COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER

Outlines

MOTHER BOARD

INPUT DEVICES

STORAGE DEVICES

OUTPUT DEVICES

OTHER PERIPHERALS

Mother BoardThe motherboard serves to connect all of the

parts of a computer together. The CPU, memory, hard drives, optical drives, video card, sound card and other ports and expansion cards all connect to the motherboard directly or via cables.

The motherboard can be thought of as the "back bone" of the computer.

Hard DiskA hard disk drive (HDD; also hard drive, hard disk, or disk

drive) is a device for storing and retrieving digital information, primarily computer data.

Introduced by IBM in 1956.Three main manufacturers: Western Digital, Seagate, and

ToshibaOptical drives retrieve and/or store data on optical discs like

CDs, DVDs, and BDs (Blu-ray discs) which hold much more information than classic portable media options like the floppy disk.

Popular Optical Disc Drive Manufacturers: Lite-On IT, Memorex, NEC

Video CardThe video card is an expansion card that allows the computer

to send graphical information to a video display device such as a monitor or projector.

Popular Video Card Manufacturers: NVIDIA,

Corporation, AMD, Matrix A sound card (also known as an audio card)

is an internal computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs

Motherboard1. CPU

2. RAM

3. BIOS

4. Cooling system

5. PCI Slots

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)1. CPU or central processing unit is the main processing

unit 2. It determines the performance of the computer

(processor speed) 3. Can be said a BRAIN of computer4. Currently Pentium Chip (Processor) are most popular 5. The Core 2 Duo is Intel's second generation (hence,

Core 2) processor made for desktops and laptops designed from the ground up to be fast while not consuming nearly as much power as previous CPUs.

6. Dual core is simply a generic term referring to any processor package with two physical CPUs in one

7. Dual core is better because it has 2 processors.

Front of the Computer Case

Inside the Computer Case

A drive bay is a standard-sized area for adding hardware to a computer. Most drive bays are fixed to the inside of a case, but some can be removed.

Drive bays are most commonly used to store disk drives, although they can also be used for front-end USB ports, I/O bays, card readers, fans, fan controllers, tool storage, and other uses.

Expansion slots are specific slots on a PC motherboard that facilitate the placement of expansion cards.

2.RAM1. One of most

important part of computer

2. Random Access Memory RAM stores information temporarily

3. More RAM in the computer more faster computer works

4. RAM is in the form of a chip and different vendors have developed the RAM of different capacities

3.BIOS1. BIOS: Basic

Input/Output system is a set of instructions in ROM

2. Used to start most basic services of computer system.

3. A built-in software that determines what a computer can do without accessing programs from a disk.

BIOS(contd.)It contains all the code required to control the

keyboard, display screen, disk drives, serial communications, and a number of miscellaneous functions.

It is typically placed in a ROM chip that comes with the computer (it is often called a ROM BIOS). This ensures that the BIOS will always be available and will not be damaged by disk failures. It also makes it possible for a computer to boot itself.

Because RAM is faster than ROM, though, many computer manufacturers design systems so that the BIOS is copied from ROM to RAM each time the computer is booted. This is known as shadowing.

4. Cooling system1. A cooling

mechanism prevent damage to computer from heat

2. Contains fans and sinks

3. The CPU, Computer case, power supply, some Hard disk, some adapter cards need cooling

5. PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect) slots1. Slot is the space

provided on motherboard used to increase functionality of computer

2. There are RAM slots, AGP (accelerated graphics port)slots and expansion slots.

INPUT DEVICES

KeyboardMouseScannerJoystickMicrophone

1. Keyboard

1. The keyboard is used to type something or input information to the computer.

2. Connects to the system via cable or wireless connections

3. There are different designs and models available

4. An arrangement of letters, numbers, and special function keys that act as the primary input device to the computer

2. Mouse1. Most common input device used to give

instructions to computer2. Connectivity via cable or wireless media3. Types: Track Ball, Optical mouse, IR

mouse, Radio wave mouse 4. An input device that allows the user to

manipulate objects on the screen by moving the device along the surface of a desk.

3. Scanner1. Scanners allow you

to transfer pictures and photographs to your computer

2. Used to scan the images and pictures

3. Using software you can convert printed documents into the text that you can use in the word processor

4. Joystick1. Another input

device used to play games

2. Available in many shapes

5. Microphone1. Used to give

audio input2. Important in

video conferencing

Storage devices Primary storage

1. RAM

Secondary storage1.HDD2.Floppy disk3.Other storage devices

1. Hard Disk Drive1. Hard Disk Drive

HDD is a mechanism to run disks

2. HD is a fixed media storage device

3. Data stored magnetically

4. Mostly internal but some are external

2. Floppy 1. Floppy disks

stores data magnetically

2. Disk covered by means of plastic coat

3. Older storage device having less storage capacity

3. Other storage Device 1. Used as external

storage device 2. Works faster than

disks 3. Data stores

electrically and having USB

Output Devices

MonitorSpeakersPrinter

1. Monitor1. Monitor is used to

display the information on the screen.

2. Monitors come in many sizes and shapes, monochrome or full colors

3. Today most computers use LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)

2. Speakers

1. Speaker is the audio output device

2. Used to listen songs and other audio media

3. Printer1. Printer takes the

information from the PC and transfers it to the paper of different sizes

2. There are three basic types of a printer such as dot matrix, inkjet and laser

Other Peripheral Devices

ModemsDigital CameraSound and Video Card

1. Modem1. Modem is used for modulation

and demodulation of data2. convert data analog to digital

and digital to analog3. Can be internal and external 4. Modems are measured by the

speed which is called baud rate. The typical baud rate is 56Kb

5. A device that sends and receives data to and from computers over telephone lines.

2. Digital Camera1. Device used to

take digital photographs

2. Images stores on the memory chip of camera

3. Used in video conferencing

3. Sound card

1. A circuit board that gives the computer the ability to accept audio input, play sound files, and produce audio output through speakers or headphones.

2. Sound cards produce the sound like music and voice

3. The older cards were 8, 16 and then 32 bits4.  Allow output device to produce audio

4. Video card1. Alternatively

referred to as a graphics card, video card, video board, or a video controller, a video adapter 

2. It allow a display device such as a monitor to display images from the computer