CNT and Graphene: Is the future happening now?

Dr. A. Joseph Berkmans &

Mr. Adarsh A Khare

Strategy & Business Development, Petchem, RIL

Nanotechnology-Size Matters

• Billionth of a meter (10-9 m)

• Nanomaterials- Materials with size 1-100 nm

• 0D,1D, 2D and 3D nanomaterials

0D 1D 2D 3D

• Properties are different at nanoscale.

Eg: Red Gold!

• Top down and Bottom up approach

Nature News, 2001

The color of gold becomes red at 20 nm!

Murphy CJ et.al., Acc.

Chem. Res., 2008

Allotropes of Carbon

Graphite Diamond Fullerene or Buckyball

Carbon nanotube Graphene

D. D. L. Chung, J. Mater. Sci., 2002.Nature materials, 2010.

M.S. Dresselhaus et.al,Carbon, 1995.

3

Jan Prasek et.al, J. Mater. Chem., 2011.

Mark C. Hersam,

Nature Nanotech.,2008.T. W. Ebbesen et.al, Nature,1992.

Thess et al., Science, 1996.

Transmission electron micrographs

of SWNT bundle and a MWNT

4

Jan Prasek et.al, J. Mater. Chem., 2011.

Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)

Graphene Sheet,

Courtesy: Berkeley LabYongji Gong et.al., Nature, 2014.

Scanning Transmission Electron

micrograph of Graphene

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Graphene- Monolayer Graphite!

• Bi-layer, tri-layer and multilayer graphene

• Graphene nano ribbons -1D structure

• Graphene nano platelets – 1-15 nm thick

Properties CNT Graphene ApplicationsTensile strength

(GPa)

13-53 130 High strength and light weight

flexible composites

Elastic Modulus

(GPa)

~1000 ~1000 High strength and light weight

flexible composites

Electrical Resistivity

(µ Ohm cmm)

5-50 1 Conductive inks, coatings

Composites, Transistors

Thermal Conductivity

(W/mK)

3500 6000 Coolants, Heat dissipation

materials

Electron mobility

(cm2/Vs)

10000 200000 High performance flexible

electronic devices

Specific surface area

m2/g

1315 2630 Hydrogen storage, catalyst support

Optical

Transmittance

(%)

90 97.7 Transparent conductive films for

touch screen applications,

Transparent electrodes

Cost US $5 (MWCNT)/ US

$750 (SWCNT) per

gram

US $800( Monolayer on

PET film)

-

CNT & GrapheneProperties and applications

Major applications

Value chain analysis

Nano materials Nano intermediates(Profit earner)

Nano enabled materials(Revenue earner)

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Market structure: Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)

Single walled CNT

Few walled CNT

Multi walled CNT

Adoption in key markets like asphalt, concrete, energy storage expected in near future

SWeNT, Nanointegris, Thomas swan

SWeNT, Nantero, Lockheed martin, kuraray, brewer science

Showa denko, Arkema, Nanocyl, Timesnano, Hyperion, Chinese players

Product Companies Characteristics

Very few quality producers. No major players

Latest entrant in this space. Applications still developing

Mass applications, crowded market, few quality producers

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Market structure: Graphene

Graphene Nano Platelets

Graphene sheets

Majors like Samsung, Sandisk, BASF etc. betting big on Graphene

Vorbeck, XOLVE,Haydale, graphenea, Samsung, IBM, BASF

Angstron Materials, Graphenics, Sandisk

Product Companies Characteristics

Energy storage considered to be the next big thing. Large MNCs investing in R&D. E.gIBM, BASF etc. but the market is overpopulated by low-quality players

Applications still in development stage. Large players investing heavily in R&D

Market Size: CNT / Graphene

$-

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Graphene demand

(US$ millions)

Composites Conductive inks and coatingsEnergy storage Water filtrationTCFs High-performance electronicsOther Research

$-

$500

$1,000

$1,500

$2,000

$2,500

$3,000

$3,500

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

CNT Market

Total Market Value ($MM)

Source: SWeNT

Thank you