Post on 13-Apr-2018
7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls
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Characteristics
of Young Learners
7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls
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1. Involuntary attention
not pay attention tolanguage system but totask, topic & situation
form is acquired indirectlythroughperipheral learning
language is a means for
expressing meaning
7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls
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2. Limited attention
short attention & concentration span
tend to focus on the end of words &
add suxes & postpositions beforenoticing the existence of & beginusing prexes & prepositions (e.g.
goed, eated, whom with)
7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls
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3. Holistic skills
approach language holistically notanalying it or breaking phrases intochunks but treating & learning it
formulaically & integrated with otherskills
language production does not dependon explicit knowledge, but must bede!eloped implicitly
7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls
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4. Inability to observe
regularities & causal relations
are neither cognitively nor sychologically
mature to make comarisons bet!een the L"& the #L
re$uire constant reetition to infer &
generate grammar rules & to identify causalrelations bet!een various occurrences
7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls
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%. ndeveloed roblem'solving skills
can(t yet diagnose roblems & generate
solutions based on the informationavailable
7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls
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). *eak memory
cannot control !hat they are taught
the younger the learner+ the atchierthe storage & recall
need recycling activities
7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls
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,. Limited e-erience
have limited life & learning e-erience
do not bring in background kno!ledge
they are in the rocess of learning their L"
7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls
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. Here & now reasoning
concrete reasoning concerned !ithhysical here & nowrealia & observablesituations in the immediate environment
abstract reasoning is tied to biological gro!th& does not develo until bet!een "" ' "4years old abstract grammatical atternsare beyond children gras
7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls
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0. ndeveloed LL atitude
influence the rateof develoment !hereformal classroom learning is concerned
4 ma1or comonents of LL atitude
"phonetic coding ability: an ability to identify distinctsounds, and to form associations between them andrepresentative symbols
2 grammatical sensitivity: the ability to recognize thegrammatical functions of words (or other linguistic entities)in sentence structures
3 rote learning ability: a memorization technique basedon repetition
4 inductive (language learning) ability: the ability to inferor induce the rules governing a set of language materials
7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls
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"5. 6echanical memory
2 kinds of memories
mechanical memory short'term memoryredominant in children
logical memory long'term memory develos very slo!ly bet!een "" ' "4 years of age+
is related to abstract thinking
children under "2'"3 can reeat & memori7e
long !ords & e-ressions+ but are not able toanaly7e them because logical memory is not!ell develoed yet
7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls
12/16
"". Lo!er'order functioning
2 broad tyes of functioning
lo!er'order functioning
resonsible for the understanding & roduction of
seech involves basic syntactic rocessing & the motor
oerations emloyed in seaking & !riting
a function of early maturing
higher'order functioning involves semantic rocessing & verbal recognition
deendent uon late develoing neural circuitry
available for use only in older learners
7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls
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"2. ndeveloed interactional skills
young learners are rone to be lessinvolved in sustaining a conversation
rogress less raidly than olderlearners
7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls
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"3. 6otivation
rarely have clear motivation
be less able to
assume resonsibility for their learning
use the metacognitive strategies offocusing+ arranging+ lanning+monitoring & evaluation
rule out any serious attemt at large'scale comarative assessment of theirrogress
7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls
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"4. Literacy & numeracy
children are far behind takingtheir first stes !ith the
alhabet & numbers a !hole ne! code must be
taught alongside the
introduction of literacy &numeracy
7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls
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"%. 8ngoing categori7ation
children still ac$uire L"
establish the range of reference of the le-icalitems
find out the boundaries of the relevantclasses