphocyte age became younger by 2.1 y.o. after intake than before intake
In Banana group, T-lymphocyte age was older after intake than before intake
In both V.C. and No-intake group, there were no significant changes between before and after intakes
-2.1 y.o.
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Intakes of Kiwi might have effect on T-lymphocyte immunity to improve than either intakes of bananas or same amount of vitamin C.
Comparison of scoring of immunological vigor (SIV) between before and after intakes
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Kiwi Banana V.C. No-intake
Sco
re o
f Im
mu
no
logi
cal V
igo
r
Bad
Good N.S. + N.S. N.S.
+: p < 0.1, N.S.: not significantly
In Kiwi group, although not significantly, SIV slightly increased by 0.5 points (4.3%) after intake
In Banana group,SIV significantly decreased by 1.6 points (-14.3%) after intake
In both V.C. and No-intake group, any changes of SIV were not observed between before and after intakes
Although not significantly, kiwiintakes might make positive influence on comprehensive immunity
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Immunological Scoring between before and after intakes
1
2
3# T cells
#
CD8+CD28+
T cells
Ratio of
CD4/CD8 T
cells
# Naïve T
cells
Ratio of
Naïve/Memo
ry T cells
Kiwi
1
2
3# T cells
#
CD8+CD28+
T cells
Ratio of
CD4/CD8 T
cells
# Naïve T
cells
Ratio of
Naïve/Memo
ry T cells
Banana Before
After
1
2
3# T cells
#
CD8+CD28+
T cells
Ratio of
CD4/CD8 T
cells
# Naïve T
cells
Ratio of
Naïve/Memo
ry T cells
V.C.
1
2
3# T cells
#
CD8+CD28+
T cells
Ratio of
CD4/CD8 T
cells
# Naïve T
cells
Ratio of
Naïve/Memo
ry T cells
No-Intake
Changes of lower immunological items in Kiwi group
0
10
20
30
Befo
re
After
CD8 T cell
%
0
100
200
300
400
Befo
re
After
Number of naïve T cell
0
100
200
300B
efore
After
Number of CD8+CD28+ T cell
/μl
/μl
In Kiwi group, of 13 measures, 3 immunological measures significantly increased after 4-week intake than before intake.
CD8 T cell 20.6±5.1% → 22.0±5.7%
Number of naïve T cell 237.3±89.4/μl → 261.5±97.2/μl
Number of CD8+28+ T cell 184.3±42.8/μl → 205.9±53.2/μl
Focused on the averages, others slightly seemed to increase although not significantly. → Increase of each immunological factor might make the comprehensive immunity improve,
such as T-lymphocyte age and SIV.
p = 0.025 p = 0.045 p = 0.048
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Subjective effects of kiwi intake
0
5
10
week 0 week 4
Fatigue
week 0 week 4
Bowel movement
week 0 week 4
Skin dryness
week 0 week 4
Skin conditionGood!
Bad
Visual Analogue Scale a kind of questionnaires, which volunteers respond(VAS) in a horizontal line as 10 is best and as 0 is worst
as imaginary as possible.
p = 0.003p = 0.029 p < 0.001 p = 0.006
As a result of VAS, points of 5 items were significantly increased after intake than before intake in Kiwi group.
week 0 week 4
Eye Fatigue
p = 0.038
Intakes of Kiwi has good bodily sensation for volunteers.
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Safety
• No volunteers complained any adverse events by daily intakes of 3 kiwis during the 4-week trial
• Blood and Urinary medical examination showed some marginal significant change in hematocrit, MCV, cholinesterase (ChE), HDL cholesterol, glyco-albumin between before and after intakes of kiwi but all of them were in standard values.
Daily intakes of 3 kiwis did not induce any problems for
all volunteers.
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Schema of Immunological influence of kiwi in the trial
Kiwi Banana
No intakeVitamin C
Of the four groups, only Kiwi made positive influence on immunity during 4-week trial from the view of both integrated immunity and lower immunity.
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Discussion
Vitamin C is well-known nutrition to be expected positive effect of prevention of cold.
Intake of vitamin C supplement did not improve human immunity.
Vitamin-C dose expected to treat a cold is daily 1000-3000 mg intaketo prevent 600-1000 mg intake
Intake of 390-mg of vitamin C should not be enough to make immunity improve.
Kiwis are a mixture of many kinds of nutritional component
It might be better to intake vitamin C from fruits rather than to intake the one purified artificially.
1) Why did not vitamin C improve immunity?2) Why did kiwi, including same amount of vitamin C, improve human immunity?
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Conclusion
A randomized, single-blind, 4-week clinical trial suggests the immunostimulating effect by daily intakes of 3 ZESPRI kiwis.
Kiwi might play an important role in the preventive medicine by its immunostimulatingeffect, because it is a fruit of cheap and easy to eat.
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