Post on 15-Feb-2016
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Climatic Interactions
Ms. Clark
Vocabulary
– Hurricane gulf stream– Humidity atmosphere– Psychrometer– prevailing winds cyclone– air mass jet stream– convection current gyres– air pressure upwelling– deep water currents surface currents
Vocabulary• Hurricane- a storm with a violent wind and particular
tropical cyclone in the Caribbean. • Humidity- a quantity representing the amount of
water vapor in the atmosphere. • Cyclone- an area of closed circular forward motion
rotating in the same direction of the Earth. • Psychrometer- two similar thermometers with one
being wet and one being dry. • Prevailing winds- • Air mass- a large body of air having characteristics of
temperature, moisture, and pressure that are approximately uniformed horizontally.
• Air mass-a body of air covering a relative wide area exhibiting uniform properties through a horizontal section.
• Convection Current-Convection current- the movement of a fluid called by differences in temperature that transfer
• Air Pressure- a force exerted by air whether compressed or unconfined or any surface in contact with it.
• Deep Water Currents- circles the Earth driven by density differences in water.
• Gulf Stream- a warm ocean current that flows from the Gulf of Mexico along the East Coast.
• Atmosphere- a layer of gases that surround a material body of sufficient mass. (the envelope of gases surrounding the Earth or another planet)
• Cyclones- winds rotating inwards to an area of low atmospheric pressure with counterclockwise (Northern Hemisphere) or clockwise (Southern Hemisphere)
• Jet Stream- the velocity winds that move from east to west, high above the Earth.
• Gyres- a spiral of oceanic surface current driven primarily by the global wind system constrained by the continents surrounding the three basins. (pacific,atlantic, indian)
• Upwelling- an upward flow of cold heavy deep sea water lading with nutrients as warm surface water is drawn away by offshore currents.
• Surface Currents- water movements which extend to depths of 3-10 ft.
Earth Lab
• Why do our oceans have different temperatures?
How do the temperatures differ?
How do you think the difference in temperatures will effect ocean temperatures?
• How do you think the temperature differences in the ocean will affect the temperature of the air masses above them?
Bellringer 1.8
• What is the object? • What is its purpose?• How does it work?
Bellringer 1.9
• Which way does a cyclone rotate? Explain.
Bellringer 1.10
• What is the MAIN cause of global convection currents?
• A) uneven heating of the Earth by the Sun• B)the greenhouse effect• C) deforestation• D) the increase in the number of cities
What is a hurricane?
• Hurricanes are tropical cyclones.
• They form in the southern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and eastern Pacific Ocean.
• Their winds spiral outward in a counterclockwise, circulation pattern.
What conditions must exist for a hurricane to form?
• Low to medium winds blowing in the same direction
• 5–30 degrees north of the equator in the ocean• Ocean surface temperature of greater than 80 F
that extends down to about 150 feet deep (50 m)
• Lower atmosphere must be moist
How do hurricanes form?
• The air mass above the tropical waters takes on the temperature and humidity of the water beneath it.
• Incoming winds force the air upward.• The warm, moist air rises, forming water vapor and
clouds. • Above the storm, the winds flow outward.• Outside winds blow inward, and the cycle repeats.
How do hurricanes move?
• Hurricanes turn to the right, away from the equator, because of the Coriolis Effect caused by Earth’s rotation.
• You will learn about this phenomenon later in the lesson.
Where does the energy for a hurricane originate?
• The Sun heats the oceans.
• Warm air rises, and as it cools, it releases energy, fueling the hurricane.
Why don’t hurricanes form in higher latitudes?
• The temperature of the oceans is not warm enough.
• The distance is too far from the equator.
HW: 1.11Reflective Question
How do oceans play a role in the development of weather systems including hurricanes?
Humidity
• The relative measure of the amount of water vapor in the air
• Psychrometer• Water vapor affects the density of the air.• Cold air is heavier than warm air.
What is an air mass?
• A body of air that has the same temperature and humidity throughout.
How do air masses form?
• If a large body of air sits over an area of land or water for a long period of time, it will take on the characteristics of the land or water beneath it.
• Temperature• Humidity
Location, Location, Location…
• Air masses over the equator will have high temperatures.
• Air masses over polar regions will have low temperatures.
• Air masses over water (maritime) will have high humidity (moisture content).
• Air masses over land (continental) will have low humidity (moisture content).
Where do air masses form?
• Air masses tend to form in areas with little wind.
• Remember, they sit over an area for a long period of time without moving.
Labeling Air Masses
• Air masses that form over water are called maritime.
• Air masses that form over land are called continental.
Classification of Air Masses
• mT – maritime tropical• cT – continental tropical• mP – maritime polar• cP – continental polar• cA – continental arctic
Characteristics of Air Masses
• mT – warm, moist air• cT – warm, dry air• mP – cold, moist air• cP – cold, dry air• cA – super cold, dry air
H.W 1.28 Reflective Questions
How do air masses move?
Convection!
Convection
• Warm air rises, and cold air moves in to replace it.
• A circulation pattern is formed.• Causes air and water currents to form
HW: 1.13Reflection Question
How do different air masses form?
How does convection work?