PowerPoint Presentation

Unit 8: Climatic InteractionsPart 2

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Construct an AnemometerWhat is this object?Anemometer, instrument used to measure the windWhat purpose of an Anemometer?Measure the wind speedHow does it work?Multiply the circumference by the revolutionsToday you are going to make one!

Construct an AnemometerOpen Calculating Wind Speed

You will collect data during class and calculate your wind speed as homework

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Atmospheric Movement and Fronts LabOpen Atmospheric Movement and Fronts Lab

Low Pressure DemoStay in control!!!!!!!!

Low Pressure DemoWhy is burning the paper necessary?The burning paper heats the air and removes the oxygen. The paper will burn until the oxygen is used or the paper in consumed. The air then warms then cools as the fire go out. Because there is less air in the jar now, it exerts less pressure. When the temperature inside and outside of the bottle is the same, the air pressure outside the bottle pushes the balloon inside.How does this demonstration relate to atmospheric patterns and weather?If the temperature of the air changed, the pressure of the sir also changes. Heating a constant volume of air causes the pressure of the air to increase. If the air is cooled, the pressure decreases. This pattern is seen in high and low pressure areas, convection, and air masses.

Atmospheric Movement and Fronts LabCopy what is in Yellow

Atmospheric Movement and Local Weather

Lets Review

Air Masses

Air Pressure

0 o Equator30 o S60 o S90 o S30 o N60 o N90 o NMoreDirect Sun HotConvection Currents

Global Convection Cells

Global Wind Patterns

The Coriolis Effect

Jet Stream

Jet StreamForms high in the upper Troposphere between two air masses of different temperaturesHigher temperature difference = faster speedDue to the Coriolis Effect, it flows around air masses.Polar Jet:It dips southward when frigid polar air masses move south.It tends to stay north in the summer months

Jet Stream Animationhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/vanished/jetstr_five.html

Abnormally high surface ocean temperatures off the coast of South America

Causes unusual weather patterns across the globe

El NinoA strong surface currentBegins at the tip of FloridaFlows up the eastern coastline of the U.S. Crosses the Atlantic OceanCauses warmer climate in NW EuropeGulf StreamVariables Affecting Local WeatherFrontsWhen convection and winds cause air masses to move, they bump into one another.The area where two air masses meet is called a front.Most severe weather occurs near frontal boundaries.

Cold Front- Cold air meets warm air- Fast moving and stormy, severe weather is likely

Cold Front Symbol

Draw thisWarm Front- Warm air meets cold air- Slow moving with less severe weather

Warm Front Symbol

Draw this

Stationary FrontStationary Front: Warm and cool air masses that are not strong enough to move one another

Sits still for a long period of timeStationary Front Symbol

Draw ThisFriction

Frontal Boundary Simulationshttp://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/weather_fronts/

High and Low Pressure Circulation

Air Pressure and WindAir pressure is measured with a barometer in millibars.Millibars are represented by connected lines of equal pressure. This is a lot like the topographic map lines.The closer together the lines are, the faster the wind speed.The farther apart the lines are, the slower the wind speed.

The Earths InsulatorThe Sun heats the water and land every day.Land heats up rapidly, but cools off rapidly.DesertWater heats up slowly, but cools off slowly.Swimming at nightThe heat retained by the oceans is what keeps our planet insulated.

Land and Sea BreezesThe heating and cooling of water and land produces land breezes and sea breezes.High pressure moves toward low pressure, pushing the warm air upward.As warm air rises, cooler air moves in and replaces it.

Land Breeze

Sea Breeze

Sea Breeze and Land Breeze Simulationhttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1903/es1903page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

Atmospheric Movement and Fronts Using the notes we just took answer theses questions in one complete sentence, at the bottom of your page

Why does the Earth have wind and ocean currents?

How do global patterns of atmospheric movement affect local weather?

Investigating Fronts LabFollow Directions

Complete Handout and Turn In

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Weather Symbol Card SortWith your shoulder partner, sort the cards into 6 groups of 3

Open Weather Maps

Weather MapsWeather maps are used to show current weather conditions in an effort to predict future weather conditions.You need to know what each symbol means and how to interpret them to forecast the weather.

Cold Front Symbol

Moves in the Direction of the TrianglesCold, dense air is moving toward warm, less dense air. The warm air is pushed up to cool and form clouds as the cooler air replaces it. The air on the front side of the boundary line is warmer than the air on the back side of the boundary line. Cold Fronts are usually fast moving and bring stormy weather and heavy precipitation followed by clearing skies and higher pressure.

Warm Front Symbol

Moves in the Direction of the Semi-CirclesWarm air is moving toward cold air. The warm, less dense air slides over the cold, more dense air. The air on the front side of the boundary line is cooler than the air on the back side of the boundary line. Warm Fronts usually move slowly and bring steady rain or snow over many days.

Stationary Front Symbol

Stay in One AreaThese fronts occur when neither the cool or warm air masses are strong enough to replace each other.

Stationary Front tend to stay in an area for a long period of time, often bringing precipitation and clouds.

High Pressure

Moves toward Low PressureCooler, dense air close to the surface of the Earth.Surrounded by winds flowing in a clockwise direction. High pressure Usually brings dry conditions and fair skies.

High Pressure SimulationLets practice.Remove the lid from the bottle.Now, replace the lid.What direction did you turn the lid to tighten it?Did the lid move up or down?This is a way to remember high pressure.

Low Pressure

High pressure will move toward low pressure.Warmer, less dense air above the Earths surface

Surrounded by winds moving in a counterclockwise direction.

Low pressure Associated with the formation of storms.

Low Pressure SimulationLets practice.Remove the lid from the bottle.What direction did you turn the lid to loosen it?Did the lid move up or down?This is a way to remember low pressure.

58High and Low Pressure Circulation

Pressure Force

Weather MapsWith your shoulder partner complete the handout using the laminated maps

Switch

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Weather Maps ProjectFollow the directionsWork with your groupDue at the end of class

Group JobsResearcherTracerKey PersonDirector

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Warm UpStudy your spiralWrite Test on your warm up log

After the TestSTAY QUEITYou may read, work on homework, or get on the computerIf we have time I will check your grades after the test