US HistoryChapter 9Section 1

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Abigail Adams in the unfinished White House

1800’s Politics Election of 1800

• John Adams/Charles Pinckney vs. Thomas Jefferson/Aaron Burr

• “Campaigning” – sending letters and newspaper publishing Election Deadlock

• Jefferson and Burr both received 73 votes• 35 votes = still tied; until one extra vote for Jefferson• 1803 – 12th Amendment – voting for President and Vice-

President on separate ballots Inauguration Day – March 4, 1801

• Address – all about limiting government• Laissez-faire- French philosophy of “letting the people do

what they choose”

Jeffersonian Impact Policies

• Desired to expand westward• People are more likely to care if they own land• America need more land• But, Jefferson wanted a smaller “standing” army

Cabinet• Secretary of State – James Madison• Secretary of Treasury – Albert Gallatin• Repealed the Alien and Sedition Acts and the Naturalization

Act Cutting Spending

• Cut the Army by 1/3, limited the navy from 25 ships to 7• Repealed the Whiskey Tax• Foreign Duties – takes on foreign imported goods

The Courts The Judiciary Act of 1801

• Set up just before Jefferson came into office• Set up 16 regional courts• John Adams appointed many justices• John Marshall – Adam’s secretary of state became the Chief Justice of the

Supreme Court• This meant a Federalist controlled Court• Adams tried to commission all of the judges, but a few were appointed and not

confirmed (including William Marbury) Marbury vs. Madison

• Marbury took up his claim to the Supreme Court• The Court turned down the claim; Marshall wrote the opinion• Judical Review - the right of the Supreme Court to determine the

constitutionality of other groups The Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land If a conflict arises between the Constitution and any law; Const. wins The Judicial Branch’s job is to uphold the Constitution

McCulloch vs. Maryland - the Court upheld the right of Congress to do more than the Constitution says (Elastic Clause)

Gibbons vs. Ogden - Court takes precedent over state laws

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Checking for Understanding

__ 1. the right of the Supreme Court to determine if a law violates the Constitution

__ 2. policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation’s economy

__ 3. taxes on foreign imported goods

A. laissez-faire

B. customs duties

C. judicial review

Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

C

A

B