N A S A A m e s R e s e a r c h C e n t e r

2 0 2 1 - 0 5 - 0 5

Ty l e r R e i d , C TO

Commercial Satellite Navigation

For Autonomy

2

Outline

Evolution in Aerospace & Navigation New Navigation Drivers: Autonomy

Commercial LEO PNT Xona Space Systems

3

Outline

Evolution in Aerospace & Navigation New Navigation Drivers: Autonomy

Commercial LEO PNT Xona Space Systems

Strength through diversity4

Strength through diversity5

Strength through diversity

GEOLEO

MEO

506780

96

Total Operational SatellitesNov 2016: 1419

HEO37

Strength through diversity6

Strength through diversity

GEOLEO

MEO

506562 780

2612

96139

Total Operational SatellitesNov 2016: 1419

Jan 2021:3372

HEO3759

8

LEO Mega Constellations

On Orbit182

IOC648

IOC4425

On Orbit1

IOC298

IOC3236

Future 40k+

Future 6000+

Future 500+

On Orbit1382

9

A Brief History of Navigation

GPS1996-Present

3 m

Transit1964-1996

25 m

Celestial/Chrono1770-1920

3000 m

Loran1940s-2010

460 m

?2025+

<0.30 m

10

‘Moore’s Law’ of Navigation

Trend: 10x better accuracy every 30 years

2020s:Decade of the Decimeter

11

Outline

Evolution in Aerospace & Navigation New Navigation Drivers: Autonomy

Commercial LEO PNT Xona Space Systems

13

New Nav Drivers 14

Photo Credit: Jerami Martin

Autonomous Driving needs 10 cm, 95%30 cm, 10-9 / mile

Localization Perception Prediction Planning Control

Where am I?What’s

Around Me?

Where are they going?

Where should I go?

How do I get there?

Error

Autonomous Vehicles15

Localization Perception Prediction Planning Control

Localization is the foundation and has the strictest requirements

Where am I?What’s

Around Me?

Where are they going?

Where should I go?

How do I get there?

Error

Autonomous Vehicles16

Expectation for self-driving: Match the safety of other modes of mass

transportation

1 fatality per 10 billion miles

Safety in the Age of Autonomy19

T. G. R. Reid, S. E. Houts, R. Cammarata, G. Mills, S. Agarwal, A. Vora, and G. Pandey, “Localization Requirements for Autonomous Vehicles,” SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 173-190, 2019.

1 fatality / 108 miles

0.02 fatalities / 108 miles

20

Target Level of Safety

Year

Lateral

Lo

ng

itu

din

al

Position can only be more

than 30 cm from truth onceevery billion miles of driving

Vehicle: 1 fatality / 10B mi = Localization: 1 failure / 1B mi

Physical Interpretation21

T. G. R. Reid, S. E. Houts, R. Cammarata, G. Mills, S. Agarwal, A. Vora, and G. Pandey, “Localization Requirements for Autonomous Vehicles,” SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 173-190, 2019.

250x Entire U.S. Road Network

A billion miles…29

Other modes of transportation

require the same level of safety, but

tolerate much larger position

errors

Why is this hard?32

Cameras

Radar & Ultrasonic

LiDAR

IMU

Wheel Speed

GNSS

Exclusively prepared for 1517, 27 February 2020.

Relative Localization

Absolute Localization

Vision

GNSS

LiDAR

Radar

Wheel Speed

IMU 1

IMU 2

10-8 / h

(ASIL D)

10-7 / h

10-7 / h

(ASIL B)

(ASIL B)

2x “independent” systems

How AVs know where they are37

Atmospheric Effects

Satellite Faults

Availability

GNSS Integrity =

Multipath Spoofing

Combine Faults From…

How to get the absolute branch to 10-741

Advanced Receivers and Augmentation Services

Atmospheric Effects

Satellite Faults

Availability Multipath Spoofing

GNSS Integrity =

Combine Faults From…

How to get the absolute branch to 10-742

43

Outline

Evolution in Aerospace & Navigation New Navigation Drivers: Autonomy

Commercial LEO PNT Xona Space Systems

LEO PNT44

51

Outline

Evolution in Aerospace & Navigation New Navigation Drivers: Autonomy

Commercial LEO PNT Xona Space Systems

52

Commercial LEO PNT

~$0.50-1M(Satellite + Launch)

Satellites + Space Component

Production Lines

300 LEOs =

GPS DOP

GPS III ~$500M (Satellite + Launch)

10-100x Reduced Launch Costs

Xona Founding Team

XONA FOUNDERSJANUARY 2020

TYLER REID CTO

BRIAN MANNING CEO

BRYAN CHAN DIRECTOR OF BUINESS DEV

ADRIEN PERKINS DIRECTOR OF NAV SYSTEMS

KAZ GUNNING NAV ALGORITHMS LEAD

ANDREW NEISH COMMUNICATIONS LEAD

JERAMI MARTIN SATELLITE LEAD

PAUL TARANTINO DIRECTOR OF PM

53

COTS buses & components

Falling launch costs

+

Products of the multi-billion $

GNSS constellations

Xona Navigation SignalPowerful. Protected.

Precise.

One the Shoulders of Giants54

Autonomous monitoring of multiple redundant inputsLeverages over $50B of global infrastructure

Xona Navigation SignalPowerful. Protected.

Precise.

Resilience needs Redundancy

Full GNSS-Independent OperationContinued operation at reduced accuracy level

55

Resilience needs Redundancy

Strength in NumbersLow-cost platform can be rapidly manufactured and deployed. Operational capability in 1-2 launches.

56

Architecture57

Orbit / Clock Determination

Radio Occultation

Precise Positioning

GNSS

LEO

Inter-Satellite

Monitoring

Only Xona’s satellite infrastructure can address challenges with availability, jamming, multipath, and spoofing.

Atmospheric Effects

Satellite Faults

Availability Multipath Spoofing

58How to get the absolute branch to 10-7

Weather Data

Ag/Surveying

MobileMarine & Rail

Aerospace

Autonomy

~2.5B GPS devices shipped each year by 2025.A LEO Layer Can Evolve With Commercial Demand On Short Timescales

AutomotiveDrones

Aerial Mobility

Defense

Source: GSA GNSS Market Report Issue 6, 2019

PNT as a Service59

Phase 136 Satellites

Phase 266 Satellites

Phase 3300 Satellites

Phase 0Local Networks

Precision Timing1 Local Mid Latitude2 >99% Global >99% | Mid Lat2

100%

Global 100%

Secure GNSS

Augmentation

Local Mid Latitude2 >99% Global >99% | Mid Lat2

100%

Global 100%

Independent Precision PNT Local - - Global 100%

2021 2024 2025 2027SERVICE AVAILABILITY

1. Stationary Users.2. Between 22 and 60 deg Latitude. Covers Continental US, EU, China, and other mid-latitude regions.

Roll Out Plan60

61

Alpha (Demo) Mission

Thank You!

Tyler Reid

tyler@xonaspace.com xonaspace.com

For more information, please see our work in: