Post on 23-Dec-2015
Classical Conditioning
Unit 3- Module 14 Notes
Definitions
• Learning: • A relatively permanent change in behavior
caused by experience
• Classical Conditioning• Type of learning in which a stimulus gains the
power to create a response
• Stimulus• Anything in the environment that one can
respond to
• Response• Any behavior or action
Classical Conditioning
• There are four main components to classical conditioning:• Unconditioned Stimulus (US)• Unconditioned Response (UR)• Conditioned Stimulus (CS)• Conditioned Response (CR)
Classical Conditioning
• Unconditioned Stimulus (US)• Stimulus that triggers an automatic and
reflexive response• Classical conditioning CANNOT happen
without an US• In the shower example, what is the US?
• Hot water
Classical Conditioning
• Unconditioned Response (UR)• The automatic response to the US• Relationship between the US and UR is
reflexive and automatic- it is NOT learned
• In the shower example, what is the UR?• Jumping out of the way of the hot water
Classical Conditioning
• Conditioned Stimulus (CS)• A previously neutral stimulus that ,
through learning, gains the power to cause a conditioned response
• Before classical conditioning takes place, the stimulus is considered a neutral stimulus
• In the shower example, what is the CS?• The word “Flush”
Classical Conditioning
• Conditioned Response (CR)• The response to the Conditioned
Stimulus• Is the same behavior that is identified
as the UR• In the shower example, what is the CR?
• Jumping out of the way of the hot water
Classical Conditioning
• Two basic processes in classical conditioning:• Acquisition
• Process of developing a learned response• Occurs when a neutral stimulus is
repeatedly paired with a US (called a trial)
• In the shower example, how would we know that acquisition has taken place?• When the word “Flush” is said and the
person jumps out of the way without the hot water being present
Classical Conditioning
• Extinction• Diminishing of a learned response after
repeated presentation of the CS by itself
• How could the CR of jumping out of the way in the shower become extinct?• Repeatedly yell “Flush” (CS) without
actually flushing the toilet• Since water wouldn’t get hot, learner
wouldn’t react to the CS
Classical Conditioning
• Two more terms:• Generalization
• Producing the same response to two similar stimuli
• Discrimination• Ability to distinguish between 2 signals
or stimuli and produce different responses
Classical Conditioning
• Aaron was sitting on a park bench licking a lollipop when he got stung in the ear by a bee. The sting produced a great deal of pain and, as a result, fear of bees. After the incident, Aaron began experiencing fear whenever he heard the buzzing sound of a bee.
Classical Conditioning
• In that scenario, what is the:• US?
• Pain from the sting
• UR?• Fear of bees
• CS?• Buzzing of bees
• CR?• Fear of bees
Classical Conditioning
• In the previous scenario, how might we observe generalization?• If Aaron displayed fear of all buzzing
insects
• If Aaron feared all buzzing insects at first, what would need to happen for us to observe discrimination?• Aaron showed the ability to not be
afraid of buzzing insects that did not produce painful stings
Classical Conditioning
Experiment #1• Observe the demonstration
• When complete, jot down the following:• US, UR, CS, CR, Generalization (if any),
Discrimination (if any), Extinction (if any), Acquisition (if any)
• Then, we will discuss as a class
Classical Conditioning
Experiment #1
Classical Conditioning
Experiment #1• Observe the demonstration
• When complete, jot down the following:• US, UR, CS, CR, Generalization (if any),
Discrimination (if any), Extinction (if any), Acquisition (if any)
• Then, we will discuss as a class
Classical Conditioning
• In the famous “Baby Albert” experiment, identify the:• US• UR• CS• CR• Generalization
Classical Conditioning
• Ivan Pavlov’s Experiment• Pavlov was conducting an experiment
on the role of saliva on digestion- the results of his experiment, however, became a benchmark in behavioral psychology!
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
• Pavlov’s experiment• The initial results of the experiment were a
success- the dog salivated when the meat was introduced
• After a period of time, however, the dog became familiar with the procedure and began to salivate before the meat arrived
• Pavlov decided to change his experiment and see if he could train the behavior of the dog by causing it to salivate to the sound of a tuning fork rather than the presence of meat
Classical Conditioning
• Using what we have discussed, CREATE Pavlov’s experiment
• Identify the US, UR, CS, CR
• Identify how acquisition would be produced
• Identify how extinction would be observed