Climate Resilience Infrastructure

Development Facility

Support to infrastructure

development in SADC

What is CRIDF?

Climate Resilience Infrastructure

Development Facility;

DFID’s new infrastructure support

programme in southern Africa;

Delivering water related infrastructure in SADC

Countries, building climate resilience for the poor;

“Peaceful and climate resilient management of

shared water resources in SADC for the benefit of

the poor.”

Being implemented by;Being implemented by;

In association with;

An introduction to SADCThe Southern African Development Community

15 nation block in southern Africa

- 12 mainland, and 3 island States.

281 million people

Botswana

GDP varies widely – wealthier

south, rapidly developing north.

South Africa’s economy is

2x the rest of SADC combined.

Water in SADC

Rainfall varies widely – from

+2000 mm/a to < 100 mm/a.

15 Transboundary Basins hold 70%of surface waters.

5% of available water used.

Water availability varies over time

and space.

Lead from SADC’s Vision for Infrastructure

Development;

Infrastructure development is seen as a central and key

pillar to SADC’s RSAP III delivering on;

Equitable and sustainable utilisation of water for

social and environmental justice and regional

integration and economic benefits for present and

future generations.

CRIDF Strategy informed by demand

and climate vulnerability context:

Working with SADC and RBOs to respond

to demand for investments;

Differentiating between well watered

(northern) basins and water stressed

(southern) basins;

Pursuing a specific strategy in each basin

–improving climate resilience according

to context;

Zambezi:

Orange:

Small scale storage and irrigation projects;

Enhancing and maintaining natural storage

infrastructure; and

Introducing the ‘water, food, and energy’

nexus in policy.

Stretching available resources further, and

equitable sharing of the saved water; and

Introducing strategic peace dividends into

Basin Planning

Virtual Water

flows

4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 km33331.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 km3333

Data Sources: Mekonnen and Hoekstra (2011), SADC States & CRIDFDry south

Wet north

8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 km333313.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 km3333

14.8 14.8 14.8 14.8 km333317.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 km3333

Hydro north (uses 17%)

Thermal south (uses 83%)Source: Southern African Power Pool (Musaba 2010)

74.3 % Coal

20.1 % Hydropower

4.0% Nuclear

1.6 % Gas / Diesel

97% domestic demand & 3 % bilateral trades

Growth in demand > 5%

6.540 GWh/yr

8.280 GWh/yr

Virtual Water in

electricity trades

Data Sources: ESKOM, SAPP, CRIDF – Year

2012/2013

1,936 Mill m3/yr (6%)

11.76 Mill m3/yr (3.5%)

Source: World Bank 2010, Zambezi IWRM Strategy 2008, Beilfuss 2012

Drought of 1992:

Reduced generation

loss of U$ 102 million.

Drought of 1992:

Reduced generation

loss of U$ 102 million.

From 1981-2001 no overflow

from Kariba Dam.

From 1981-2001 no overflow

from Kariba Dam.

Drought of 1992:

Reduced generation

loss of U$ 102 million.

From 1981-2001 no overflow

from Kariba Dam.

+ 2,300 MW Inga III+ 2,300 MW Inga III+ 2,300 MW Inga III Evaporation off

hydro reserviors:

= 11-16% of MAR

Evaporation off

hydro reserviors:

= 11-16% of MAR

Evaporation off

hydro reserviors:

= 11-16% of MAR

Climate Change:

Firm Power down 43%

Average down 25%

Climate Change:

Firm Power down 43%

Average down 25%

Climate Change:

Firm Power down 43%

Average down 25%

Installed Hydro:

5000 MW (10%)

Planned:

additional 13000 MW

Installed Hydro:

5000 MW (10%)

Planned:

additional 13000 MW

Installed Hydro:

5000 MW (10%)

Planned:

additional 13000 MW

The Zambezi

Source: World Bank 2010

Cooperating on hydropower:

Increase generation by 23%

Cooperating on hydropower:

Increase generation by 23%

Cooperating on Irrigation

and hydropower

Expanding irrigation:• Potential 184% expansion

• Firm Power decrease 21%

• Average decrease 9%

Expanding irrigation:• Potential 184% expansion

• Firm Power decrease 21%

• Average decrease 9%

Expanding irrigation:• Potential 184% expansion

• Firm Power decrease 21%

• Average decrease 9%

Moving 30,000 ha of irrigation:• 0.03 km3/a in Zambia, 0.08 km3/a in

Mozambique (if sugar).

• Firm Power increase 2%

• Net Present Value U$ 140 million

Moving 30,000 ha of irrigation:• 0.03 km3/a in Zambia, 0.08 km3/a in

Mozambique (if sugar).

• Firm Power increase 2%

• Net Present Value U$ 140 million

Moving 30,000 ha of irrigation:• 0.03 km3/a in Zambia, 0.08 km3/a in

Mozambique (if sugar).

• Firm Power increase 2%

• Net Present Value U$ 140 million

The Orange-Senqu

> 85 % of water used in Power

Generation in South Africa

from the Orange-Senqu

≈ 280 million m3 at high

assurance (2% of total use)

Water in energy:Move towards sovereign security and

regional surplus through investment in

generation and transmission infrastructure

and bilateral agreements

Provide for growing rural demand through

micro- and mini-hydropower

When water is available ramp down

thermal- and ramp up hydro-power

In drought ramp up thermal- and ramp

down hydro-power.

Water in agricultural products:

Establish variable assurance of supply

based on usufruct rights

Manage energy and irrigation

conjunctively and regionally

For regional companies;;;;

• When water is available ramp up

production

• In drought ramp down production,

and meet demands through regional

trading