Characteristics of Yls

7/25/2019 Characteristics of Yls

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Characteristics

of Young Learners


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1. Involuntary attention

not pay attention tolanguage system but totask, topic & situation

form is acquired indirectlythroughperipheral learning

language is a means for

expressing meaning


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2. Limited attention

short attention & concentration span

tend to focus on the end of words &

add suxes & postpositions beforenoticing the existence of & beginusing prexes & prepositions (e.g.

goed, eated, whom with)


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3. Holistic skills

approach language holistically notanalying it or breaking phrases intochunks but treating & learning it

formulaically & integrated with otherskills

language production does not dependon explicit knowledge, but must bede!eloped implicitly


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4. Inability to observe

regularities & causal relations

are neither cognitively nor sychologically

mature to make comarisons bet!een the L"& the #L

re$uire constant reetition to infer &

generate grammar rules & to identify causalrelations bet!een various occurrences


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%. ndeveloed roblem'solving skills

can(t yet diagnose roblems & generate

solutions based on the informationavailable


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). *eak memory

cannot control !hat they are taught

the younger the learner+ the atchierthe storage & recall

need recycling activities


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,. Limited e-erience

have limited life & learning e-erience

do not bring in background kno!ledge

they are in the rocess of learning their L"


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. Here & now reasoning

concrete reasoning concerned !ithhysical here & nowrealia & observablesituations in the immediate environment

abstract reasoning is tied to biological gro!th& does not develo until bet!een "" ' "4years old abstract grammatical atternsare beyond children gras


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0. ndeveloed LL atitude

influence the rateof develoment !hereformal classroom learning is concerned

4 ma1or comonents of LL atitude

"phonetic coding ability: an ability to identify distinctsounds, and to form associations between them andrepresentative symbols

2 grammatical sensitivity: the ability to recognize thegrammatical functions of words (or other linguistic entities)in sentence structures

3 rote learning ability: a memorization technique basedon repetition

4 inductive (language learning) ability: the ability to inferor induce the rules governing a set of language materials


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"5. 6echanical memory

2 kinds of memories

mechanical memory short'term memoryredominant in children

logical memory long'term memory develos very slo!ly bet!een "" ' "4 years of age+

is related to abstract thinking

children under "2'"3 can reeat & memori7e

long !ords & e-ressions+ but are not able toanaly7e them because logical memory is not!ell develoed yet


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"". Lo!er'order functioning

2 broad tyes of functioning

lo!er'order functioning

resonsible for the understanding & roduction of

seech involves basic syntactic rocessing & the motor

oerations emloyed in seaking & !riting

a function of early maturing

higher'order functioning involves semantic rocessing & verbal recognition

deendent uon late develoing neural circuitry

available for use only in older learners


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"2. ndeveloed interactional skills

young learners are rone to be lessinvolved in sustaining a conversation

rogress less raidly than olderlearners


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"3. 6otivation

rarely have clear motivation

be less able to

assume resonsibility for their learning

use the metacognitive strategies offocusing+ arranging+ lanning+monitoring & evaluation

rule out any serious attemt at large'scale comarative assessment of theirrogress


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"4. Literacy & numeracy

children are far behind takingtheir first stes !ith the

alhabet & numbers a !hole ne! code must be

taught alongside the

introduction of literacy &numeracy


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"%. 8ngoing categori7ation

children still ac$uire L"

establish the range of reference of the le-icalitems

find out the boundaries of the relevantclasses

Characteristics of Yls

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